从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
1 N( S& Y& B' q9 _9 }例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
6 j) |( Y! U7 b  [, L7 z% @
A：I like apples.

6 M; k5 }5 o: x- l. B# V0 b% [B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）

　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
8 M) A$ ]& F: i& N( \
本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
& V6 O$ M) w8 B4 g( S
1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
1 z5 Q* M- j8 o
' c# M9 H3 T5 f. t' Q5 R2 X2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)

; }5 [3 }7 [! I+ `. l$ k! P第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

* ?$ C- S) f  e3 A. V6 ^3 ?4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
* p2 W! ?0 |2 L
8 t: T/ X. h; M( `9 [3 t' h- {如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!
+ ]7 S6 a+ K2 e) r% O
2 J( y8 p) N% l1 @This cup hasn't got a handle!

---Nor it has!

' l; y' b: Y  j+ E四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
8 d. s% v  y  Z9 Q
& U# g! B# }; a/ o5 IDerothy: Look it's raining!

! v' Z% C& Z7 s0 {6 DDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
; Z$ e( i. y1 P" B9 @& m
, k& k. @0 ]. ^% P/ k* T9 GDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

$ z1 O: \9 _; F- @1 u7 p+ {Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
' w5 h, j! l" |$ _0 l
8 k2 ]  `- o" |' C7 ]) oDerothy: So we can.

* y! H* J9 K5 EDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
, |& D- o4 \# e4 t% Q" I
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
- H$ H! p, g- J/ Z1 L
: [7 `& u  f/ j1 u9 p6 pDenald: Yes, let's.

Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
4 Y  ^, f: H. U9 p( O
+ R+ |( u) T5 ^0 V: n, HDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
- s/ b! I+ F, Y. j: J+ B* W
- ?8 U5 t3 ~7 ^% D+ k0 cDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
2 v  L& t6 g/ w, g  ]! p0 N
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

% M) Y- i( R: b7 CDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

. i( y1 {# k0 C9 i/ D+ hDorothy: It's the postman.

Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
6 h8 J5 V- t7 y! h: y- q. C, E
4 \2 Z( x/ Q" Q. |6 w3 @Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
$ N1 K1 g9 h8 e  v: \( U
Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

$ z4 I) e8 C9 X8 k1 A; y' B9 WDorothy: Nor do I!

Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
* ~5 j9 t$ [: Z
Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

  g: W5 J( n, U# aDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
% j5 q9 Z; U! S2 r/ Y$ {4 P9 d9 W- o+ b
, T. ?$ Q/ G6 R) F* Z! j/ ]% g8 ?9 RDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

+ z4 ~. ]3 [, _# \1 c* |2 G+ uDorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.