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+ u* Z) W' V% P( L: Q& s( l9 H5 E' v3 ] 这个全：
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+ m/ T" O2 ]5 a5 a1 XCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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$ E& @$ ~" j( R& g+ ~Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
% r# e1 y/ J2 l0 e6 V5 TBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.' ^7 N( ?7 T v4 M
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
# X R( @6 K2 l5 ?/ R6 q) O9 a: UCurrently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
, G- }! f0 k4 k8 {% a, fThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.1 C* g/ G8 L9 b: e5 n6 O
The country codes used are :
1 Z% p1 f; [( i' t7 H/ ^! j( v9 C' O ) Z+ G( e; w) A8 A* l- z
CODE \COUNTRY
" }7 S' h# U" ^+ \ Z" W9 `00-13 USA & Canada
# V" p5 M9 A1 x3 m/ b# N" n, Q20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)- z& a" Z# L7 p. b k' M1 Y2 J
30-37 France& l6 g+ }5 b+ n3 r7 E$ ?
380 Bulgaria
5 j3 K! Z( q* z9 v# C. D! z: r5 s383 Slovenia
" {9 }, b; G8 _6 C6 |& m385 Croatia
4 L. G) k; N# ` b387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
" U/ x( y9 A- y; {6 Z9 C* ^400-440 Germany) U1 M& b! O7 M8 r; N6 G2 x- l% R
45 Japan
9 f2 H+ Z% w% t- _2 j46 Russian Federation
* t% K. X* A# ~# l2 y471 Taiwan! O) u7 L+ a5 }
474 Estonia, g$ [/ ]3 y5 j \1 ]/ Y F7 Q- [
475 Latvia
. l. U# u0 d! f, i5 A476 Azerbaijan
& k2 f9 B& ]6 Q8 ]% @! r9 w# W3 Q477 Lithuania
- k- x. U& a& p" @" K0 P478 Uzbekistan; K% H& y/ i2 ^! o; r
479 Sri Lanka
6 a' c7 X" E- }7 C3 [480 Philippines
/ p2 s6 P% `& _! l( D0 g481 Belarus. z7 V1 U1 I$ x
482 Ukraine! ]% ? O8 @: T) {/ J b/ c
484 Moldova8 ^# C( N; P2 [9 k% A
485 Armenia
8 c$ W: u- J# x- \- ^1 K* _486 Georgia
7 ^& [1 Y$ p f& [6 P4 }4 i5 Y487 Kazakhstan
. V( J) F3 N& o, p& s; ~489 Hong Kong/ m. L( g3 i5 Z e
49 Japan
4 o" {% C5 _7 ~! Z- P50 UK
5 i l7 ^# P! u0 J520 Greece+ R7 w! d( X+ U5 p' e# }* ?; [; n
528 Lebanon
' s5 @; e& Y5 f, e/ w529 Cyprus
. Y" w4 c' H, B. _/ P' m531 Macedonia% c, y$ \; N% p4 p" p. o" Z' b4 w7 N
535 Malta% [( ~& w& l, W+ B! w I
539 Ireland; o$ M! q% X, @! N9 R. ]5 ?) E
54 Belgium & Luxembourg+ |3 u* |/ _- O/ Z! ^
560 Portugal+ Z/ |8 b g' Q6 S: H
569 Iceland5 F( a1 G5 n- a! R3 B
57 Denmark
" M/ q; w5 |+ |590 Poland
% R( j: X* k$ u9 c% ?594 Romania$ G7 b5 F4 F& o2 Y% f
599 Hungary
) R- L7 t1 R" u1 W$ w: g600-601 South Africa
