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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2018-6-6 10:48 编辑 1 [, B. b$ j% l: Q0 _6 A. P" w
0 J7 Y3 { {! o6 f' k& U, X0 l8 hhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
3 L. _! {+ X$ r) s2 rYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
- {4 Z8 {) C7 @( q7 D# gFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China. F1 q+ d9 d9 `5 h
+ f8 B1 v$ Z3 y
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of8 H/ H9 r2 }, M1 o7 {/ N- ]
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.- U9 z A& u4 F4 d# O
1 L# |, m2 x( [6 a4 bSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .. E: }' i) o; u1 T* {6 ?: I/ ]( e
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20184 j* B& ^& @2 u* j! c
Published online 26 January 20187 @$ g. [1 P3 o& c2 j% Q$ w+ s
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Abstract
& ]0 C- m( C) X5 _# Z, ZJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
. ]3 Y1 F% a- C3 vDynasty who came to China and was employed by The% y# s# i7 {6 Y: _8 c1 e3 Q' H, ]
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been! L: F* v. n: g0 b) ^: \& f3 o' s7 k
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
+ W# Y$ F+ {, O( m* u) v# }only having translated a great deal of Western scientific2 l1 v! Y* R0 g H/ T
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly- x: z8 m" r" F$ D
to the standardization of the scientific terminology3 V) y7 l4 @* v+ ^
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
: W+ v) `8 l- M# H7 A1 p6 lscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,4 `) a& X& a- H! r, A& F+ f- L* @
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
U. w/ z( I' N( zstandardization of the scientific terminology translation6 R) f$ ?/ T. l- B8 A- {
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
* s: E1 a5 E+ Nhe established had helped greatly with the popularization+ Z6 m1 R3 \/ E$ y
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
9 O2 ?* h4 j4 p, kthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way) W% z; Q0 ~% r( w4 Y9 w/ m
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
8 M- L0 X3 I; Z# P/ _- }* `4 r( _4 _that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a5 \1 H) K4 `5 H: K, n; g: @
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
$ D0 ~3 A, P% R6 R3 Uterminology.) V2 w2 {5 M" E& d2 a
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
' i# |0 ?/ z" w3 W. oStandardization of terminology translation
9 P2 t. q' R! z/ ?6 j6 bYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
5 L/ ^& G* @% U" R& F, ^: e5 v' a) d/ jStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern5 Y& n B* V4 I* P: A6 N# L
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
3 @/ x) x; w5 C% u; {; ffrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
" e$ _* ^; G) MDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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: _3 q2 y7 R+ ^, aINTRODUCTION
; D5 L/ s" D# A1 c4 ZJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and/ c: R9 z/ W5 e. M' E. D( r% a+ m/ P
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
1 i1 X( W s) ]% \Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to0 b7 F* ]! }) a% o
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
: j! T% t* }2 c8 l" J; {St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
/ J; ]& j6 p& M( U+ Fby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
$ ]& E* Q$ D+ u6 ]- z, \# [( D9 ban editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on- F3 r2 A5 U- `3 b0 F; P7 t3 i
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-) S* H& w6 z3 Q9 ^: x
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
" h6 d) ^0 z+ Q/ e/ qworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,+ u) C) M- d5 Y* `4 `
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.5 X! ]$ ?( [9 `5 o9 T
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated6 o* i. J( y& m# X# t1 w
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
* b N& \4 M, _+ K) ]would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
% |4 f5 d& G- z$ w, p* srevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,$ l( e/ B$ G( g8 Z6 {' b( b. |
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western2 }8 D7 N% `! W6 n. ^, u. m( f6 l
books that made him the most productive one among the
. A. Y; U7 h6 M R7 f9 M& L7 [foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
( L$ ?6 k. C% h/ _translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a) y- I9 n- F! ]% u4 T$ }; P4 U) Y
noble work which could help accelerate the process of. X5 b b8 M8 t
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).: U6 O& Z! U R9 M0 K% h
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer$ E# s k5 `1 U, X% N/ O- P
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
$ _3 b& P( l' l E( C: sscience and the standardization of translated scientific6 `; [% P, x; V E8 e; {+ Y
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific( s+ O; J) d/ g8 h
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
% i0 M( d* B$ `! s, zestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
- F" _# i- N7 [contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series6 p' d6 l; [& S/ H3 x8 Z
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
) X9 Z- f2 F6 D& f4 }Modern China.8 D% L7 H0 y( e* x w) v8 H$ v
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published+ _7 L5 I; G( Z& B- g) m6 E2 r/ z
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of9 o8 B0 I2 @+ M: M: i) z! j5 F
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
2 C3 {) T: H5 W) d1 V- g7 m7 ha lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In5 D. Y, g: a$ c6 d: \) u
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and- r( B" O0 D6 ]7 r$ a5 f
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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