从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

: ~9 h4 {' G1 w: s1 b' f3 g5 ZA：I like apples.

B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
; ]% o, @6 |+ W, c$ z7 N$ d
　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

! a/ c5 `8 @" @# K9 o本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

& ?9 V4 `, x2 L+ z0 e! V1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
8 ~+ y; `2 I- {4 @1 C
第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
" l4 P& N. q8 G# n; n# o: O
第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

7 q+ {% o8 r# Z/ z6 c0 R# a8 E. u3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

  h; [8 ]7 \5 K, h: j4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

, G2 P* v$ a$ H& k2 H, {如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!

This cup hasn't got a handle!

---Nor it has!
- M8 c$ W. h  n" {) C  t
四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
. S6 j9 S5 g: i7 O
# j( b0 ^& Y) }7 x8 `2 ^Derothy: Look it's raining!

Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

7 l) M# `) n% O! ]Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
- }$ {6 [. h: f/ \& ?/ d
0 N6 b% u8 @4 c- t4 MDonald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

Derothy: So we can.

Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
. Y  k: G0 q( {, q' j$ t( [
2 x+ g% v  y- {* }0 P0 p$ B2 ~, LDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
# J8 p% |1 M% v/ ~: R/ H+ U7 ]
Denald: Yes, let's.

Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
1 [5 j% p3 @) W' M% {
6 ^. Z# [' W: l1 wDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
: [3 z- D9 k1 G" x1 [  S
Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
8 b0 D5 m! h6 P( _( S7 l! z; [
4 M3 C- c' d* U0 {  IDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
5 ^, ^" F# W2 G  P0 p
Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
2 O( n; R6 ~7 t0 l# H6 X8 T: i
1 Q$ E: x% I: y* c' Z+ K* aDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

& n$ T# K6 [- }% _" e, y- r% UDorothy: It's the postman.

0 w8 r% j' ?1 `! P* u' oDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
4 N! a2 r& z; O% m8 U" b: @
Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
  ?% ?" `" n  I
Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

Dorothy: Nor do I!
& {0 @0 e' t8 x" z
4 `& ?2 C7 A' X7 ~Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

( U; Y5 K9 y; R3 k2 D9 [# ]9 y1 Z, GDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

* J) N9 j% C7 v2 L* P/ _# \$ HDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

  K$ ^" V: ^- X- mDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
1 M& j8 K/ D% N" p6 J! J
& h. ~3 q/ }) k9 P7 PDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

; \, u8 j5 u6 N0 O1 vDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

# b1 R  S, @) A/ |& PDorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.