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英文写作必背句型

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老杨团队,追求完美;客户至上,服务到位!
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc), L* h4 c6 t; ^: a6 i3 v
~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
2 Z# j" m$ ^1 R/ h  H3 `例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.5 v0 G0 P0 k* S# Q7 d; N
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
! q& j/ p3 D( G# m( D& S) cMr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had./ w5 |; \" s0 D
张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
5 g! Y  E" ?9 J* x. \/ V, ~二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
' y. O$ v8 _' I+ p3 [% SNothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V6 R, s) k: ?, @3 {' i
例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education.
5 _. G# `3 i! P' ]% ?. D没有比接受教育更重要的事。
" ?+ c, r& Q7 j& p9 }1 A三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.9 E3 J' k* u. D8 m, n
(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)
& a! K: c8 C# p( ?例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
$ \$ f9 X+ `) D, a我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
& j! Z( q, X1 K; F四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...)8 L0 s: y' k- r3 l
例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.5 }- q- w3 h" F" z8 ]
不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。8 d  y' [) r1 X: t3 `
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)6 U2 `; d* N" i9 h. F
例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us., `8 {9 L% }" K) H  @
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。* L/ x" e9 j( {/ [! ], D
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)  ^1 Z' K0 ^/ c$ X& k
例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
: |% h- J# e& U6 n% z0 t2 x6 |+ e毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
9 z( Z8 f4 \5 C+ I% D七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子(...的优点是...)" T- Z$ g8 U! i
例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.# ?! @; t7 t9 L; d) a+ t
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。- ^! Y3 v1 L1 d3 }
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子(...的原因是...)
: i  s/ h& x# Y; A例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
1 c4 f' u$ |2 [: ^+ LThe reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
' z2 ^( |1 o. s3 s* h/ g3 ^2 Y! L
' T" P/ ~% y3 d; Z我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
, U% x, m8 l7 X1 s3 ?九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子(如此...以致于...)
$ }% C( ~8 p# a# B) d8 ^例句:So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.; ~! V; K6 F8 q( P3 L
时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。3 l6 b. x6 o" f  h* @- [
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)
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例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
; c0 F  D) }- o7 S{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}
" Z+ N( Q1 {4 \% b7 y虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。0 k2 D& I0 J; H
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
% M0 |  r7 U4 QThe + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈..,愈...)
' l9 D$ S) ~% N7 k3 X5 u例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make.+ O9 }$ f. q* [
你愈努力,你愈进步。, n9 ]. Y, ]& y( w/ P( l
The more books we read, the more learned we become.* Z$ c! x$ m  @& N- I" R! J/ v
我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。
" M4 t3 m, K3 Y: F$ |十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...,..能够...)
# H1 {0 n% N& Q) |" @例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
% U: r0 }" t. h* b) t- v( T借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。
1 i8 }" N* i1 Q/ O十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..), Q3 ~6 _) Y" R
例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
% L5 q; m7 q& i4 P& h; D3 c0 f( L听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。2 f$ N5 K; P( K9 Y/ _, g" U3 j8 u
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)
/ o# }! n3 Y0 {# g例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.  c" `1 L, m; }
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
& `4 @* A$ T3 Z2 a* Q十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)- v$ m! C. g( `
例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
9 ^, S1 A" w" s! N  S' i8 G6 p该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
7 V5 D% Z! ^, k) L( x* U十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)6 y1 A9 X4 b4 u* M$ Z& b
例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.( a$ P) m1 D* i) H
违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
. q  a5 a. o! _- R. J. J* T: z十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)
; o' L# c3 D) J! `/ v/ I" f+ S例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.1 F6 a. O0 t3 x/ A
没有人不渴望上大学。
% {6 B# t2 s; m/ X' P+ `7 b/ a十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...)0 P  ]# v' r( m' ~/ M1 ^5 R7 g. b
例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。
( v5 f* I7 _3 |  \% x' `十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)
# T; X, Q5 W; U& q8 d6 dIt is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)
- Z; C3 E. ]$ z% B. o) S* GIt is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)
) K0 m/ m; G# ?例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
+ L! C% q2 |2 V5 X4 y% h  W2 O可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
: T/ e  K: b" D. [  \6 M3 @+ B) K二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)( Z' ?: A6 h( R- J
例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it.+ h: [& V: I) W2 g
夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。* S2 u/ w* _' n: Z  W/ G# @; R
二十一、For the past + 时间,S + 现在完成式...(过去..年来,..一直..)
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例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
0 C7 s/ q/ q$ N8 s过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。
$ g; h) @6 c8 |) D# X: p* F二十二、Since + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成式。8 T; l& J  P2 v5 I
例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
8 x2 c8 J6 i1 Q" J. T! H5 f自从他上高中,他一直很用功。0 ^, E  o" j# f1 Z. A( M" M
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)
6 L3 F1 c8 }" Y4 m例句:It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。2 r; v! v& q0 v; y
二十四、be based on (以...为基础)6 T3 ~9 Q$ j% J; I
例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony./ Q- k. [. W. @
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。! J2 _; r2 U$ `' v
二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)! g& Q% T- x7 ~0 h
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
, A; D! x  j2 J0 s我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
: n- n3 \) J. _5 m8 a二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让..明白..事)
" r4 D9 h- Z' E) g/ q8 |例句:We should bring home to people the value of working hard.: u8 }* u- R& S- y
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。; _9 n: I' i0 T& |+ k  f* l" s# x
二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与..息息相关)
' ?- x3 W: r1 S2 c9 B例句:Taking exercise is closely related to health.
! U/ ]2 _# A. i0 O( p& x做运动与健康息息相关。* I, e. K/ C$ J% Y; f
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving
, T; k9 _1 C" S! O$ \/ A= make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)
5 L% K% Q5 I' L; C. LWe should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
1 L' V, ~4 C8 T3 ]  n* b+ l我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。' E2 ]4 X  g- p/ N" n
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ (因为...)
