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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 % A; c3 V: k$ X
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; V' b& i+ z; ~# r2 U& nCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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0 d4 W6 \+ n6 w# p( ?: fBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
- B7 t- C0 E. hBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum., p0 m& g9 q, }- B
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
" ~6 ]# L2 n, O# K' l6 \$ iCurrently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.2 \4 w, Z. n/ I6 B. l0 m
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
$ d+ ]& y6 L' t5 qThe country codes used are :
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CODE \COUNTRY
% T* h$ T5 Q) c0 k' d00-13 USA & Canada) L1 H2 H/ F' n" @8 M' P
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
( q q! e: R$ s# f' T$ L30-37 France4 u0 `7 V# ?5 z, U
380 Bulgaria( B5 @. h- o/ L3 H$ P& z- r
383 Slovenia
% f% s4 x" Z' p8 H2 K385 Croatia+ {' p8 j; v9 Z: ^$ F3 `
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
; {% W; ^6 h8 o( f. `4 { G400-440 Germany
: J, D6 \8 L# U+ c' G# ^% R45 Japan
' L: E/ s6 Q: v7 \2 Y6 [8 h46 Russian Federation; R/ C% f7 I" r; u P% C
471 Taiwan6 ~; _0 X( n( u2 h7 ?8 ]4 H2 Z7 ]
474 Estonia0 |4 [; h: N; V5 F+ b
475 Latvia
3 f$ x- `; v0 P/ a476 Azerbaijan
, B) N4 _& V3 ~7 u1 C7 a7 `/ P( V477 Lithuania' l$ g: n" @$ ^ w
478 Uzbekistan- A6 [9 K$ a5 B! I& p
479 Sri Lanka( [% k: j: w! @! @
480 Philippines
+ i/ e" V0 M1 [481 Belarus
3 L u; }8 n" v0 j# I& P482 Ukraine
* ~6 O C O! a( N$ | B( o8 g' L484 Moldova
+ j- T* i2 o& f+ X ^485 Armenia
" b# b/ l3 g. X3 H3 R486 Georgia
1 f. i3 `5 W2 t |2 R487 Kazakhstan
/ S% {0 X$ v0 l3 A7 Q# {- c1 P" {489 Hong Kong
5 J- m2 D T d2 o49 Japan
7 R' G3 H% L' {8 f* f50 UK
0 N4 S$ Z0 W. A7 z* Z. z2 _ B520 Greece
9 w8 R0 E% X( p" {, k! `528 Lebanon
, c5 e" L2 ]: G, I. D529 Cyprus a: L; ~0 t' L5 A0 t
531 Macedonia
: h c( l9 q& Q4 z$ j* r535 Malta+ x8 q% o8 ~! x6 W6 K
539 Ireland, w& J; t) t, q7 o' G, d
54 Belgium & Luxembourg
/ Q9 r, ]9 i6 q0 C& l0 | l: x560 Portugal3 h$ B$ F7 D% R3 U- b, @6 Q
569 Iceland
* h1 w, [0 S! Q57 Denmark
; O& i7 A, E$ u. Q590 Poland: g& n; g8 K" `
594 Romania9 L ]3 l! y, C( t: g* s* d/ j
599 Hungary
2 x* N+ `7 \. R- E) n' [* {5 a600-601 South Africa8 M" |, O! y) Y" g
609 Mauritius
3 u* _5 e8 O+ n- t# C611 Morocco# H- A/ m# q, i9 @4 m( ?- F
613 Algeria
6 y ^+ i. Y0 h. k# l$ q- `% V619 Tunisia
+ E `- G1 O/ r: p. l621 Syria
" P9 o/ _# o# ]4 ]6 y622 Egypt& g% o# a; m/ M- d8 U; x
624 Libya* q& G1 E5 Y2 ^3 X6 k
625 Jordan
" \* _4 a0 q4 I4 o9 w626 Iran
/ U) |( k% F, _& c0 x8 j+ t627 Kuwait
1 M! ^; Q# [0 f0 _* d4 `& y8 g628 Saudi Arabia3 [4 w$ ^0 B( w7 x0 O
629 United Arab Emirates
1 k9 |4 j- @& c* {2 B, e6 E: \64 Finland5 J! z' g2 ^6 G0 o! Q
690-692 China* H% H4 h U' U( ]$ m
70 Norway
/ E1 P2 e* n/ F729 Israel, w. q( s& T5 q1 {* {; ^& V/ [; y3 W
73 Sweden1 H/ e1 w2 O9 C5 ?, P. N4 g
740 Guatemala
: `7 l$ K% |7 l4 L1 M& z741 El Salvador
1 v9 Z, I) _: h742 Honduras# s3 @1 x* O, G- Q" h, j* i3 n. ^
743 Nicaragua
, s3 }3 b: N. i1 B4 u" B. r) q7 v7 ^744 Costa Rica
' v6 }8 C; ~% Y9 v& C, Q745 Panama
* x, Q `- N- `' k6 |746 Dominican Republic
: O* L4 e7 K! K+ }/ u5 d4 Q' A750 Mexico/ l% V f& `( e' ?& r& D6 W
759 Venezuela2 V3 Y n3 C# {. C1 C: [: C
76 Switzerland0 O6 F$ j5 H) W) h
770 Colombia# s) v8 N+ f! {
773 Uruguay8 H- C$ C: _5 i& L' X
775 Peru/ P8 h* s9 `, ^$ n( n6 P
777 Bolivia3 K" e' o. A1 l6 s1 ?* Q3 Z* R
779 Argentina- t' Q( L3 I" ?; P/ |6 V, E7 B
780 Chile
2 i$ {% f% w* W x- z" V/ T' e' Q4 [- h784 Paraguay; t) T, u5 O* a) i) ]9 m5 r0 @
785 Peru
# W4 F3 e# l5 X" b5 p+ T7 S8 Z786 Ecuador
! l8 q1 j( t" F) |789 Brazil
! U' ~ u( `& A, l80-83 Italy! b8 ~, a" J) f
84 Spain- [; ~0 s6 ^3 X q" s, t% S% s: }3 J" R
850 Cuba" E8 z/ T4 |+ m
858 Slovakia* r* a; v' `' {& K
859 Czech Republic( _, l4 F$ c( _$ k
860 Serbia & Montenegro
2 q/ ~) z1 m3 D" T ~! B$ t869 Turkey2 ~% i* D' N0 W3 X# ^- v! Y4 h# c
87 Netherlands W$ f2 c+ L. K, ?. E" k
880 South Korea$ T% v: H. @+ L. N6 k3 o; x
885 Thailand
7 @# w! G5 ^, V' }888 Singapore0 K+ y0 S5 D) b$ H% O
890 India
, H S3 x3 ]9 f5 [9 w7 A: ~1 c; K893 Vietnam8 r) d# z% x& S% U' Z/ U5 x
899 Indonesia
8 @( b3 E2 A; M; U0 c7 W: g/ z90 -91 Austria
$ R) P1 c. s, Y: u9 T" ^93 Australia
9 {% [) P8 V) ?/ F8 G/ D2 p0 `94 New Zealand! W, f. I# O( f% M+ g9 M Z% ]
955 Malaysia
6 y) ~) |7 Y9 z- R958 Macau
5 [; f9 s8 M0 H C977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
9 v5 D S0 w _* {- t* T4 r978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)! h0 y( {4 I: ^2 j& W# {
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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! s, M5 P$ z1 Z5 x4 CMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm& H( W! \" g6 l5 \
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