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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! / P- v* ?& ?8 [. \6 z# [! [
+ I) M1 x, D* e' ~9 K. z 一、厕所
]) O. e: b l* o" v( G& N 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
& Z |; V T2 H6 D! S 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: v; R& Q+ ?& z' l
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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8 y0 s' `6 T/ s' V. Z# |2 { 医生或许也会问: : y" K: Q% m0 h( A
Do you have trouble urinating?
, {6 O/ }7 y g: C =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 5 L, Q9 n* ~" _2 F9 n
3 }, t8 c Z' q! l' g: q' V# H: r 此外,还有其他的说法: ) N" @( K1 n" I& ?% Z- \- \1 T3 T
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
$ y* l( F- L8 e * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. $ v8 Y/ J: C _( P
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
+ L t5 z8 D N: s. R' ? * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
- ` j) K2 P/ j ]: s7 ~8 v 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. : S5 N# s' z) G
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 & F# I8 | [6 h) x
' z$ |1 Z5 A/ U! d * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 4 ]1 d4 d/ h% S
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 4 W6 x: O3 a" [ O4 k3 @' o7 P
/ X, A2 k6 Z; t; B1 `; v2 a$ v0 V 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: * ^5 ^. h5 b L
* The boy needs to pee.
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$ U- v: t- M& K1 M 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 1 O. \; V$ l6 F' X& j8 E+ H4 T
* Do I need a urine test?
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V, F0 g- r1 o* a/ W4 f' c 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
6 N9 U3 Q! @, G8 g4 F. | h5 X * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 8 B+ N0 u# Q7 v
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
& \' H* E+ |. k; M& o * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
$ L g d+ C* X( y8 r6 u; ^) k0 n * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
$ [' R+ k$ q' X2 A% c8 v3 R * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
% v o- h5 l5 t+ R4 s4 N4 k * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 3 h8 t# R: S; u# o# T6 N/ _
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: : V( X$ F* ~+ |) I6 |& ]8 t3 `
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) # l" A2 a; p2 K( j, g. ^0 F0 M
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
( L7 f3 x6 l3 j1 f& c' j1 P * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
) x, e" C8 J& ?0 o8 R& e% c * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
0 V. Q( C+ F; w2 l; l' C * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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6 j! c! D8 I0 B 四、放屁
8 I' E" W" d# _: A6 i 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
/ J! }; K# z" V( t How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 5 d- [5 P, v$ Z* K$ Z+ b
你放屁的次数很多吗?
" ^ x5 O9 \: b2 g* t * Is the gas expelled by belching? / Y; v9 X2 M: V5 f. m# C
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
4 C9 |( V; ^1 }, T * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. $ d# N1 |3 d% d% P& z* E9 a+ C
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
- ]$ N! V- r% N3 v9 N * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. ' m9 l4 P: m+ ~) J: H& V# Y" N
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
( d' Z2 Z$ J8 u& F, u; `$ t6 @9 U * Be careful not to fart in the public. 7 D$ @6 A9 u0 k* h6 x
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 2 S$ P) e7 W" D% F1 ?1 }; D
& q1 o+ g0 `( m$ D, m; Q! J 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
3 D4 i9 ^# w- O) x5 D/ R9 W' e * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
% G9 l8 e% y6 [* s' L = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
, R9 ^3 g; m& d( t, A% a 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 1 ?# `2 l5 ]1 [' v+ ]' b2 X( z
0 }5 M h5 y# K# b! L! o' B * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. % Z! Z2 X2 t' u6 S0 I
胃不舒服有两星期了。) ! L3 E: c1 G0 W. { k( J
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
4 H0 F+ C6 _$ a6 _- t 他经常便秘。) 或
2 W' ~- H# I4 [ H * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
$ B3 s, J" W: L& W/ r; O$ _ * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 8 f% R7 B$ v3 ]
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. ) `' |& X$ i5 m- d; w w
他拉了一阵肚子。 1 |- @! }6 N9 a8 C
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
2 F7 @2 u$ U4 Q9 Y: R0 J5 ?2 u, n 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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