' X3 m7 \; ~9 [& n2 b+ e% P例句:Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
* |2 Y% D- r# V6 d; H+ F/ ]因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。
( P! \; Q2 C, J% X9 A. w' L
  _6 t3 {$ g+ S: F4 V, v  K8 c, g- \, ?. E) e% C" X* {
, k( m7 }. \0 i9 T8 @8 }! r" K" o
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)  G4 T% `4 d1 ^' ]. N% s
例句:What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
; o6 c8 m$ f( [: c& @How important a thing it is to keep our promise!5 X3 F" [& C6 W; D
遵守诺言是多么重要的事!3 O: G1 O5 P. b/ B" c, D+ J5 e
三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)
" l7 G/ v( _5 N5 `! D9 y4 t例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
9 O& j' S' E6 }: v我们的交通状况令人不满意。
2 E7 M# a* h' \1 v三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (对..有很大的影响)' J' d$ G5 \  _: Y8 B/ m: Z
例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health." V) h/ |' n8 s* ]2 L) U
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。( _6 G5 j6 y# a0 h% C
三十三、do good to (对..有益),do harm to (对..有害)
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老杨团队 追求完美
例句:Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益
- S+ D: n0 _$ f9 g* @5 _Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
& r& r! C* S1 b: Q, n三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (对...造成一大威胁)
2 g1 j  |: @0 t8 q例句:Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.6 Q5 B' e5 W" Q( ?7 z
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。' ?! T5 k+ R+ ?$ n1 |
三十五、do one's utmost to + V = do one's best (尽全力去...)
2 F& P/ `% t9 ~: i3 u$ ?2 w# ]例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
7 i9 K0 _7 D* B+ S' h我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
1 V" A) y% l: H: N0 ?9 L9 ]! |3 M- X4 z) [* [
3 W6 l8 Z, `% n6 P
英文写作必背造词
. s5 U" Z2 b* G- z7 m7 l欣赏大自然的风景 to appreciate the scenery of nature
3 D! I) ^3 F' K& G  Q# l4 y培养公德心 to cultivate the public mindedness6 u& C. S" b1 t
维护健康 to maintain health
+ ]- S1 D% E+ X. f保护环境 to protect the environment
4 Q! B7 a0 C6 T开拓视野 to broaden the horizon! {; v$ |3 D! \! f& X
开拓心胸 to broaden the mind
4 u" N5 s$ K) k- P% ?" L* j2 E2 d0 B调剂生活 to make life pleasant# r; p) u  V6 S2 h2 a, J
松散身心 to relax oneself
1 g! i, T/ R) V0 w启迪心灵 to enlighten the mind
7 Y% |% D5 ]' E0 u" a, N8 T- ?灌输知识 to impart knowledge into someone
' @1 {. U+ @2 X/ W2 q- j追求理想 to seek after the ideal: ?8 ], C1 K6 s1 h0 V( X
实现抱负 to realize one's ambition: a7 _  f7 G- F  m/ Y; b7 |& h
守信用 to keep one's promise
; J9 T8 }- A( `' X跟上时代 to keep up with the times
3 n- d5 _8 C1 [* E' d欣赏古典文学 to appreciate the classical literature0 T9 H3 ~% C# q. q+ w% S
学习吉他 to learn guitar
" k! P; d7 M+ [1 W陶冶品德 to cultivate the character* Y! M9 K% S; I9 m7 a' O* v5 ~% }
贡献国家 to contribute oneself to the country4 O& O- D0 e5 x. r2 j! X
锻炼身体 to strengthen, exercise the body* e* k) r3 f. x' \7 Y5 A
缺乏休闲活动 to lack recreations
5 H4 P( A  o1 z, n: b作笔记 to take notes$ N1 U$ N$ @  q7 b" z# l- M
使用参考书 to use reference books
/ Z; Z9 P& w, V# A  F关心社会 to be concerned about the society
. T2 j( {1 r" ]- Q" n/ H服从校规 to follow the rules of the school9 G. N/ I: @9 H2 f5 s+ L5 L+ J4 ^
尽身为学生的责任 to fulfill one's duty as a student
9 R/ N2 ~0 O- [克服困难 to overcome the difficulty7 ]. h9 u, n& Z/ n# |: {" d% I3 ]
面临困难 to be confronted with the difficulty
; o0 ~0 l+ @3 n$ h& @渡过困境 to weather the storm+ G+ \5 M8 n% R0 ?$ @( o
走快捷方式 to cut the corner
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量脉搏 to feel the pulse" v3 l0 e" y7 n% p, o3 S- E
开药方 to prescribe the medicine, u5 H# p- e. B% _1 \) g8 t
坚守原则 to stick to the principle5 Y% A2 Q, M' f# d' {, W8 w! j
注意卫生 to emphasize the importance of hygiene+ Q7 h9 T6 `- O4 ~9 u2 r4 g
乱丢垃圾 to litter; to scatter garbage# L& A2 ^! F0 L. @9 @7 |
美化环境 to beautify the environment3 `/ A& x- `1 h5 Q! ]6 ]
