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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688% y- a+ |' b6 W" g
- v- w$ V5 }9 D/ r' pJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
3 O6 X# ?% E: S y0 \5 xYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
$ {0 c* ~; h+ b; h& k' }! ZFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
# m, U5 P! z2 r( W1 J
F9 j$ H5 K+ oLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of5 s+ R. ?) I5 S. o1 G- ~
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
7 Q! a1 R# i$ Y" L3 a0 @9 K5 f' x6 l: F) `, [
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .- f5 ?2 f' q; Z2 i$ @, W
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
" H' K6 o; L! K1 f$ N- IPublished online 26 January 2018
v, ?. n" k- b) Z1 P" _: `% ?, ]+ V
9 d; O% u. o: _Abstract/ d$ c" a5 W$ p. y
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
8 g+ d/ l" \* r6 Z) X# V" Y- VDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
$ |( p( b/ W3 ^0 wTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
/ d, q* l7 B- w' _/ Y* w7 qengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
( o9 p6 p7 O$ y: ]only having translated a great deal of Western scientific0 h7 G y# D1 e; I$ @$ w/ p
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
( ?9 P% b. y+ B4 m {: Sto the standardization of the scientific terminology
6 i W/ T$ }# z7 J1 k# n' l. V G1 Qtranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s! d) ~; ?9 J: }6 d
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,- c' S. V/ | |5 ?0 B
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the# j H' o: z' m. w: f8 _7 O9 E
standardization of the scientific terminology translation( ]' o- v x( J, V U- g0 A* s
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
% x- S2 A3 T1 S2 ?. H; ohe established had helped greatly with the popularization' }2 ]$ F; r/ C5 U8 `
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring. W+ m% N" r. m8 y
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way' W$ M& @3 z5 R% X, Q
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and: I% }& l- o" o6 h) s
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a' R; M3 e& o- J
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific |+ S% r7 ]! F g6 W( ~3 l
terminology.+ k) }' B$ }4 ~
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
% _7 k$ o1 v+ z8 X- N: NStandardization of terminology translation
3 B4 z# j$ w) X3 NYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
; H9 t2 x5 ^* w3 J. @% DStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern {6 m* Q( O. [! v& o, d
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available$ E8 j6 v1 z* q+ b' [
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102137 h: I0 ]$ P9 v+ n; m
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/102136 e9 E6 C1 `) ?% A" O+ R
" d# W& [' z0 q# i* k- @6 r
g0 e D+ X3 d' S0 t X; o# ]4 KINTRODUCTION# k m6 b" K0 P& Y' G9 Z/ \$ s
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and& x) [& E& v/ D5 B' @& ]$ F$ v$ d" ]
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
; T% n& \2 V2 _+ M5 s- f9 t. d& DDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to: `: N; b: w2 V4 d
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
9 d' |4 ~9 p5 L1 h; J% ?St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
; j" O# c$ E6 S/ ?. X2 E6 Iby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
- a3 H1 ]. Y* X' M. }an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on5 k2 [$ J. [# U2 F! U
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-9 q. h/ i" K5 O% o6 f
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
1 a# q, a) a% l+ Bworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,7 R0 j% ?2 C- v3 L
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
- U, T( E+ e* t9 _Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated7 `! F* ^# L( Q3 l0 p
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant1 k( Y1 e! O" w. p/ L
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
4 i" X z9 Z' c$ c& I+ arevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,5 q# N$ Q( h( i, M0 h
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
2 F1 f" B5 d1 c) _ i- zbooks that made him the most productive one among the
8 D. L7 r+ ?) ?) Lforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
9 T% } o. Z+ y: D; `translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
1 g1 ], f3 c' g. t! _! jnoble work which could help accelerate the process of
0 {+ f' k$ A" C6 Z0 p" f3 x% speople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).5 n) n, f3 t* z& |8 b' Z
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
. `9 o# D* t" Y& h2 s2 D$ halso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western6 p( r6 q& T( d) S/ s+ N. A
science and the standardization of translated scientific: v ~6 R# j2 V% ^
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific" I; K% X3 d6 a3 R- ^1 y& A
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the1 f9 N* W" a7 M# W" ^. K* D
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
9 r! r( A" _0 X t$ Xcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
$ H0 a+ l: E* A8 u& M% f% `of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
& e3 k9 d" }5 b/ |, I4 s; A9 jModern China.3 _/ ^( J2 \( Q% K1 g* S$ q
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
8 B( I( s u, u5 nThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of! O3 ?" [% x7 U. B3 @! T
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
( G2 e8 U* P3 {7 y7 L; I0 c5 _a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In0 p, `. l1 |& o: J8 \3 d) ~+ o6 U
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
* b- y$ x" M. @7 N) |: B" wTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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