 鲜花( 1)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
两人对话,乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如: Do you like it? -- Yes,I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合: You worry too much.-- No,I don't.在后一种情况下,乙方也能"So+do+主语"之类 的结构表示看法。 ) D( h5 g: Y. o
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果",乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果",英语可以说: 1 a4 u% A" V; ?3 H9 Y
6 P4 R- I/ p6 r
A:I like apples.
6 l5 }1 I# l L m9 }
' L y0 G3 L* f/ hB:So do I.(= I like apples,too。)
* e. k% |2 `& Q' ]6 b" m$ ^" i
3 U. c Q6 q. D5 K' F5 g2 X* z 这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way,即同样、 也那样,作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。 6 c$ z8 n Q0 B0 L
Q- |& d/ E# f, T+ ~8 {2 d
本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。 6 C7 d- z- W z0 g
$ t! s3 _7 c6 J( G7 i
1."So+do+主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时,也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词(即操作词时), 可用此结构。例如: A:I like playing football. B:So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时,则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French.--So can I. I've got a new car.--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
8 _) M! b+ k" r. w8 D0 `. X4 ?* {. I0 C& m
2."Neither/Nor + do + 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时,可用此结构。例如,甲方说I can't swim, 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳",英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I(=I can't either)。 8 @( Y) \' r) u8 Z- V
5 K9 \9 t- Z* D7 K
又例如: A:He doesn't speak French. B:Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构,有两点说明: , | ~1 r7 m- L, B
: e8 O. L" w2 \' ^第一,能用动词缩略形式。例如: I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could.---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I.(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
* i! t6 T; v) N. Y2 A5 t( ?, s" B1 R- S8 w/ B9 l, k
第二,上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如: John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。
0 M4 C* ]9 D/ H) H V9 F
& H0 I' G. p+ c$ x3 G% y3."So+主语+do"结构 在简短反应中,对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时,可用此结构,注意,这 里不用倒装同序;so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly,即"不错"、"对了"。例如: A:John smokes a lot. B: So he does.(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如: A:Look,it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里,So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining;and this surprises me.
- H3 N4 I0 g* T* z2 a$ F
" o$ [7 g5 h* Y' W7 A' A7 ]. T4."Nor+主语十do"结构
$ K7 m# {+ V4 D+ g7 w' g$ F5 f L* u' N/ D( q
如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时,可用此 结构(注:在这类结构中,neither少见)例如: Look! It isn't raining any more! 8 o0 m( I# B [' Z% W2 ~
. U4 h- ^' {' f( @4 q- J: H- p---Nor it is! - c G$ F4 f: ?, W
' y R* k* @! OThis cup hasn't got a handle! 2 c, v+ x: |! t8 c J7 S& F/ B
- X7 y7 A' n5 v- N
---Nor it has!
0 S, E5 d! X5 w# I% f3 B" U
6 {" j# T4 U. r) e ^四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。 * O% u; m; q/ O+ r* Q6 l
2 d9 x9 C6 d4 w7 F8 y# J6 v
Derothy: Look it's raining!
2 l( V8 S% C$ D7 ?2 I5 g6 @; R* v* X8 \6 N
Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
! y: U/ \* F1 ]! Z f0 k) q! Y9 M+ M" T
Dorothy:Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
3 W4 \* W$ D, S2 B- J/ c3 ]# }0 M3 I1 J( b7 O* V" \
Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then. $ i' u& r) Y- t: o
# t8 y% B e o2 o. f y( J
Derothy: So we can. 8 {7 D ]- Q% n' ?
9 Y2 M4 V1 G+ _) R6 FDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole". , h; V+ v" t0 d! ~ p. `$ b$ S5 o! ~
3 P. m/ [, R: _- p
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go? 6 b/ z- Y$ t& k9 e
4 C1 _' |2 F; i1 d! [* b: BDenald: Yes, let's.
/ D' b) _2 r3 p, {( H* L2 p$ b% ?: c- g7 K, V
Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock. . |! ` f5 F! l* M7 L: H( x
$ j1 ^( L# I( H+ v; n/ ]4 ]Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
# c- T O u# M5 q+ ~' N x
3 {8 o! i5 V1 ^5 L4 ?0 X4 ^Dorothy:So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6. 3 f, w/ ^2 D7 K
7 T8 u$ d: ^1 b% _5 ~9 lDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more. ) r$ |0 B7 ?) I6 a: n
. ]. p$ _6 d9 h
Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
! y/ I- G( r Y @% h' f. x6 U
; ]5 d8 b! _3 PDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
" f2 K1 V+ c+ K8 O' H/ F3 U& l& Q1 ^* c) F* @7 `
Dorothy: It's the postman.
6 p# W+ x c) i$ a2 X" G
! ^! z- B" o6 i. kDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
/ u W1 Y$ ~. N1 J
. D4 n4 u, i: A1 A$ f7 }Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us. 0 w7 ?4 O" F/ E
' C0 q- |$ x7 {( K7 |: j' |
Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
W6 z: j8 \6 v2 I- J3 b; d" F
; }/ }& a$ T S. N: ODorothy: Nor do I! . a' j# D; l$ w6 T. t* ]
" B1 r3 j U4 C" [Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us! 5 _5 \/ |& |2 f
+ \9 S! y/ ?+ K& b7 R5 ]; f
Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
& T- E5 q! L8 h, Z8 F1 Q3 ~
6 z! a3 }0 O7 E# Y* H9 |Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel. y* \/ e9 E( [
9 {/ \1 Q" a1 g# g
Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby! ' ^% t% i8 x: r# |1 f2 {) A
6 s+ b5 x( @% }. Z% [2 gDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself! ) G4 s% P. |* |# Y
# @( H7 D" L: ]0 _$ ^3 s
Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel. 5 M7 D7 n5 K, l% G6 O4 [. X, A# D- I
+ M H5 p% k) W) B' f: ~Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange. 9 G$ j! h0 s! v9 K. u
' Y y9 u4 F6 V i8 PDorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
|