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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 . S) V) t$ A2 y3 d3 }) d0 H
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- C, r4 e E8 T$ U" e7 {0 A fCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?/ {& ]4 g/ ]. F0 d$ T1 f, a! x
3 a% g4 U1 G9 ~1 ]+ tBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.* j* A* E f# K3 e @# n( K6 b5 ~
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.8 d3 r$ u% j+ J" _0 G
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.6 k* ]& o% V: _. b" K' i' R
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
: U# y9 w' ]; W" p8 c& i: aThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
) w' F2 d0 [( W; q bThe country codes used are :
3 `5 e5 g5 c7 ^2 C4 N) }# ^: o0 q8 |
8 N9 {) h) ]1 C' y6 FCODE \COUNTRY
; Y+ e) E. E- @1 ~8 h/ d7 A( K00-13 USA & Canada
$ ~/ K1 q) Y* o$ q( y$ R1 q; d3 Y20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)8 p" V: V0 V- o" d' X
30-37 France
) D* }$ E$ e4 d( F+ |380 Bulgaria1 G- \& g5 B# k6 H, B+ Z& t
383 Slovenia
, M. G' Z6 q- Q' X/ R5 r385 Croatia! I) [5 T& K" {/ `) U
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
, v) } `+ _ a, z' l8 ] g; g1 }& a400-440 Germany M7 J5 g! ^! C# N
45 Japan) l2 k* m: @4 `
46 Russian Federation* d: V( G, X& Y; G" H5 d
471 Taiwan4 j$ W1 ~. @: k F
474 Estonia4 B, D L- D) j7 s
475 Latvia* Z5 ~) m* ]2 M) V4 G
476 Azerbaijan
. I) q. X! b4 s: @! g) C477 Lithuania) d* P' J8 b4 Z, _
478 Uzbekistan+ @3 z7 q( x- I1 ~7 e/ |
479 Sri Lanka
/ I/ U% L* w# V+ ^% E0 [6 Q480 Philippines; {" C' c9 c4 K, v* t7 n
481 Belarus0 L! p6 d! ~( |
482 Ukraine
& A/ r$ m/ d3 g" f484 Moldova7 z C1 J" S9 A6 z# X- l
485 Armenia3 w1 n8 X$ ^8 E( X6 E8 Q, [6 Y2 T
486 Georgia( s. k* E4 \) E- z
487 Kazakhstan8 v4 c _3 H# f0 g
489 Hong Kong
8 I5 L- j* }0 A, a. _/ X- S49 Japan
& B# ]4 b* R h4 I- g0 b50 UK
" K9 P8 Y- O& Y9 k& T% k/ \520 Greece4 W5 i, V# V& L7 t
528 Lebanon
6 \( D* u7 \, J- y; f( G529 Cyprus& y/ x/ J; a5 i$ o3 G
531 Macedonia. c: n% y6 e6 ~4 T5 S' y1 _
535 Malta
" `1 O* I Z r" ?7 D539 Ireland
6 A& T2 @, V6 t- ~54 Belgium & Luxembourg+ y8 h+ I5 V1 k; n
560 Portugal
3 t" i5 J0 ?" W* x; c1 S$ E569 Iceland
- Q- z( v$ H; d57 Denmark; ~# w; k8 {3 s
590 Poland$ o/ _1 g: w5 P+ _6 s
594 Romania
3 `1 |- o. e7 i" g) v. Q) r599 Hungary( D; M( {: k: Q9 L8 }
600-601 South Africa. m* J) h2 E+ i- u- p, u9 V$ h- n# c6 e
609 Mauritius: x9 P+ P: @2 C0 Z: e! F) i
611 Morocco
