 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The& N3 [2 F2 }% {7 l4 F8 Y
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the. k7 E+ i- t+ J9 t6 A4 B# X( ~; l* F
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
- |) g; E/ y7 c' Z2 \and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
/ G& W" P, o. A i(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of& m, ]; @) u3 |, a
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
8 R7 }/ b# l8 \ L- u5 E1 C$ KA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=4 K/ w6 U/ n5 w* n2 c6 D: c$ n& f
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]6 n& R: u7 J- `8 N
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
" ~& J. [$ P1 C- w. Z' T( s. kretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on& q6 u0 _# y: R5 K7 k+ e6 B8 F
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
: y$ N) ]- Q% s) v$ F# z(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
7 D3 h: s( {+ ~' H0 v1 N2 }segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a$ z2 I' u5 C# `9 @+ d7 Y* h1 I$ v
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.; q, C3 [) n8 R& ~% s/ H5 J
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
# w1 u' V: K5 x. E8 Bcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
; b+ y$ g4 T+ v& Ethe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..; | A1 g: Q- G, M: d/ [! l5 X) h
" e4 V) ~6 {9 T
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
5 W6 u; ?1 L J9 tand American speakers of English, |
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