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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
$ b8 q6 o6 O' e% A7 K$ x4 Z 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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0 J: \. I: D) O3 A" d1 h, k0 N 二、解小便
. d$ }2 \3 ^, ?- } Z: J 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
6 G% H, r, g4 p- \ Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: $ y7 V: ~( y1 H/ \$ q/ D
Do you have trouble urinating? ; ?. C! H& _2 J0 ?
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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: b: v( l/ \& f+ a2 k 此外,还有其他的说法: 9 T$ ^: K$ @* j `' V7 P& \3 e$ U
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
7 Z; z+ o2 L8 ~1 k/ l, {+ k' g * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 1 U9 d2 _9 v# g1 Q5 z1 {
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
9 a" }, j5 [& x3 C * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. " V3 i: P. G. a8 _
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 $ X2 @4 ^! J4 D
$ `) z) ]- I& Q* j * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 3 h% D6 f' Q+ G- C' ?" z( K: j ?: R
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 " X4 z) B; S! |0 Q, A
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
( P: P9 y& b/ P: ^ 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: # Q: f3 Y, O2 C! m* i# a; n
* The boy needs to pee.
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- ?! ?* k" a' N1 R 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: : J" n3 B& K8 I+ p; C/ C( B
* Do I need a urine test? 4 l0 N) t/ U* ]8 F% R
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
7 i" T# z. S: a" ^. i3 G+ P * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
% P: u9 z! n; _% _7 w7 L * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) - k; a _7 \. M! h
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: $ a2 r* N; x, w% h; Y
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
% X+ r* R+ }! ~. Z* F * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 3 T2 O$ ]/ m3 N' a. R2 D
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 8 U* l3 T) q! Y! B: I. w$ r7 r
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) & D# m9 o/ b! V# E) K- S
' Y) F2 f. O- f: o# u& `/ Q6 R0 E 三、解大便
; h" z, F( ~4 v 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 3 l5 p; m" q3 y2 w
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ! L3 }' y( o+ F. o3 t) \
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
4 A% u! p; x3 `( b+ T& _ * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ; i1 {6 S( k L& l% G
8 u4 |; z! Z2 c/ c, J9 B 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
% e/ A/ q. i2 ]4 ^! A4 \ * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 4 C4 i( I2 ]0 F6 g, ?7 _) B4 ]$ r
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
$ N I8 Z, A$ Z* b+ c * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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3 i7 l% X& l4 o8 W, q& ~% v 四、放屁 ) x( Y t& E# \9 x
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
- n2 F* C- e: t( n How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
5 C4 C( N* u$ G6 Y 你放屁的次数很多吗?
) ]8 W) T, T" C: _ * Is the gas expelled by belching?
& A7 {5 V5 m1 Q9 H' P 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
% e( t4 I# L; U2 w8 i& P4 T * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. ) Y3 S5 C: [" B2 G1 q9 U2 T7 H
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
' O* u* V% ]: X" ^9 d * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
3 A; d& {+ g1 g; P. a+ F 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
# ?- V0 Z6 H! X! S Q * Be careful not to fart in the public. 1 _9 A' B& w+ Y* t( z
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 # `+ G V" a$ S0 s+ Z; @' I* J
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
5 r# V- g2 |" y$ T; L * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
2 p; [; l; Y5 V# u1 c# N3 v3 K& ^ = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
" D6 `- i) f8 ]( y4 L 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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7 `8 l# }; Q2 D5 y" o; Z/ x * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ! o: K% [% a; `
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 0 o% B( w' v# H' K/ b7 I9 p
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) ' ]. f, [: |* Y. E/ E+ p" e
他经常便秘。) 或 ' C( }( E& \- v* a
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 . W; m: F U" j, V' r
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
7 n! y" ~. z6 M * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
) R9 p4 d4 Q) D 他拉了一阵肚子。 6 n9 Q' I; J% h9 M: f# o1 v
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 5 O& I9 q' R" W
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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