从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
& S" r* I% Q5 c. E, j. m! q( o例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
" k7 [9 x* _: t1 l$ P: L
' f, k( v) `# @A：I like apples.

: d0 _, v' a& b8 n' S# e! Z$ TB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）

　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
$ o& A4 [- c4 f+ P
2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
0 [/ b" K6 a5 V9 g5 m
又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
7 N' V! k4 B' v8 y5 f
, o) t, y* z( w. W+ ~/ X6 T第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　
0 s" q& `$ O# c
4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
+ L3 F% d$ C! t2 O1 C2 O
如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!
9 A# m/ T; C- t9 c6 N
- b! I* @8 C1 m% X/ E/ e, B6 DThis cup hasn't got a handle!
% p( V' {4 p5 T/ ^# }- H
- ~$ l/ v+ r# I! D6 z: T8 J4 f---Nor it has!
: I: m/ ]4 h1 F) A: m9 |
/ M. k' x! C6 V( U7 Z* D四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
9 ^& X  Q& V7 N: W
+ L; K9 `1 z& V0 f+ JDerothy: Look it's raining!
2 x: a4 x) i3 k2 E) M# Z
. m: _2 U8 c5 {6 t* u, VDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
& L, G8 Z) `& {% C. t
Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
# J. P; l/ W( P9 g6 Z# P: h: _
Derothy: So we can.
* f6 v: L5 n+ K& Y" B
Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
( x0 |) a$ ]* y+ S( L
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
/ B1 |0 T; {4 D3 ]. O  f
Denald: Yes, let's.
) A- B8 m2 C* v( X- O% ?
Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

4 D9 i& {& c9 [Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

/ l' ?& r5 M. I6 }8 NDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
4 G3 ~' _: [: v- s/ j3 Y% c7 Z) [$ w
: ~1 q/ T9 w/ }. J% c6 M5 M5 cDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

' ~/ t( w! R4 u  |4 U8 {$ KDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

  P1 ^. M# Q: G2 o4 u9 KDorothy: It's the postman.
4 U* l  K2 T" [4 F" w' q
6 @! ~- j% [+ t" E; A0 xDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

3 }( O1 Q$ p. p, d# ?Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

4 s" `3 T9 g9 U8 D7 A& }- ?Dorothy: Nor do I!

Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

; s" m' {  s+ @+ {Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
3 _9 i* r% X4 z8 u( d
Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
4 l" L! ]6 p: U7 ~6 ]2 G: e
Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
) U8 a. j  ~/ p
Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
1 a4 C1 R6 p% [' Y
$ K: x/ p  z( F' K6 s; gDorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.