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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士9 u9 Q; t0 P' e& s- ]1 ^
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5 c) Q7 z) Z5 I6 A; @" Z* K& Ahttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197 R) v- M0 b5 \- f
* z9 S& N1 d# m) r# R: T- r22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer
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. [8 x; [( c7 QScience and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas
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( E( \; `! Z# P, N% EA study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.
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The study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.9 a6 b9 P( w; B- h4 C5 c" P: p
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The team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.+ B/ k7 M. t$ S' g$ M Q: c2 Y
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The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.
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The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.# h; F: M4 A+ E" W/ r
; ^1 P/ S3 R5 L$ n2 P& S; {+ q+ LTheir means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.
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One of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.
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At its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.
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8 X( k$ n. d( g: d& j\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.2 p# J: m% h: ], A; q3 d
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\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.1 F- Z$ k4 i; U0 b' E. y) T7 ]* K
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\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"( {7 T$ B( u! T( G# h# F* y
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Dr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"
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The team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.6 a& U5 y1 ?7 Y" U/ o. j9 ]
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They found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.
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And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.
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However, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.
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\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.! q$ Z( o' ], |4 R2 K
, d* `; j1 t; Z( j: X- j- g/ {However, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\".
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. o' a8 P5 R4 Z k3 I\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.) l; g/ g2 h6 R" G4 n2 _1 S
" z$ H/ \2 {$ h& m2 z& ~ p5 b\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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