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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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- z- O5 f/ ? A0 W& K6 P 一、厕所 1 r. v$ k. I" W5 n) O# M
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 g# E( k! H4 J7 D% N5 n
: }: ]6 B6 X* T+ Y 二、解小便 * E: P' {# V) M- G8 v" U" _
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 3 f7 m7 a }, M0 R3 y5 \- a
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 9 _1 u2 G5 d+ n0 T
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医生或许也会问:
/ A* ^+ m1 d/ l; w Do you have trouble urinating? - i3 e4 }5 s! x* q
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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% \# m. ^" J$ t; v8 N 此外,还有其他的说法: % @# M, M9 M9 | K
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
, M' d+ T& ^# E( q Y4 ]2 C% n% \; B * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
2 Y, p, a; g# U5 p7 e7 J9 S * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 4 L3 G/ i5 |: d" M, M9 {
8 I! B0 T, J2 W 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
4 Z) Q, J; n2 M T% }9 Y% c- N * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. , v' \' O( V8 ^7 l* R5 _$ i
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 - p+ A/ E% S) x+ Q
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. ( p8 A$ r' |8 a5 n
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 6 I# L& z: H: M0 O6 X( B p: {
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
! l. t/ p) }) Z9 ~ 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 # k; M9 q6 n- }% S) b6 K
" R$ N- l3 f% y5 e0 U, b& Q. D 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
: R0 t) ]& n% c6 B# c) g+ @ * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
6 Q* ?+ A9 k6 P) E" V- c# C j. A- C * Do I need a urine test? ) g4 `7 D- H. q' p0 X. V% b r
* \- g% e, V9 H5 d g, R2 e 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
- r2 v; ^" o' o) S! w8 E * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
( l$ [! @9 b; [/ a * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
1 O9 Z; B9 N1 ~) c$ \5 }; B* ` * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) ; b9 Y0 B; d1 q& h" @( R7 i! h
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
8 J& [6 q$ h, W& _) Q/ ]; V * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) . e" I; q T6 }' u
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 6 b9 K8 u+ S$ m" H1 b' B9 L. g
b4 G. s- C4 { N/ I9 G+ a 三、解大便
7 K5 U* b2 F# U# e 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: $ A5 l, K' s+ {6 ^$ ~: F
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
# ?$ H& ~$ Y+ F( C5 h2 B8 ^0 y =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: ' R3 C0 B8 s% y1 {" H: n
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: # U: H5 p$ E( `) {8 t* w; m% N
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) + p. v: E* P8 q& z2 P
+ ~# S1 M3 k8 R: w. G 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 9 D Z3 ~6 s. x, R
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) ]" c, g7 K- _# Q
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四、放屁 - x/ L& _2 `/ s. P
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
7 p1 T0 ~2 r4 t4 g- j( x5 H How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? - i0 z: G/ |% X. R
你放屁的次数很多吗?
# l- R8 _, h6 H# B * Is the gas expelled by belching?
/ \# \, b/ y: W+ ^' T7 q7 z1 T 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
/ E9 X1 f5 u* p9 b0 B( i' x& C * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. ) k1 R K3 S8 p9 P3 H5 C5 S9 M
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 * r$ v- J7 o% d3 O7 Q) ?( M/ f6 W6 w! O
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. # g8 E- U9 I6 f Y+ `7 w3 s
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 3 e! A% n! p6 X2 ?0 t; r# r
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
8 q& u; k$ q5 m$ U) [ 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 ; A% ?) N( R( b, Z( p. n7 H( K; b# w0 E
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
' T+ p. ^( ?8 Q9 o9 Z5 b! Z * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 8 B2 N& M2 Z! b6 ~" f' m
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. : O. t1 d! c6 c* Q( u
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 4 b: q- O0 c0 ~2 T
4 O, C* G. a/ M: T$ e: d( o * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
( T0 r# y; M, n: N3 A) [ 胃不舒服有两星期了。) ) J9 ^* J1 L u# V
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
: R* X# Q& A; g6 E: x 他经常便秘。) 或
9 |& r8 R- O4 u9 x! t' K# U" O * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
8 g8 z0 u3 `2 I * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
) V% Z0 h' T: ?6 R$ A) J0 w2 d * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ) q' c# Q8 f, b- u i$ ^% a2 j
# y8 g! D( g! O * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. . \# L0 U. p" T8 w$ c
他拉了一阵肚子。 # c9 |4 ?7 A! F3 C0 t; j. R! I
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ! m" U" y0 w6 a5 l3 G! O( C' @
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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