种植树木 to grow trees( Y  d1 q; V5 B& L  N. y9 f
防止污染 to prevent the pollution) c" \$ S5 s! l8 X* |- Z* i9 }1 s, U
提升生活品质 to promote the qualities of life
' j* e, K) s0 `+ U. X造成损害 to do damage to
3 m7 a. D. H* O) U对...有益 to benefit; to be beneficial to, w/ R6 j' a4 @9 }/ f$ ~+ j, T
对...有害 to be harmful to; to do harm to
. f, M6 _) ?5 D! f& k任意停车 to park the car at random; i7 \3 q+ o6 {' e0 e0 Z& o. z8 s( [
制造噪音 to make noises3 S4 a$ ]! Z2 c4 j4 ]3 B  I
占用人行道 to occupy the sidewalk
- r7 e5 F+ I: o3 i8 \妨碍交通 to hinder the traffic3 q# U. ]4 ^+ O# w* b/ p( C8 ~
排放污烟、废气 to belch smoke, exhaust, fume( x# g3 j. `$ H7 n
造成不便 to cause inconvenience
, {3 V( F( M5 D- L. |8 _6 G7 i% H造成混乱 to bring about the disorder
. Z8 A/ Y* o' r3 d- J1 y闯红灯 to run through the red light# @8 ?% Z# G" S0 A: h7 f' a% ^
利用天桥 to make use of the overpass( T" b& B2 H# q
查字典 to consult the dictionary
. q0 u1 c4 G+ C0 C$ C9 u; }屏息 to hold one's breath% t1 S2 G9 O  j9 h
流泪 to shed tears
% U. |' i7 l' f0 t符合需要 to meet the demand
5 P) |, T8 ]. U* G: a. ^* R生根 to take root
. H6 a+ h6 ~, x# j8 v产生结果 to bear fruit
" U$ `- ~: {, G! P; n2 V打破沉默 to break the ice
5 f0 ~4 Y# ?- ^1 C& z/ H气馁 to lose heart; to get discouraged4 [# M2 }* c9 l, W
振作 to pull oneself together; to take heart
' w, J$ _. C; y* O采取步骤 to take steps; to take measures+ Z$ E4 g8 w- b4 ~) ~
缓和悲伤 to ease ( alleviate ) the sorrow
  ?7 S& O; b, o# }- i6 s承受负担 to bear the responsibility9 Y8 V7 o2 z+ y; l( H- V( D8 e
考虑到 to make allowance for
6 ~/ ^+ V2 a, n8 u; T把握机会 to seize the opportunity+ V' Y( l: T! a9 D5 W
跑腿 to run an errand9 |6 i! c. H$ I2 D/ x; D
树立楷模 to set a good example
大型搬家
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接受教育 to receive education  }- G7 b6 h" W; _! _6 E
提升生活的水准 to raise the standard of living
% ~! r- W0 D0 f, D告辞 to take one's leave/ h; p/ a# X2 k$ S( A( n9 m) r+ I  i
有很深的了解 to have a deep understanding of- A# }7 X+ _) D; ~
跟随流行 to follow the fashion4 D. z5 E, O! C# M" A) e; G
提钱 to withdraw money9 J7 {% d+ B" P
存钱 to deposit money+ Q/ D% g+ R& Y' n" c
良心不安 the conscience stirs' d$ _/ ^4 B! g+ w" f
自立 to be independent; to stand on one's own1 Q) ~% M9 ?5 O" q4 P
英文很好 to have a good command of English
& c0 L7 V9 w. Z4 G) i1 z7 ?: X有广泛的知识 to have a wide range of knowledge' u) H' Q! @1 e* t& J5 O
喜爱艺术 to have a great liking for arts  Q6 R' ^  w- V1 U5 ~
扮演重要角色 to play an important role in
7 P2 j  u" y& O' ]7 Y聊天 to have a chat with; \; e2 H/ y& b# U# T. C  u2 D  ~) V
有...才能 to have a talent for
: U% @! c. M" H- `2 `& Y选择 to make a choice
0 x' j5 B& v) x" d# F有很大的影响 to have a great influence on
2 `. V9 Z+ v. C! _* L1 F5 j  o; n予人...很深的印象 to make a deep impression on- Q. S0 _, X$ {& Q
愚弄 to make a fool of
# U' O! {. u- s* U找借口 to make an excuse
8 h3 X' \9 ?4 X/ C) E给人搭便车 to give one a lift3 a+ G! ^8 h6 G# r6 F0 W/ n! t7 l
打电话 to give someone a ring
2 C" M  k& W1 }2 B8 p8 W' q冒险 to take chances2 `! f* k" a7 `4 Z7 D7 ?* @7 p
怀恨 to bear grudge against someone7 m' N" j" _' T  T
牢记在心 to bear .....in mind9 o2 R5 W8 q2 H8 K! j7 H; N
板着脸 to pull a long face
( y$ r7 Q1 p; e6 ^  [对...充耳不闻 to turn a deaf ear to. ^& O- W! d; L/ g4 b4 }/ g
被开除 to be dismissed from school1 V5 S( x5 D4 U8 o- N. |( t( h9 h
生气 to be angry with ( at )
5 p$ p. H3 p2 `1 w% P负担责任 to assume the responsibility
* N9 Q" c8 d9 b* I' I! d1 q符合需要 to serve the purpose% `9 r+ i# y9 N. y: e3 P7 z/ p
变胖 to gain weight
; ]2 \4 {: ]% C  W4 e- T& @; Z有道理 to make sense
/ `7 O3 B( T* M& P& {" r: Z记日记 to keep a diary; Y7 x, j0 r- Z/ o1 v% A8 }
尽己所能 to do what one can
. s- ~  M; ^, X' G擅长网球 to be at home in tennis3 q% w; S, n/ A, d
郊游 to go on an outing5 R  T- p' U3 S5 c
消磨时间 to kill time) L; S& u* s6 o' V, J1 ^
增加生活的情趣 to increase the pleasures of life$ a$ g4 i  S1 m6 Z4 N
精神抖擞 to be ( feel ) refreshed
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老杨团队,追求完美;客户至上,服务到位!
