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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197
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0 A6 X- n$ O- I+ \22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer& l6 N' y# h9 }! N
4 F; B! Z8 v1 F! @Science and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas
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: }! Z8 `6 U' _A study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.2 A; B5 ^" M5 | D% O
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The study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.
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The team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.) p K( M+ t! d
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The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.3 @7 T! T! e0 o$ w% L: ^# }8 M% x
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The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.
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Their means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.5 B. {/ _' M3 w2 o
$ I Z \# i# OOne of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.$ `4 R/ Y% j/ _
5 f& d: X- I' V" A& l9 l$ {0 }. `At its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.1 f9 V: R c3 ~7 s; M: L
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\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona., @+ _( z6 u7 c+ f6 v
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\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.+ K5 e( p+ V5 B+ e% ?( F
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\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"
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Dr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"' X2 g d0 D! |. Y
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The team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.
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They found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.+ d% z8 v% w) O) Q! N; `
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And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.1 N* e( W! W: R/ p$ r. J/ `3 I
# W- _; }( ~ h9 z- fHowever, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.
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\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.
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) E8 n+ q8 ^' b$ z' d# EHowever, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\".
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\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.
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\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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