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谈英语俚语! x& B1 W/ ?0 F) U+ L1 f5 p4 T
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯- z0 d/ f1 P z2 I2 E9 @
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。: t! B: n e% x2 d0 k
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!- `. ^7 R: t/ S' j# j- C: v
* l [9 P+ o/ S(1) empty suit:* U; ]3 r Q2 o b% G$ T" {
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。% \8 T$ _5 R' l% o4 B
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)
1 t8 A+ h% w2 d7 R8 T* ? L* C例如:
: M2 R' S+ s) Y+ E) X; nAn empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
0 _- A% I! J) e, V(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)% Z6 K( |5 [5 A" I# s
Mr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.2 b7 Q! l4 A" ~0 P2 S. N0 k& }
(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)
7 K& A Z4 V T; f& d# R3 N) i2 r虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
* j3 v" Y5 _2 ]8 J% AThe company is filled with a lot of empty suits.. d0 K- E& _3 w; D' T4 i0 {. y, C$ s$ j! r
(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人): d& Q$ z$ Y* S7 T4 A M2 C* {
(2) fair-haired boy:
9 p! m3 R$ [$ M; o( I指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)1 x X; U: o2 D5 ~+ O
(通常用单数,当名词用)
: u* f; ?9 W0 q+ W例如:
. J6 j' _& e9 l/ k' Z r7 RMr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.6 U8 ?: p A. w% P3 b& L! f
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。); H3 F+ H1 |9 o) Q
Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.8 f/ Y7 p. T# @9 c" b8 G* ?
(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)1 d5 n* S1 h- R- p
有时也可用复数:% t' ~% E: a4 r! ~1 z3 {1 v
Mr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.
7 |9 B; w( N | a8 K% l(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
% |! y$ w I; X4 i( W% cFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.+ Z3 L1 v( P% n+ C; P
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)" t B: h6 p: M
(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)5 ?5 L6 j+ l- r; ~5 q
(3) fishing expedition:' f- ], b9 p% }4 [( J0 E7 z
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)
& b% p/ t3 g7 a. S1 U(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)
, I+ d7 n% m2 L# h0 C& A9 C" M, f例如:# A: T; \: E+ Z: ?6 h$ ?
The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.$ J0 L! g1 w; D$ n
(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)
' Q2 l8 i0 F+ ~2 sThe police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.
% ?6 A* {9 Y: Y6 _) a# P(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。): j t% y y3 e' c! I
(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
2 b6 U4 w" Q9 N% u! Q( Z& h% FThe reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
4 r1 ]& D# T4 ?6 W- f(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
7 b8 z8 C- |/ h8 N6 z偶尔也有人用复数:
; _7 Y. [* r# d, d1 Q ZSeveral fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.
3 l0 l C* c& ?% N _- Z& ^(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。): W" w" I$ m+ r' t+ t6 |8 k: q
(4) filthy rich:
0 y& r1 N, o% e: x意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)1 c+ E& t( ]0 B/ S7 C. t# s5 }3 ^
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱) {' }( y( `. r" k' q. @
多半当形容词用。例如:1 k' ^ U7 V6 j6 [+ d1 J3 x! b
With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
9 F% {( V3 d. H8 w5 n7 V/ r& Y( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
7 ]! u% ?+ N5 \: h( K: ^( g) T4 T9 vDespite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.% ?( X+ |' _, ]' n! K
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)) L& L3 g3 _4 Q) J/ b9 F4 b$ c1 ] E
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
{5 q. B4 m. F(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)4 L/ T9 x! P3 @7 r2 l4 l# I! k# o) n
Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.
