 鲜花( 1)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
- B) x( m# o, m8 s
6 \( v7 J% t3 s' y$ d' `% | 一、厕所
1 D" D1 Q: O8 D- u0 p 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
% [: S4 a( V- |+ l1 G/ M: t- R1 ^3 C9 s4 i' M3 l7 b( m
二、解小便 ; [. \1 @9 e- C2 l9 f3 q
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: " C, N: w+ x3 K9 a
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? : [ C, e4 k! O2 Y
/ k8 h) C. n+ J* W. U, t) J( F* U 医生或许也会问: 2 p+ J0 Y0 {0 d
Do you have trouble urinating? # |5 B H1 R2 @2 \. N. K; k
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
. H0 @, S0 _2 \) v; U6 y6 d! H9 z. v) E) Q3 a- ^- U
此外,还有其他的说法:
' {1 D1 ?9 R5 f/ R) ^9 o3 a: V to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 7 j" |1 K/ ~) u5 g7 B
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
0 j& }7 f" c7 X- `; W * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ( d6 |$ M/ X& b- G
. l% M. v0 Y6 M 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 0 O: _0 z# D8 R+ Y$ M4 P* a; O2 ?# C
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
3 d" i( V; Y2 x7 A, g 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 $ Y* J, m2 R3 o: y. _
5 G. q! w3 {7 y" e7 x) f * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 3 I, _: s/ x$ p! a
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
6 `& a1 L5 v, l% N7 ~
% D1 H% ]1 X, U `. H * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 0 p( G2 R. J+ u) X
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
, g0 ^2 s7 [: k6 _0 `4 ?# w& P! ~- D
不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
* ]: @' |+ I, n- h * The boy needs to pee. ' s$ d0 a5 m U7 o
4 }. m) W, V5 Q2 x$ ]
然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: % m1 a" P1 G3 u# d
* Do I need a urine test? 0 C3 g( c5 X6 m2 I* p" N
3 V9 ]: P) E# _2 D. e9 a- w
注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 4 f; d) T# I! p" e4 b: o; g
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ! [5 l4 w& g/ S" d& A* y: o, X3 [
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) ) s& A9 v. z7 b) w) {/ P) v& F
& ~: P H" ]1 @! m5 S( G 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: / h% f$ O! l& J/ d
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 9 `1 ^# j, D; H. x k
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ; g5 ~! y H/ D; J, }3 D/ s
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 6 U C$ B- L! C+ `. U9 o; \
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) + E# H4 l: A* c0 }
4 Q$ S5 b* D, D7 _. M2 V( t 三、解大便
, u5 {" D6 |0 I/ Y( o, @ 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
) ^; H& t- f W7 R! O to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
$ X4 A) w- H' O+ m1 p, D# Y% [, ? =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
; ?0 Y& I+ D; a5 H * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 6 m2 ?4 D) N' {4 ~' `) C# J
: v* I% ^# \: o$ d9 A
不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
- n+ ]9 H: j) x0 q1 \$ s8 L, P * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) ( K& i7 }, X4 c Q, J
$ \3 R$ A e5 D C* ^4 t 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 8 L" f8 N5 M5 z, x! B: L; H
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) / c6 ^5 O4 w$ [8 E/ ]& Z4 ~8 I! W
5 ?7 O; D. h( ]) m 四、放屁
. R0 A* K- p! U6 L/ Q: Q 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: * d- Q9 Y8 c9 w& c3 B+ N1 ]* w
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
. V4 h; u/ S% Q/ K 你放屁的次数很多吗? 6 A) J6 d7 p$ d* z
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
. T" J3 j9 i% L+ D& \8 G 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) }& N4 q$ v$ j; [+ j
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. ! R4 h% p/ f/ @; y- [/ S$ H. P
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 + Y/ Z8 ?- F/ ~4 N6 F+ F* N
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
8 G y! P4 p" ]- y$ i6 | 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 + V! @' c) O% Q+ F, F/ Y* O
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
6 K6 L+ _5 o0 t4 J/ _ 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
9 ~+ _5 |4 M: v( z G/ D) n) m7 _) G
至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: $ _, N# {( U. c) ~% g9 D
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 0 {! @) O( K* l. w8 w, J' n
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
4 z# i4 w3 N" _3 x9 H4 N; b) v4 p 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
) R0 E4 q& o" { _, W0 g9 ~! E1 }- U; ~& X1 w M' t
* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. - [. H' A1 X! J4 a
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
5 h- T$ c, G. n+ f5 v * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) " P# z* @% r5 h: U5 ~
他经常便秘。) 或 % W! n1 Z( m9 j
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 9 w) t: ^$ Y5 y% ]7 `' [0 [
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 / F! [, t6 j/ S7 w
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 5 T! Y: i& a: t4 X% d+ D
3 g1 w9 V* s' Q * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
! a+ O6 S! E7 T" J! } 他拉了一阵肚子。 ; D- k: s" g& @9 ?7 G% b2 f
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) * J" X8 N" q* ]7 M* H6 M$ @
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
|