解除紧张和焦虑 to relieve the tension and anxiety5 t4 Y' {6 o# D/ }' J
宣泄久积的情绪 to release the pent-up feelings  T& g0 w- c/ L9 e9 x* V5 o) K# y
游手好闲 to fool around
6 @/ ~& u, B5 X准备考试 to prepare for the examination
# d) R7 T# v: u/ G参加课外活动 to take part in the club activities
/ b2 s& V* M' f4 _$ J* I无精打采的 to be listless' S8 j; x. A$ X& o. q
精力充沛的 to be vigorous, energetic
, y' k# X+ s' B8 M7 X防台 to guard against the typhoon
4 n& ^: m7 [/ z' N6 E3 I* y逃避现实 to escape the reality
- U  H# Y/ h. {达到目标 to achieve the aim
) B+ m* `2 L7 @; F. C五育并重 to lay equal emphasis on the Five Disciplines, i) v0 j* _( V. v9 I
感到无聊 to feel ( be ) bored
% z* f- ~! S% E/ A  O感到剌激 to be excited
* s2 _" j5 B4 J3 o$ e感到满意 to be pleased, satisfied
4 E  R. X* m9 f感到失望 to be disappointed
9 M. Q# m/ O* q) N+ G9 J1 X感到振奋 to be encouraged, inspired
2 @% t, L  l9 N9 k感到气馁 to be discouraged, frustrated% p9 {% C/ j0 E% E; ~
感到疲倦的 to be exhausted4 g3 j1 J/ ~/ a1 `
感到烦恼 to be worried, upset, disturbed, bothered
# M* y5 }7 v; A" [, A放弃理想 to abandon the ideal
. \3 X* ^+ d! j$ W" m$ R! U奠定基础 to lay the foundation
" J9 M( e2 z% B, L0 [+ \失去耐心 to lose patience
- Z& e) @7 E# S0 q7 d( k进步 to make progress
, a- o: S" v8 {5 l3 t3 V失去连络 to lose track of/ O" {) f0 {  D& N4 ^
保持连络 to keep in touch with. M8 O% Y. E8 e9 J4 F; `
误入歧途 to go astray
0 y3 I9 N: e9 N养成...的习惯 to make it a rule to; to cultivate the habit
# G* H4 d& j0 T) T2 h7 X2 Y0 w统一中国 to reunify China! Y8 K0 Z  C! X% E* b8 O% Q, ^
遇到交通阻塞 to be caught in a traffic jam4 L8 E( y4 @. X. z
给...教训 to teach someone a lesson0 N( h3 }+ \, l
改过自新 to turn over a new leaf$ ~1 \( z5 Y6 U. t; ^
引以为乐 to take delight in
; d1 r% u$ h0 I2 M予...以打击 to deal a heavy blow to9 D- l6 V9 O  q) F
予...以威胁 to pose a threat to& s4 T& B9 `% d. P
取代 to take the place of3 s  ?7 Q* A( C$ E- ^
预作保留 to make the reservation
$ f8 E. s% C' C! x4 K; F使...澈夜未眠 to cost someone a sleepless night
4 t3 f5 T% I4 w& `充满喜悦 to be filled with joy
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背诵 to learn....by heart
  s3 N9 U9 p% D: ]) F1 |; s鼓励 to encourage, inspire( P+ k0 {- M* x! {( D/ w8 e2 u
产生不同 to make a great difference4 U* y9 C8 P* @- d( s" J# }
犯法 to violate the law* p; y0 m; C: Y' t/ ^
不遗余力 to spare no efforts to
7 U$ X4 ]+ J! r/ r不辞辛劳 to take the pains to1 o6 y" L# W: F4 x8 u  Q" \
  to9 A3 w1 f+ r9 \: W

+ d; n6 ?6 u/ g4 h$ j  X  语气转承词/ i1 T1 z: |" l: b$ d
$ T4 G$ E& ]6 L+ y# o& b1 x& ^+ n
语气转承词是连系意念的字,有助于增加文章的连贯性。转承词以两种重要的方式来增加连贯性;首先,转承词有助于该段文字自身间的连贯性,这时转承词安置于句间,以使前一句与次一句的语意流畅。其次,转承词有助于段落间的连系,置于段首的转承词,将前段所讨论的意念顺畅地过场到次一段,做进一步的申论。: |  E- J) @* ~4 \; N: a! u/ p

* l9 R, {; H& D$ U2 l以下,就转承词的功能区分为十二种。学习者应记住不同转承词的功能,并就各大项中重要者熟背几个,将来段落写作时就可派上用场,以增加文章之流畅,以下是十二种转承词,分别用来表示:4 T* `4 f0 V" H

. ?5 t+ {) \! z( e' [' F; U一、解释( to explain )
: q7 r( J% b$ _, _& f6 J1. now现在;那么(表示转变话题、要求、安慰、警告、解释、惊异等,通常置于句首并加逗点) 2. in addition而且;此外 3. in this case在这种情况下 4. in fact其实;实际上 5. for this reason因为这个缘故
% P/ w( v* d) Z. [- I3 D例句:1.Now, follow the directions carefully.. P" {" @1 o. g9 K6 J
2.In addition, there are two museums in the city.
# {1 E$ F0 ]# G: s! Z. Y6 T$ v3.The problem, in this case, is hard to solve.
* k) S: S3 G  _& C  n二、强调( to emphasize )
9 Y) R: Z: {8 N, A5 k3 Z1. certainly确实地 2. indeed确实地 3. surely确实地 4. above all尤其;最重要者 5. most important ( of all )最重要的是
% h( Z% z5 y, w例句:1.Certainly the vacation was fun.
