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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
6 P3 b; W# r* W5 x$ k2 i. w* q 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 / o( _* ^5 K2 E: K5 i2 @( ?4 l# C) i1 u" ~
/ t+ Y: F. o" N 二、解小便
) S1 M5 x( b# ]; I 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
6 z0 b) {. ?) m, ~3 \+ W Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: , ^! c8 p2 t# j% T9 c
Do you have trouble urinating?
; I: V) e" y F8 v: L. R =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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/ U) m) V1 k0 V/ [9 ^4 k2 j, F. f 此外,还有其他的说法: + H% P9 `. {5 y- w# ]) q
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
% D/ P) L% n9 }1 s* } * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. ( H) {' a7 J0 _: o4 a( ]
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ) M9 w1 s+ \! p/ Q" Y
5 L5 V- {+ z- T: ^0 n 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 2 G0 Y: B/ W# n3 i6 u. h7 Y) a8 N
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
4 s9 F+ v8 \& K/ H 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 8 Q0 J- X6 s- M0 {1 I
1 ~* j& _3 |; x * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 3 _1 {2 N8 w5 L/ J5 m# _ I/ t: i& P% ^
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 9 S' h; d3 ], i4 Y4 H$ \0 P# I4 a
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: & Z2 R3 N9 t* L7 p
* The boy needs to pee.
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- u: ~6 W0 k v! d9 K 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
6 `2 |- J& K# k. r * Do I need a urine test? . q4 X1 N2 L7 W* Q* N
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
- G/ ]# H( b5 b- ~* R9 M4 W1 t * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
% J: p, e" a. z& w5 H* b Z * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) , K3 s( \, p5 T1 t A5 B* \
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: % O# S* ^% e9 G2 ^; ~, m6 Q
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
9 p. {, Q) a1 m; a! H2 P * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 9 G3 u/ z) R+ u% r& |5 j
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
+ N0 i& I' c5 P& W) I* K# { * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) / e1 Y/ ?% z, b
# @' O7 k7 W5 K1 l 三、解大便
/ J2 l& @4 |" y/ V- L# K1 ?! x 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ) }6 H* J8 u' i, F+ V- j: k2 M
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ( m# R- g o7 t$ V: K
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 2 p- v9 k# G7 m3 q
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
W- f1 x: B, z! V: e% z" a% Q * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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+ G/ |% ]% l. B* R 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 2 z+ |( g$ g% j; V/ k
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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! H8 B$ ~9 ]2 v8 n. Z% T 四、放屁 4 b0 l; t3 u# h2 b; L
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
6 H- N$ F2 A* E! z6 X: v P5 J How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? : {: B+ h5 W+ _3 A6 a; A; U
你放屁的次数很多吗?
9 G3 q' S1 X3 { * Is the gas expelled by belching?
2 V0 w. z- r& H+ R 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) # m# v( @# g: \
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
3 {4 v6 t. O& o; G 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
. i6 j9 z* {( ]2 C * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
( l% _# d$ W: ^5 B% b( W% p# @ 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 # _% m( e( O, w9 S
* Be careful not to fart in the public. - m& B% ?% e4 D# a: U
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 - T( m3 A1 A/ f4 U$ d7 Y- m9 I* h: |
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
# c+ t% B/ u% D * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 5 `7 ?. M! h) b
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
* T2 R. w$ t; F+ `% G 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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6 r' \/ R$ A) V* U& G * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 3 ?+ K& G5 _8 h/ l9 m
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
2 O( v* {; H2 R( m5 g# ~) R * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
0 ^. n* K0 L4 M2 e0 q0 U% e 他经常便秘。) 或
- } ^3 O" {% i8 s * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 - D4 [4 l% H4 S% ]; W
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
$ S& v) |) `, Q% k% L * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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1 d' A; f! p. r7 r9 |* r! J5 y * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. ; l+ h' L# N/ M& \" }# S8 G
他拉了一阵肚子。 7 z2 Y3 _1 N4 i; e
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) $ E+ \% N/ Y+ O$ T4 b2 f! }
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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