) j* @% o$ G* y609 Mauritius3 V# D: s" m* T& n
611 Morocco, U2 P( y7 o- A0 q! f
613 Algeria
1 y$ E, @' q5 Q8 c4 C6 `. O0 K619 Tunisia5 p, b8 l% [0 l5 C) g2 _
621 Syria5 ]9 \& k( X, {9 G* L4 s; b
622 Egypt
) S1 n9 R& {* l2 N$ E; T$ J% N624 Libya- ?6 {( ^, E5 j/ G! _2 i
625 Jordan; B/ _ L, @) I. D: o" F) g4 b, z
626 Iran3 ]" M( |% C' P, M! O. Z7 z; Q7 f
627 Kuwait0 p! l' a, w' c. }: W
628 Saudi Arabia
9 A# b( ]. ?2 S/ i, k% E2 U629 United Arab Emirates
/ S' u- m. u6 y9 Y# ]1 t64 Finland3 {; l; E4 X$ L' o/ ~9 m1 S8 L
690-692 China; {2 e2 S4 a( e+ w6 {
70 Norway
/ \* o, r- B9 u; d4 A729 Israel
b' n$ \) T: Y# v# ]9 Y$ l73 Sweden% w) X$ {" ~0 S4 x- O1 _
740 Guatemala
6 G7 O( w# k1 Q9 v- r ?/ p' O5 P( O741 El Salvador
. c4 c" m+ m9 a9 Z' q0 f742 Honduras
4 C/ Z+ |2 ]- c8 W) F; O: |2 D743 Nicaragua" _: ^( g$ Z8 S& F- V6 j
744 Costa Rica
: @: L, {4 J& R2 A6 p1 A745 Panama
) D1 b( S+ i2 m$ C/ t8 A746 Dominican Republic
) n- u. W5 l! A7 R& k/ k750 Mexico: a; y4 z2 `& N. z. l
759 Venezuela8 h# f; m. }1 a2 S7 J# z3 w
76 Switzerland2 t9 z% j' S* A' J9 ~" V
770 Colombia
' j5 l0 x$ A4 k" e773 Uruguay
/ y( e3 T! K0 Y775 Peru, P& w5 |6 i* O/ m6 }9 i) i
777 Bolivia' T6 |7 E, P( K' ?3 u o
779 Argentina/ w- }2 D2 m. [) H1 m
780 Chile/ P# K1 `' B* o( [' ?
784 Paraguay3 b) @+ y3 | j! T9 I
785 Peru
. s! Q! B$ x" Y6 C) j7 R1 e5 t786 Ecuador
2 @" Q F. y' u" c% ?789 Brazil8 Y7 t4 {1 u/ x4 E E) P
80-83 Italy8 L) K; J6 I5 h
84 Spain) {' E6 w6 P& t9 E
850 Cuba
{& w8 w' q% ?' V" p u858 Slovakia
" A9 U- s3 W0 e* I$ L: R1 H859 Czech Republic
7 F! K0 M( r6 K4 Z# m, E860 Serbia & Montenegro: A0 F' a M P( u
869 Turkey
: s' Z: j8 B5 O$ ~8 \8 i87 Netherlands
0 ?# ~4 ]8 I! _, X. a880 South Korea0 o* v' s9 c( |* }8 A
885 Thailand
! Y8 h# i6 x* x% V: B( d888 Singapore
6 y- ^/ b8 R& n/ s. o: b$ g890 India
! N* V0 P: N+ Y( M$ J4 m893 Vietnam
0 N6 W& [9 k3 o" _# N- L F0 k7 C899 Indonesia. A* n* C' P7 s2 B9 {: ]
90 -91 Austria* ?( ?8 N8 O8 A: a* a- _6 c7 B
93 Australia
0 `3 }6 j* ^3 i, d* A& d, o0 Q94 New Zealand
# m. _% k& K# Z9 I955 Malaysia2 G/ P; Z) ?* |
958 Macau
) A) P( a$ d) @+ I977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
, h v# K S! ?! r7 b978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
# V% U( f- I+ [5 N979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number), H- n" k- l: o
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm* t }+ S! G, q2 b8 R$ R9 y& K
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