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9 k4 A; Y: b9 ~+ Shttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
5 t/ x5 u: M5 b' ]' u; E- ?- sYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of: f+ T1 Q' m" i0 O+ j
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.; @, P' Q5 g% E) z
9 X# {! a" k3 q& i G# DLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of8 A$ C3 x0 D/ }$ G5 \! j
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.: e/ [; z; {4 c. o* }/ F
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
! l* ~% D# h0 ]+ Q- [& k9 gReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
( @- h. J( h) j2 W, ~: v, TPublished online 26 January 20185 H5 e$ t( x( q- z
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Abstract
1 y6 S R, u: Q# r# r2 h" OJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing' w2 z- X6 ]! K8 M* {/ A! o& o9 X+ w9 {
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The9 `5 X- V2 m3 L9 u( l
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been4 f5 ~6 J A% X# M, r3 b* V, v6 a0 l
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
, j2 A( R, x; U; s; ]1 s: X5 H. xonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific% \- g: q" f9 ]9 m4 {
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
7 Q2 h) x. M6 F% u8 x: nto the standardization of the scientific terminology
- s% L6 Y7 m$ ]. w( Q, Q( S. \translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
) Y* F+ o0 m, ]! A$ Oscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
" m3 X, }3 |2 f0 `( j* Pand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
5 \9 o w5 N) f7 p9 Pstandardization of the scientific terminology translation
( x" j9 `& o+ \in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien' b( N( ?; K# `. ]
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
/ q5 m' u4 n2 a2 d* E& Cof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring" q+ k6 T& g( _; T+ w8 v& Y
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way m: `( Q3 D7 E4 H$ E7 ?, h/ x2 g* ~
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and1 Y' _# X( i5 W1 [1 g% _7 H7 i1 [# D
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a& D0 d8 R9 u' l" e1 n
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
) H) d8 ?0 Q5 O0 Z! f4 P# sterminology.0 q5 }5 h/ f# H% ~' y$ t8 @6 P; Y; @
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;1 P+ v9 d# a( c$ Q8 b8 M& g
Standardization of terminology translation
* i% ]3 M0 k& t0 ?1 w' y+ ?Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to& W2 x5 C1 [# Q& K
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern7 P( I& i* I5 S
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
( z/ ]# K' K' z$ p# B. b% i" Mfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
, _, J7 `% m# X6 r: v6 MDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213 Y) y7 U' S; J
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INTRODUCTION3 b/ H/ K' K% E$ c/ c
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
4 n; N+ S5 r/ za great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
7 [; Y; b4 t# J! C$ ` ` f7 U7 PDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to& I" A% ~9 y! B* f D, F
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of( L* Y3 @# L" n, R( l- @; p) a
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
* Q1 w# D+ y8 K2 C% @; ^9 z( iby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as7 o m- h7 y" O6 T2 h% I/ f* U3 [
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
) B. J* \2 y/ W ~% L, Zhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-- e. S; W% O5 m% X* W
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
: \3 Q* Q& F3 Uworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
$ a1 Z8 y4 j2 k5 @) fFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
/ z# m; } I, ?( D: y4 J, yNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
2 q7 f Q% f; w1 B+ e1 qto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
- x# Q4 {* W* G M& D# d2 ywould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,/ B/ \0 I' Y, n# G- p$ S) z. R
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,6 @( J, l& ^6 D* S
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
) q( E$ v5 Y) K4 w2 ?books that made him the most productive one among the8 X V: ^, Z& p7 K
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
" f- a, I+ U2 n* a# T8 z. d6 j# Qtranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
! t _( B1 ?& ], S$ {. k, wnoble work which could help accelerate the process of. n; m/ u0 Z3 S/ I: T+ g/ s) H
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).5 w" D7 K( h1 _+ c0 g
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
4 `# J- d; o4 o! I, B5 k0 xalso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
# e# N6 e: z! s3 Escience and the standardization of translated scientific
& [5 o, {2 ~, h3 b/ Tterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
: n; N$ s; P6 o$ D8 J4 A3 h7 wmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the0 d( V$ ]* q: C% P' |
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another1 p5 r3 V. i( d5 F& X5 I' J) j, S9 o3 n
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
* x, u( N/ }: a t) u# y! l$ Rof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
" |- e9 a6 E& `& R4 r4 ?Modern China.* x; D- D" U6 |3 ^, s9 _
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
, M) _- r; J5 Z! a8 {& c' yThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
& b5 k o0 Q9 i3 M' r# k2 |travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
6 \* @* @6 U# y' Q8 U& j# ba lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
+ {+ d) o- R' v' RJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and# {1 ~- \0 y# j4 V* L( T
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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