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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
" V+ E! N5 X* H2 S' U: qInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
# L: z& _4 [' v9 i: s! }syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
; a7 H- y7 X* T! w2 L) _. tand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
2 i: [5 x" H: j) `/ T9 U) }1 |(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of$ n" L; o" `3 s5 k
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).1 @, A7 Q# @! I( ]* s! u2 `
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
' D6 T: E$ w3 D# [: v[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
1 K p2 o5 S, s' _6 i7 S2 H(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving6 s, s8 e. y+ Q2 L3 i
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on1 S4 ^/ @% O: A: q
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset3 k5 A9 z& x* _9 s) M
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two. ]( f- P) r! [) }
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a! {' { [( C) Y1 K& p& l6 M
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
0 a& R1 W7 @8 b5 x* I9 j! O+ Dend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
) F! B5 d% K( q9 r: E4 e# D0 pcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
, f! p. g/ c athe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..; p9 B7 H8 W3 i9 R0 m
2 I7 h: x3 ]0 ~! X% M9 a/ @(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)) h' L, l Y" v* X
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