2 ^* C6 g! ]3 v, o+ ~2.Indeed, no man is an island.谚语:人不能离群索居。6 q: A9 N. o. s+ A* P
3.Above all, avoid swimming alone in strange waters.(陌生的水域)
" a$ Z( c7 W2 W4 o) ]! X. k, s, Z& M
 三、举例( to illustrate )
: Y! s5 ^$ V$ R" g5 K% J( w1. for example例如 2. for instance例如 3. thus就这样 4. next其次;然后 5. namely那就是 6. that is那就是 7. in other words换言之 8. that is to say换言之;那就是说 9. in particular尤其;特别 10. particularly尤其 11. especially特别地;主要地
8 J2 O! b& O, u  c5 v例句:1.A good speech, for example, should be as short as a skirt.
* ?1 u8 N1 d: N* T2.For instance, light travels faster than sound.9 |: F! m5 E2 T; L! ~
3.Next, think of the courses you want to take.
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四、增加或附属( to add )) I. ]$ B6 f$ S" P# s) k6 ^, N; t
1. in addition而且;此外 2. furthermore而且;更有甚者 3. also也;而且 4. moreover而且;更有甚者 5. again而且 6. and而且 7. besides而且 8. in addition to除...之外 9. what's more而且* }( ^3 n7 C$ v3 @  V- v
例句:1.In addition, the tour stops in Tokyo.2 T' o, x8 e3 c& H* @8 j$ H3 |
2.furthermore, he is too old to do that.
' {) o* }1 Y, U8 T, _) ^. Q3.Also, she asked for some money.
9 f1 [! m# v) D0 {& m* k4 T7 o5 o5 c9 _+ e( o
 五、比较( to compare )尤其是相同性质的比较, w+ D" S  h0 ?- M( ~) }
1. like像 2. likewise同样地 3. in the same way同样地 4. similarly同样地 5. too也 6.equally important同样重要地' F# N7 v' g* l/ E
例句:1.Like Peter, Tom is a good swimmer.2 j- x. J6 b7 C  \4 j# d
2.In the same way, we look for a good doctor.
5 G- b# ~  u, I8 ~3.The car uses less fuel. Equally important, the car drives ninety miles per hour.
5 R% e" I$ k! T1 l8 w' ~
( F3 e+ `& s. ?- E: E5 S 六、对比关系或相反的意思( to contrast )/ ~+ w7 n$ s# ]
1. unlike不像 2. in contrast相反地 3. on the other hand另一方面 4. for another thing另一方面 5. on the contrary相反地 6. instead代替;更换;反而 7. but然而;但是 8. instead of代替;不...而 9. nevertheless然而 10. however然而 11. still然而 12. yet然而 13. after all毕竟 14. in spite of虽然 15. despite虽然
" u7 a9 D; r- s* c4 `- s例句:1.Unlike Tom, John is brave.
$ E  U6 r' a: ^2.In contrast, they took to the streets.相反地,他们走上街头。
: p0 `5 b) u2 F5 I, H3.Instead, the new law caused many problems.
6 M, M$ S& @' _! L& Z七、让步( to concede )" q; V& U( J7 ?4 v2 V# I1 n- }
1. although虽然 2. nevertheless然而 3. of course当然 4. clearly确实地 5. naturally自然地 6. perhaps或许5 s; q. E; z, F0 B% y
例句:1.Although she ran after the train, it left without her.
! a7 q. X+ R0 b0 ^. w2 L2.He planned, nevertheless, to ask for our help." h( W& W/ I/ o6 u
3.Clearly, a garden needs a lot of care.( L/ P% y' P$ p$ L! Q
八、结果( to state a consequence )6 o4 w& z3 Q% `% v# m/ G3 Z0 C
1. therefore 2. consequently 3. as a result 4. thus 5. accordingly 6. hence以上皆表「因此」,「所以」,「结果」 7. so所以;因此
. |# _0 u; ^: F9 w( U; ]例句:1.They hoped, therefore, to be respected.
: K+ P3 b2 B  Z1 F& `7 }. A2.Consequently, we opened an account at the bank.
2 l% ?8 I5 ?' B3.Accordingly, she gave up her original plan.% r& S6 T5 S, r
九、综合;总结( to sum up )9 U5 u* K4 G9 x" a- n* r
1. to sum up 2. to summarize 3. to conclude 4. in sum ( in summary )5. in conclusion以上皆表「总之」 6. in brief 7. in short 8. in a word 9. to be short 10. in a nutshell以上皆表「简言之」 11. by and large一般来说 12. finally最后 13. in general一般而言 14. on the whole整个来说 15. generally speaking大体而言;一般而论
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老杨团队,追求完美;客户至上,服务到位!
例句:1.To conclude, Chinese New Year is the most important holiday.% \  W& u$ h. l7 f
2.In summary, recreation is a big business.  y1 N% e9 h/ E2 C5 R
3.I will tell it in a nutshell.
, o" K- {1 @; A( V7 |( _+ u3 i十、时间关系( to state sequence of time )
; E5 [- |: f- s4 m+ W1. after a long time ( after a short time )过了很久,过了不久 2. after a long absence过了很久 3. presently目前 4. meanwhile同时 5. after a while一阵子之后 6. once曾经;一度 7. since then自从那时起 8. at the same time同时 9. temporarily暂时地 10. later稍晚 11. afterward后来 12. thereafter其后 13. lately最近;近来 14. sooner or later早晚
0 Q" k" s& {6 j/ a" c例句:1.They met after a long absence.  z# e4 J1 P: `) R& B5 ]+ D
2.Meanwhile, they were at war with their enemy.
  A2 I0 x+ i& ^! G# `* g3.Thereafter, they never met again.
6 ^7 \& A5 P7 a十一、顺序、列举或思想的延续( to state order )
  o: U0 s, E7 O+ K$ _- i* V1. first首先 2. in this manner ( in this way )就这样 3. first of all首先 4. in the same way同样地 5. second其次 6. third第三 7. in the first place首先 8. then然后 9. next下一个 10. again再次 11. finally最后;终于 12. eventually终于 13. by the way顺便一提 14. incidentally附带地;顺便一提
8 h4 G3 ]% [7 }( U9 V例句:1.First of all, jogging makes the heart stronger.  f2 O* p# X: E3 n
2.Eventually, they came to an agreement.) D  K& t0 v6 s' S8 [. e" E
3.Incidentally, medical supplies will be sent here next Monday.