+ D3 j2 B9 Q7 S3 Z$ f7 S. k9 `6 C613 Algeria
/ {3 V/ o8 H4 d! V3 ^619 Tunisia
( ~2 B+ S: b3 H- d. X; n) E, P621 Syria
0 ]( t1 A3 ?1 Y A622 Egypt
$ b% M) v( I7 V624 Libya: G$ {6 j% B: h1 q
625 Jordan
) K; Y: q) u" O5 p" N% W0 ?626 Iran9 z4 C9 F, Y5 O: k2 c: |
627 Kuwait- H1 l" W! l6 t0 d
628 Saudi Arabia) ]3 K7 h) |: v$ D/ E' x) J
629 United Arab Emirates
8 s0 d6 O6 d: m5 I+ [5 E( u' q64 Finland
- C$ h% n; b6 e% z) N690-692 China
" Z) @6 h$ H. m0 B {" T+ d70 Norway
$ G" y8 y( F9 Q7 M3 r, s6 R. h- V729 Israel1 F/ s, Y S! c
73 Sweden
& }, W& y: E7 _; Q0 e740 Guatemala
7 S7 W5 o2 L3 v7 E) C741 El Salvador7 `$ D) N) P! }; d" n& ?! z
742 Honduras
9 V3 X' m& p* e0 ^743 Nicaragua6 ]; F" c; N/ i
744 Costa Rica. a! N7 N% k# \, e4 m6 [2 Z' W/ o
745 Panama; i' G. c% w: ]) j8 I; k- f# f5 _% s3 K
746 Dominican Republic8 [2 B' m& L" l) A0 a
750 Mexico( a' M3 G5 h. g* z1 [& h
759 Venezuela
6 I; a% }$ F B6 P% h2 |, B76 Switzerland
3 ]. Q( V$ u* a# O& V770 Colombia* `% k- g8 F( o/ u' M7 N- v/ a$ R
773 Uruguay9 P5 }4 J: v/ {5 m" ^, _9 F2 b D6 D
775 Peru
% p' k- J$ b$ y& X2 \. i6 w, P N3 L777 Bolivia: b/ ~2 ^2 P* z7 D
779 Argentina7 K! E4 a& O+ M" E4 q% r4 h
780 Chile
% B/ ^* m- ]1 V! T" g* g784 Paraguay7 I' }: T- ?5 f- N4 i
785 Peru$ @6 B5 Y1 c: l8 o4 H
786 Ecuador+ \* T6 Q+ o) Z+ `& F6 G0 l- O9 |
789 Brazil2 T3 ]* o2 t' @, {' ^9 K, _; q
80-83 Italy0 }0 v% t) N$ @$ b X6 E# x8 q4 b
84 Spain7 k# H8 K, ~" d8 ]6 E8 p9 p; D
850 Cuba0 Y Y$ f( K. W) R$ r
858 Slovakia
7 O- w( B+ ^7 t! l7 z/ M5 H% n859 Czech Republic/ V$ S, b% r/ P& T* M. _
860 Serbia & Montenegro" H$ ?5 b* m4 |) |5 r& ~) i
869 Turkey
% } }" n' c/ ]) }6 r' `6 C, N' @87 Netherlands
( G1 x6 }2 b; K7 i/ ^ Z) @880 South Korea
" ~- K, J: P F: X" e885 Thailand
# p* s3 p( C9 k0 [888 Singapore3 M& ?3 F6 e, W. @* H
890 India9 ] v% P0 a7 g7 j5 V
893 Vietnam* E$ j6 o. I7 ^2 s3 o( a
899 Indonesia
. W3 ^* g# P0 @90 -91 Austria
% A: f5 d- |7 E+ c0 b, ~93 Australia
9 W2 C( Q! p& ]! \3 h3 X$ a94 New Zealand* A7 [/ B( c h/ C1 W
955 Malaysia
5 q/ R3 c8 T& ^958 Macau
% j7 e' w9 I3 @, k977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
( e+ I. F! A2 D3 y& v! e4 m n978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
/ Y' P/ W0 H# l Y979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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; z; ~( h, j' D( w" J MMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm {: B4 p8 @7 a4 i
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