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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 * b' N# t) c/ z# Z9 u) C
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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) k% ~7 U, ^' A6 q8 L& o ~% o @6 `Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.) [2 f; c% \) t
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
9 Z/ g7 W/ p3 K8 M0 K" K0 A4 nThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
" @4 J7 Q: t3 q; p1 K' A3 uCurrently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.& J' e7 s3 {3 f N- c
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.3 m; m$ k7 s+ E2 \+ k7 v) D
The country codes used are :) m3 s a6 p7 D7 f0 R8 B
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CODE \COUNTRY
) a, ] [/ P1 O5 D- h00-13 USA & Canada
" G. ^* X- I( `( }8 ~20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
( \9 f$ @; H L2 I! p+ Z- s* W( Q6 V30-37 France
3 ]3 k, A1 Z0 S% D( O. B/ M+ m380 Bulgaria: y7 l- a4 q9 l2 x" J$ x1 t5 x/ j
383 Slovenia" T1 F6 u+ |" C9 m8 U- ]/ h
385 Croatia( z/ [# I+ _$ i. t6 V! G
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
; q, {) V7 L- I7 j4 Z3 [3 q400-440 Germany# q5 q- U% d9 K+ M9 X: F5 z
45 Japan
4 ?3 i: j" j) V) [3 \, i5 [* T! z! ]46 Russian Federation8 @9 k3 t6 R% D# W% l X
471 Taiwan' h+ ?5 L& _1 l# I9 `
474 Estonia5 L. Z! o1 c" M1 t2 t" K y
475 Latvia
% r- y$ j1 _: G4 |8 y- |7 u, T476 Azerbaijan$ b. ~0 c: w; b5 V' ^4 O# K
477 Lithuania
, }9 ^! P9 k& x! M; j478 Uzbekistan
8 X6 H; ^/ U1 g5 r( Q/ j- E479 Sri Lanka
% P; ^$ W& f r1 g* u4 p" n1 D480 Philippines" D% z, m D6 o! f# Z: b
481 Belarus
# e$ `8 @+ X& ^- @482 Ukraine3 F0 o# t3 x% h7 {9 ?/ j$ R6 ^5 f! ~- }/ X
484 Moldova
/ }; |. M3 s% A8 Q485 Armenia
* e! X9 k: y, [7 p486 Georgia. l3 O5 g% t! d* c! v9 _ s0 K
487 Kazakhstan3 z1 }( l, v7 f' P! U& `2 |
489 Hong Kong
' g2 i/ y/ D* B; y/ ?& f49 Japan
0 F) I0 g7 {2 Y& B50 UK
9 X' F) \+ V' x2 {520 Greece
1 V1 F+ b( Y$ y- B528 Lebanon1 P$ y% u" y0 a* m, H
529 Cyprus" E- p3 s' g: p6 I; E, J/ @
531 Macedonia
' N, E( C+ `% N% r- B535 Malta
9 s1 V @: d' v+ g# x. e% _539 Ireland
" e# t+ O# G) |, f" W5 B54 Belgium & Luxembourg
G* L5 Z( C: ~4 a! @ V5 ^560 Portugal: N% v( Z8 ]# M2 w5 T
569 Iceland8 O U( Q* p+ v" M
57 Denmark0 m& A) N+ C4 L' u
590 Poland
. u. k- c* D V# v P594 Romania' T! L# b. d7 _5 l: r9 p
599 Hungary9 j( X7 y5 x7 y1 V
600-601 South Africa4 q3 T) S6 L) u$ Q5 d
609 Mauritius
% P8 ~9 W+ H+ o" X: _- E* f611 Morocco3 I5 _" X7 T1 V0 ?0 ?9 a6 Y
613 Algeria
4 y, b# T( {' P+ G619 Tunisia/ ]: P, }) C. Y( q' a7 @
621 Syria
0 y: S# N C8 _3 J622 Egypt
, x( G* h$ X7 V+ [- ^624 Libya
5 v4 \- A' o) V3 K& N3 u/ W625 Jordan
) w: O. Z# B" q' n. a626 Iran
: n6 d. O+ V9 Z6 A- m5 S+ F& [7 X* z" @627 Kuwait, C, r' v% ^3 ] ?( x" g
628 Saudi Arabia( A' Y3 a' a4 K# Z0 `( ]
629 United Arab Emirates
8 ? P/ S n" D; C0 v2 K" g64 Finland
% X$ G! [; a4 }" {( _! z690-692 China
4 S9 a5 {( @9 Y6 O8 E1 d2 }70 Norway9 W$ J# v2 s2 l3 h8 E( [; `
729 Israel
' ^' h& a8 P! L& R- W8 s73 Sweden9 o% X. a. s' i' C+ X" W/ D
740 Guatemala/ N! \/ F2 n1 F8 g- w. n
741 El Salvador+ e$ N% J/ K1 C) R, a2 w3 i! B) L8 `5 o
742 Honduras
+ G; D( E v t+ x, p743 Nicaragua
! m# X* E' { ~ [744 Costa Rica' N" X; \0 \4 M9 `
745 Panama
$ l9 N" i0 o( W) C746 Dominican Republic
$ m, `2 a# R& z" r6 \# E" b/ G750 Mexico w. f% S, s* O+ I
759 Venezuela
- v/ T: \! I! U( D. q76 Switzerland
: f! b8 X$ P! q: G& E" E770 Colombia
" @8 U# }3 l h% S5 f; |3 C773 Uruguay9 I+ M j. i) Q$ _, A
775 Peru5 V1 i4 f5 ?: q8 ]/ E' k$ K
777 Bolivia4 N0 s; q3 P# U; K/ {" p) g8 Z. ^
779 Argentina
" f: L5 }* e7 F1 R) E1 T% i780 Chile
: C+ a3 N+ ^; i, T1 T# I784 Paraguay, }! e1 Y/ f" ?
785 Peru+ |% m, L% w! M# D
786 Ecuador# ], D$ I4 n* T
789 Brazil
' L" _6 H/ n, W5 T8 m* J! d( k2 ]# \, v80-83 Italy* t1 d6 C0 d' I8 b
84 Spain
% q$ d- J, v) \* l) |2 z8 `. d850 Cuba
; b9 C7 V" t- e* J858 Slovakia
" g9 J- t2 ?9 r7 Y859 Czech Republic
! `6 ]) B8 I8 R9 N4 n7 b860 Serbia & Montenegro% a2 ?' {# C( p1 P. y$ x+ o6 n
869 Turkey
1 e0 ]+ @5 t+ E- A: a3 z87 Netherlands
Z, K( o* @ n1 x; t4 H880 South Korea1 v0 t+ g: t& C, Q
885 Thailand2 J& o7 T+ [. T+ Y. b0 m. h
888 Singapore- {- m1 B0 }# L7 @
890 India1 b" @ E, G2 F# d8 c7 J- V
893 Vietnam2 ^7 D3 B. m+ o# o+ X
899 Indonesia
2 D& E% R3 m) L) k8 M90 -91 Austria
r( e, n( ^9 o9 {/ n93 Australia; g) D3 `9 t' k& x0 h( N
94 New Zealand4 p4 J. T4 u0 i, ]3 ^6 T
955 Malaysia: I* M% n0 R r0 D0 F
958 Macau+ b* s; q x% P: ]' J0 O
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
" [& `7 W3 T$ E+ H- @8 g, `4 S978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)6 o' E' Q, L+ a5 Z
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)4 v9 L4 X h! h, X) z
; f9 p3 K; T* wMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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