% Q6 x& a/ w; @/ L6 n十二、方向( to state directions )9 V; k+ h& d( l/ S
1. below在...下面 2. next to在...的旁边 3. beyond超越;越过 4. on the ( my, your, etc. ) right在...右边 5. further更远处 6. on the left在左边 7. here这里 8. nearby在附近 9. opposite to在...对面
! ]$ y' D. Y* o! a. |3 ~例句:1.Next to the national cemetery, there was an old church.
7 U" @2 g4 u# Q6 g$ w0 z5 @2.On my right lies the beautiful river.- f+ X7 a9 r" @/ u$ P
3.Opposite to their building, there was an elm tree.% Z# c! l0 ?$ d9 e2 W
---------------------------------------------------------------9 x5 I; ]6 U- k
 英文作文「起、承、转、合用语精选」6 Z8 I) Y* X6 x) [6 A2 r
& [3 o) O" |8 z/ b* S
英文作文之起、承、转、合用语是帮助同学使文章之前后语气连贯、表意流畅,从而使全文看起来肌理分明、组织结构严谨,以便在作文写作上拿到更好的分数。但以下所列者,同学要想在短时间内速成,不妨在起、承、转、合用语中各选六、七个用法不同者熟背之,并试着在自己平常的作文中运用出来,使熟能生巧,才能令你的作文如虎添翼。当然,同学不应该忘记,这些用词只是套语,真正重要的还是文章内容,所以平常多读、多写,丰富自己的意念与想象力,才是作文拿高分的最佳途径。
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2.As far as I know, S + V...据我所知,…% x6 n4 E6 T8 X1 y* o" n( [
3.As the saying goes, S + V...常言道,…
. O" k0 U) R. h& F* x/ P4 @3 `4.Everybody knows that + S + V...众所周知,…3 I  {* S, J# |8 [: C/ C+ S
5.Frankly speaking, S + V...坦白地说,…0 ?# H1 l$ P( V" e6 u, c
6.Generally speaking, S + V...一般而言,…- ]8 J) [0 ]8 q/ @. Z
7.I'm of the opinion that + S + V...依我之见,…
* ~& j$ d4 S* H8.I am greatly convinced that + S + V...我深信,…9 T5 L5 U: ?) `1 _7 [9 K5 L
9.In dealing with..., one cannot but admit that S + V...在讨论…,一个人不得不承认…2 V% a" t+ ]* @6 i9 m- g6 H. I$ y/ [
10.In general, S + V...一般而言,…
$ U: N3 M: u, K1 H4 j11.In my opinion, S + V...依我之见,…
- Z# t+ ?9 }2 L, w( l! x1 ~4 J12.It can be easily proved that S + V...…是容易证明的
2 N- w- \6 R9 S+ i' [# O4 m13.It goes without saying that S + V...不消说,…4 ]; J( Y; q& z3 R' p$ P# `; Y
14.It is out of the question to V…是不可能的
9 B9 t( |7 g4 @. A. F+ N6 `! \15.It's quite obvious that S + V...不消说,…. A, e* d$ v' L( `' o7 [
16.It is said ( reported据报导, known一般皆知, estimated据估计, believed一般相信, expected一般预料 ) that...据说! T/ w0 A5 ~1 p3 P
17.It is important ( necessary必要的, urgent紧急的, proper适当的 ) that S (should) + V(…是)重要的% A& N! W; m' S- h, p( U
18.It's true that + S + V...事实是
. w- O2 E7 S9 r: b+ m5 k/ T3 H$ [. e19.Lucky to say, S + V...说来幸运,…
; D* Q7 N3 A5 d) o20.Needless to say, S + V...不消说,…1 K6 L8 K6 d+ t4 h; z2 {! O
21.No one can deny that + S + V...没有人可以否认…
- T- z) D! a7 H- X5 z6 ^! B. h1 _) U22.Nothing in the world can delight me so much as ...世界上没有什么比…更令我高兴
9 F" @2 p) [  f23.Of all the people I know, perhaps none deserves my respect more than...在我所认识的人当中,也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬
# S" A4 F5 a# C/ X8 b24.On the average, S + V...一般而言,…0 |) u: j4 j2 j; L' w
25.Regretful to say, S + V...说来遗憾,…4 C3 m5 }6 |; O
26.Sad to say, S + V...说来可悲,…
5 r# e. F: \+ D" g# L, B27.Strange to say, S + V...说来奇怪,…% J- L' n/ E+ P9 |; i: |3 l
28.Strictly speaking, S + V...严格地说,…' G0 B6 P& h+ \. `2 l5 X
29.There is no doubt that S + V...毫无疑问,…
! m' z( G; t  {2 ^, k* }30.There is no V-ing...…是不可能的, T9 ^3 Q8 J$ M  d) q/ g
31.To tell the truth, S + V...老实说,…
1 h1 w" w  `" K2 y* C32.To the best of my knowledge, S + V...据我所知,…
5 b0 Z! B7 J* H5 F4 I5 y* Z6 |/ _0 N. E2 D- ?9 B
  (承)
) c5 ~1 U0 P7 w/ t$ b- N! H
% m7 p" [& N. C& D+ r  f0 b1.According to + N , S + V...根据…,…$ F2 `7 Y9 y6 {
2.As a matter of fact, S + V...实际上,…
1 X( o6 V  X$ e3.As far as I'm concerned, S + V...就我而论,…
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4.As good ( ill ) luck would have it, S + V...幸运地(不幸地)2 e7 H2 X+ q# q3 @
