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How to figure a home's fundamental value$ Z, N3 i( K; X$ j
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.2 W7 I( ~% C- q$ t
5 ^: E9 e1 {. m) h- x/ {Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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4 ~& L- b! k9 ? G% y( P P6 \Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.7 Q- Y0 P; o- W/ S( W
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:$ }$ L4 i1 s! D/ H
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.3 G% q( B7 v4 m5 h$ S4 A
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.( k5 O& c2 L- _6 m8 V! \
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.' L, [9 F9 \; T# K
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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3 ?8 J+ l% r* k1 p' Q2 z Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
, ^' ^1 u% B+ H* p Avg. 1988-2000 2001
* a q7 Q2 p( A( ]5 qBoston 20.5 30.2 3 Q* P/ d8 k$ ~) s3 _
San Diego 22.8 29.7 9 D) o/ j9 ]' X
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 # @& r- J' n! @7 L, p. L. K. j
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 6 @) n' O; c: H f& `. G/ y
Seattle 20.4 25
) d5 ]4 |/ W. b5 KDenver 17.7 23.7
; Z, z6 `; D8 `3 A# dNew York 21.2 22.5
) c8 E5 m! S) Y0 BChicago 17.2 20.8
: I9 g; S; w5 c# G' L9 p; RWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.# L) j3 g9 h) n1 o$ I, w6 a
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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