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& a& \6 U0 n: u5 a; h: Y% Chttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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3 W5 [5 U7 a* E) Y+ Y* l% S) rJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China+ r9 q4 Y; }* S+ d& w9 `
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of6 \% u/ n, u7 w( I; M0 d8 q7 x
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.3 r: w) {* U t G- u2 J& @* t
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of' D! v/ @* d1 r7 i: _
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.% d! x# p% U1 p# j4 Y* I
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
3 _* _+ |& y2 J! MReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20184 V! _; J( K8 z
Published online 26 January 2018" B5 Q, }# e. T4 H9 |% M
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Abstract( M; `, h ?$ V; h g }
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
. I f# w7 [2 p- u2 y& k, \/ dDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
) h5 \5 X: ^' P# Y0 hTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been8 r: t- ]/ f. v
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not7 d i) C1 i& W( [
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
, P9 }$ v0 H& e" J, w% N& r6 Nworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly* i: [; J) w8 I E- A
to the standardization of the scientific terminology( |- h `( P6 O
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
# s0 I. A% }8 Bscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,8 P! G' U+ Q7 P( O% f4 ]
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the3 E [2 O9 ~: J
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
5 u0 H5 {( z- [: Min Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
1 i# y1 ]9 o( A5 U0 D3 z) ohe established had helped greatly with the popularization
+ @* B9 _) G5 l: U' Y5 y9 r; _of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring! w1 J. N1 V' a/ E0 f) ~
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
3 a- Q9 \& ~9 A# v3 @) nfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
1 p* Y, f4 c3 g5 ]* vthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
5 H% e$ ?7 G3 F; N# }7 \great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
# ]- o! _/ S t7 e1 Sterminology.
" _6 Y6 V2 }! r2 h) SKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
' B9 H, _) k1 R- y: _+ M' O( AStandardization of terminology translation H" D* M+ z' |8 K' j! F6 y
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to }" n4 a0 e3 I" a
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
2 R0 N2 H- P! ]- o5 e: FChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
* Z1 \( V' C6 }5 Rfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213+ v, ]4 K$ I9 w
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION
6 v* N; d; _2 w3 U! x1 m. EJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and8 R) q; |# g2 X
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).2 A# d* Z/ [& Z+ d' S; S/ e+ n
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
) c! _. @; `6 M9 BHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
% S W& {/ k& m! P+ w$ |& H) q$ ASt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
$ d1 `7 g; _: Q, u/ mby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as8 p# Z) s3 b G4 q& T
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
$ {+ ?0 B- p) ?his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
" H! e+ }& v4 Q. ^. L% ~- r8 ]1 f2 j1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific: K/ y+ R* d3 x( Q7 P0 C
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,0 E# Y \/ S' D" \" @- r6 p0 V
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
) K, `% C l* r6 K$ tNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
. G" M4 T1 W) t* @to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
, y7 y+ E _2 i4 e& gwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,4 \5 |+ _% N, E. `( [$ W' B
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,7 X$ |: Z, f9 L( m
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
: J3 X# i: x9 `& N( v E2 |" Rbooks that made him the most productive one among the
1 p; m9 x7 Y6 P% w, N% nforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
8 o( r+ Y9 f! ^translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a# W1 l( K8 Q1 Z1 G
noble work which could help accelerate the process of: |+ o9 @: v7 I! E+ q
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).. a0 G+ k+ f5 k: r
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer4 m ~4 N! ?' L. s0 l# s3 K
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
, I1 j. W; G2 d1 [) r( ]$ Pscience and the standardization of translated scientific
0 J! x5 ?, k( N. r5 Iterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific' K/ Z+ }) z, [! F: r* C4 H2 I! i
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the7 T# s4 _$ D+ A' R$ Z
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another# ^9 l' p$ ^; o3 k, [; h, d
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series2 [' ~$ G" J& y4 M+ x, h
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in/ E& d3 Z1 Q' \) n. Y
Modern China.
6 [# I J6 L+ c$ p8 p0 tAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
# f/ Q5 z5 P4 _; oThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
. G0 v6 O# K/ \: Mtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing2 X- k6 {1 l$ A6 T$ ?
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In J/ Q7 T1 k* e' W4 y
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and2 W! W/ d8 J* Z* e
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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