5.As is often the case with + O, S + V...…对…是常有的事
2 `2 s0 O6 _/ _# O6.Besides, we should not neglect that S + V...此外,我们不应忽略6 i8 e# C/ u. ?# w( A
7.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore, ...但是问题不是如此单纯。所以…3 F- ]; Q" i# D4 x, ^
8.But it is a pity that S + V...但是遗憾的是…: _7 {7 q$ \) x1 @
9.Compared with + N, S + V...较之…,…" R: N) i: u+ H6 ?8 n# t
10.Even if ( Though ) + S1 + V1, S2 + V2...即使…,…/ x' m" ]  `2 Q; C! N- j$ w
11.First of all, S + V...首先,…
* O8 v  ]" {  i$ d, c: K2 g8 W12.For all + N, S + V...虽然…,…
/ m1 }7 K- q- Q9 l4 b* X4 b13.For example, S + V...例如,…4 }: U3 k8 G3 z. A
14.For instance, S + V...例如,…% K' L3 s0 Y# O) a
15.For one thing, S + V...一则,…
4 b- i, E# T; S) |' f16.For the other, S + V...另一方面,…* O# ?2 G7 V+ X4 `7 _# O
17.For this reason, S + V...因为这个缘故,…
; k+ G7 A. F6 S1 N: M18.I take it for granted that S + V...我认为…是理所当然的
0 |' a6 V% R8 }" O% V6 j3 b" l; i, P19.If we take ... into account ( consideration ), we + V...如果我们考虑到…,我们…. `, L) {, @3 [3 F$ O6 u8 A0 f2 {
20.In accordance with + N, S + V...根据…,…
8 v' g7 A. b. C# M) w21.In addition, we should + V...此外,我们必须…' s8 E& D9 d; N: p
22.In all likelihood, S + V...十之八九,…
3 P6 K, G% ~6 W* N6 R6 H6 z' D% X8 E23.In comparison with + N, S + V...和…比较,…
# t1 t& ~3 ^8 {4 P7 n24.In fact ( reality, truth ), S + V...事实上,…
; H" X' a- g, H' N$ |7 J' _25.In nine cases out of ten, S + V...十之八九,…/ U8 o8 U9 |% B) y- {
26.In other words, S + V...换句话说,…
2 A: Z8 q5 K8 D, F0 l# _  b3 {27.In relation ( respect, regard, reference ) to + N, S + V...关于…,…9 h" _0 r. U% F5 I# Z
28.In spite of + N, S + V...虽然…,…
! C! J" Y" l/ w' c1 q& R& y- E29.In the beginning, S + V...首先,…3 ?- @9 h4 l/ v4 v% s7 X# n
30.In the first place, S + V...首先,…
& f+ j: `7 `5 [" \: z) }4 Q$ x31.It is not too much to say that S + V...…说起来并不过份
5 R( J' `0 w9 D0 }+ M" U/ {32.No matter wh- + S1 + V1, S2 + V2...无论…,…' `* O. h- j3 H2 f4 U& d
33.To begin with, S + V...首先,…
# {" N( J+ A  U2 M34.To change another words, S + V...换句话说,…9 X4 F) k6 {" \, u" b0 j6 T
35.To cite an old saying, S + V...套句古人说的话,…
) \* }" ?. ~9 C  y5 {36.To one's astonishment, S + V...令某人吃惊地,…5 e; {8 m/ R7 }# g* r& Z% _" D- @
37.To one's delight, S + V...令某人高兴地,…
4 E# M$ I$ H! w) ^/ d9 F38.To one's disappointment, S + V...令某人失望地 ,…
# d# ?) R# L1 d, ~39.To one's excitement, S + V...令某人兴奋地,…+ A- A* B, C4 {- D5 }" o" N& `
40.To one's joy, S + V...令某人高兴地,…
( S; Q5 [7 o9 K+ F& t3 m41.To one's regret, S + V...令某人后悔地,…
/ F' ~  R' }# Q* Z5 s- C42.To one's surprise, S + V...令某人吃惊地,…
3 l0 p) n) ^  h+ T4 z5 v3 R43.To start with, S + V...首先,…
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同言同羽 置业良晨
44.To take...for example, S + V...举…为例,…
/ _* `# e, [3 A45.We have enough reasons to V我们有足够的理由…* c6 T6 x! G+ I) c
46.What I must emphasize is ...我必须强调的是…
/ Z' A& U# {+ P( k' E! B47.What's more, S + V...此外 ,…2 r9 v; w% h6 S. D. P$ _9 w
48.What seems to be the problem is that S + V...问题似乎是…5 _% R5 J; v. g  ~
! x$ f$ O$ y, g6 `9 T
  (转): q3 x7 T$ K4 b/ J' ^7 Z
& {/ }  S  z" [/ S  h& T
1.By contrast, if..., it will certainly be the fact that S + V...相反地,假如…,那一定…, i  P2 \! U( H: s) u3 T' k+ w& m
2.But for + N, S + V(假设法过去式或过去完成式)...若非…,…
+ o. S' J3 q2 d+ e/ `) ~3.From now on, S + V...从现在起/ G% d1 L7 J4 p+ {' _" c4 w1 b7 I+ ?
4.Hardly had + S1 + V1(p.p.) when ( before ) + S2 + V2...一…就…
! Y0 m! t) P. z5 [5.Have you ever + V (p.p.)....?你曾经…吗?