! \7 @6 K( W; F(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)! N2 ^4 a" { K0 `
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
2 B# P) Z5 L' _ y% P. L(5) fairy godmother: M" K4 H: [6 Z! e: W+ q7 U
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)
% l+ g) Y* f5 { \, J(多半指有钱的女人)' w" E, k9 x+ l/ }' J& R
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
' \! U" q2 I) D, X7 h5 t3 ~# NMr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
/ h2 X, ` n1 z: J* [; d8 N(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)2 g W/ U+ X: Q# ?, e4 T
After lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.5 T( i. j$ s" I, c4 A) Z. _% w
(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)- t' b/ n; u: y
有时也用复数:; _4 c7 L% P: Y
Only business women can act as fairy godmothers./ j! b, r: ^. B/ R& ~' d: B
(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)
1 m5 C( R- {& `" _4 `) pIn Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
; B% G, G1 Y9 s) o& o8 a: @9 ~$ o(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)- q7 f" t# Z6 F+ [( R1 F' k- s
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! B$ v$ B. }. _9 p6)eye opener:, U4 u7 d5 B; V5 [; h
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)0 H+ t- w% q7 F! d
(当名词用;通常只用单数)
* _0 k4 D* @1 Z, S9 C3 `5 Q例如:
/ e8 h* w% y* T7 y2 `! K# zYour wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.1 q/ a/ M( e7 Z) L/ [4 H( _
(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
3 F: o. H6 Y. z( l$ jMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.+ {1 O- [; d, C7 F. Y# o
(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)
, a1 P4 n7 o0 k* [4 {! oThe popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
* S4 J h7 ]' G5 M" ]* |(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
! J$ t& R: x' O% CSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.* N! m5 c# l5 Z+ [; a1 o# u( T
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)0 y& ?" i L7 t3 d, z: X
(7) hot dog:/ Z& D' y2 }7 C1 a! I$ L
指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)
5 s; M; l' ^1 K( E# p0 ?例如:3 W4 G: ^ w# S4 K
Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
) c# D R% C5 |4 |5 F( |9 I(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
) g) s4 h/ Q# K1 m(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
; i8 U+ n$ c3 L; n3 D9 X7 y% jIn front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
+ m. M+ B1 B7 Z5 Q" f7 Z, |(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)
* C w* n+ \$ `! Z' _1 J3 h(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
' W2 M0 o+ R! y" q/ `During the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.( J6 _% S9 Q+ ~ w6 @* J9 b
(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
, _" a* H; I) E也指真正的热狗食物:! _4 Z# r, P* N
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.
0 b9 n* W5 D( r% r3 ]6 N, K0 [(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。): s1 M. _3 w# j6 n* X; H/ [
也可表达欣赏的心情:
+ L/ _1 D/ V% u. h& Z$ XHot dog ! What great news for me.
) Z j, Y* a, J& L% q(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
5 F1 ^8 A# A" @* g(8)eager beaver:# v1 K9 C) y0 L5 Z. h! c
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)( Y$ ~. q J* ]- Y! R! U
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)& a, t2 b" g8 J4 g% C' }" G, l
(当名词用,可指男女)' G( j n" t9 n; K( q: [
例如:8 e! e+ o0 Q8 @: P1 b$ D: K o
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.
U* K$ \2 R% e. ?( C: s2 ?(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)
3 x0 }% m* M `% k m# \* IBeing an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.5 l1 z2 P+ O0 _% D& t
(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)
) v2 U! R* d% b' S' KDoes Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?
/ h3 V" {3 K4 Q, H7 _! P(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
' w' C- x9 P- z% I& oYou may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
# t: N+ u. W( a(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)1 W" U5 C8 V* v( n( ~/ Q
(9)doubting Thomas:
1 G# |/ Q0 F5 {* j0 |这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)
: B0 K& w$ M( k9 w(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)
. x( x+ T: h0 y2 n1 g1 D(当名词用)! D2 H, Y1 O% L, X, \: F8 ]* o
例如:3 u. a. m/ Y/ K U
I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.
+ @* a/ f/ D- X4 o(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。). {7 z9 B1 o" r% U5 r' N! \
There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.
i. C* n0 U: U7 B8 V' h3 ^8 Z$ _(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)$ E' p# q2 S( o# _0 ^9 O
也可用复数:2 M! H: k0 L: S2 B& |
My friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.
# D' S5 L6 g ]( V- v(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
# H6 x& n. f/ EIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
" h I# s! S& @8 g- g, W(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)
) f! q, ~. {5 }8 C2 `/ y- p(10)dragon lady:# S' f5 R0 ~/ R% w# n# S; O
指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
& ~5 {. j% y0 C4 F; N例如:4 W% ]0 Z6 G- i* g6 K
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
. |8 ]8 e6 H7 \9 N p6 f# z(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)) q7 ?& a$ {" }# }# U+ `( \
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.
) c" u& Z) M8 [( [/ ~: \ e% y(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)
2 u% p# b& Z" H+ Q8 LShould your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?( i! E9 s# {+ s" E3 s5 D
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)# Y; b4 ]( C$ S8 Z# p
也可用复数:0 N9 U; D, Z6 P, u1 M3 \
There may be many dragon ladies in our community." ~6 s- S- u) k* M3 S: ?4 h
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)1 a6 I* D) J1 {5 M2 h2 d7 M
注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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