* [# O" J1 x. H/ \0 T6.If by any chance S1 + V1, S2 + V2....万一…,…  H" \: M4 O& A
7.If only + S + V...!但愿…!7 N" _) K6 G7 g% H" W6 Z4 ~9 U
8.In other words, S + V...换句话说,…
* w* H9 A5 A# R( Y9.In the meantime, S + V...同时,…
; n2 L, d+ ?1 e10.In the similar way, S + V...同样地,…
' R  I$ k) J6 M- I0 Q; U11.In this manner, S + V...如此一来,…) l6 r. [# T# L
12.In this light if..., there can surely be no doubt that S + V...有鉴于于此,假如…,确实无疑地…
. k" Y& Y" ~$ t/ S3 ^13.Indeen, S1 + V1, but S2 + V2...没错…,但是…
1 J* E" N% `7 d$ P* B2 e+ _14.It's 强调的人、事、物、地、时 + that S + V...正是…
$ [- L" l- C1 d, C# A15.It's high ( about ) time for + O + to V...该是…的时候了
+ @# J- y; U; t/ U6 `. y16.It's high ( about ) time that + S + should V...该是…的时候了
8 Q# Z4 @7 F  C0 N( O6 X  o17.It stands to reason that S + V...…是理所当然的8 [: @; X! i; j5 j# D
18.No doubt, S1 + V1, but S2 + V2...没错,…,但是…/ u3 [( [: G0 D. x0 r& N4 r
19.Now that S1 + V1, S2 + V2...既然…,…
, O, r, P& l; m6 x, c/ m+ v# _6 i20.On the contrary, S + V...相反地,…
- x4 W+ f7 M" N2 C8 W4 n21.On the one hand, S + V...一方面,…
3 C( i$ @- R6 e% t! W0 h22.On the other hand, S + V...另一方面,…
/ |( s& m: g$ z7 [$ f* c23.On ( Upon ) V-ing, S + V...一…就…
3 ?- n. k9 I( Z" r% b24.Owing to + N, S + V...由于…,…5 l# _4 j& q; c" E# q% h# N
25.The chief reason why + S + V + is...…主要的原因是…
4 S: A5 ]! w9 d6 b) G26.To do one justice, S + V...公平而论,…
* N7 F) u! g; B! F27.To make matters worse, S + V...更糟的是,…
$ f3 r+ b9 h# O0 \3 X- T& w: w28.To put it differently, S + V...换句话说,…9 t0 z! _. n  y+ u3 x5 V( W. E. {
29.To tell the truth, S + V...老实说,…% ]! E$ r7 B  t: b: A
30.Undoubtedly ( Absolutely ) S + V...毫无疑问地,…( a6 P" i% H0 [7 _" c/ P# k
31.We must recognize that S + V...我们必须承认
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32.We cannot be too +我们愈…愈好
& U* T$ C3 {/ ^: p( Q. D( O; a33.We cannot + V + too +我们愈…愈好
$ |+ u& }% z' \6 _* I6 F34.We cannot over-V我们愈…愈好3 t' U/ @' {: I" m) r
35.What if S + V.........?要是…该怎么办?; z: r9 W! O3 p+ V5 p
36.What's worse, S + V...更糟的是 ,…! v  d1 m) p, s- f$ `
37.Without + N, S + V(假设法)... 若非…,…
- p1 z& w: D) b38., not to mention + N…,更甭说…! S6 \; s: S& q8 X$ K' N
39.; that is to say, S + V...…,那就是 ,…$ K7 E  m# G& z% E
(合)
+ E% e) r  O1 t3 A; e) H8 W6 I* _2 B2 K3 A8 T! ?
1.Above all ( things ), S + V...最重要地,…* L6 g% u# `9 \" o0 y$ ], [7 N
2.According to the aforementioned, S + V...综观上述所云,…
2 p8 t7 s7 }! E/ w) o- Y3.As a result ( consequence ), S + V...结果,…
, e$ K7 Z) f% ?% N  J4.As long as S1+ V1, S2 + V2...只要…,…
! v9 W' g- i, y0 k5.As we know from the above, S + V...由上述我们可知,…* P( L2 t8 S! H% F
6.At any rate ( cost ), we should V...无论如何,我们应该…
# H% H4 x! O6 |3 H9 n5 x7.Because of this, we can find that S + V...因为如此,我们可以知道…8 I9 S9 `+ [- P! V  f
8.For this reason, S + V...基于此因 ,…3 m+ s* c$ W2 C  X$ i  r7 Q
9.From the ... point of view, ...从…的观点来看,…' D( ]; |& Q0 P, _- F5 }" _
10.If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that S + V...假如我们能做到以上所提者,无疑地…( _( S" r2 l# |0 F6 l
11.In a word, S + V...一言以蔽之,…+ C% N, f: D6 l2 c. F' S
12.In any case, we should V 无论如何,我们应该…* w7 U5 u7 k( V- W! Q, n7 a# h
13.In short ( brief ), S + V...简而言之 ,…
0 J- k+ c9 s2 x6 k' Z14.In conclusion, we should V 总而言之,我们应该…
* |: y4 W0 Z; J8 @2 @: X15.Judging from the above, S + V...从以上来判断 ,…
- Q7 T! u1 `% m+ e16.Last but not least, S + V...最后还有一件重要的事就是…. l6 f9 Z- h4 K# ]
17.Only by this can we V...只有以此我们才能…" O- P9 \# c5 m  r. R- a
18.On the whole, S + V...整体而论 ,…
. e  i: }. T( O. A% u4 w$ l, J19.On this ground, S + V...基于此种原因
" G( C- n" i. S9 C5 ?20.Owing to this fact we can find that S + V...因此我们可以知道…/ |* \4 S/ {% z
21.The long and the short of it, S + V...总之 ,…
- |: o0 b8 {5 T$ q22.To be short ( brief ), S + V...简而言之 ,…
5 g( h) x# s. I; f' F$ I23.To sum up ( conclude ), S + V...总之 ,…
% s" r  {2 \  H) H) E/ \5 F24.Thus, this is the reason why S + V...因此,这就是为什么…的原因
  K: o% A1 R; j25.Under no circumstances should we V...无论如何我们绝不…
& {6 @& f' F/ S- J) s+ y3 S7 T26.What we must do is to V...我们只要…就可以了
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