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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:9 D( D" x3 J0 ~8 C* k/ h7 `
( u7 L k! E7 T+ ], C1 A" u7 n1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》), ]' ~8 t: K* s- R7 ^# K' u5 S+ p
2 \) c) d+ p+ c8 {5 ^1 b: u8 cWealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)7 I* p* M! }1 s5 O- i. h9 K
/ A# {7 ~7 q z& ?2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)
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It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译) + `7 y# g. u: N' B0 @
1 @. b, s9 M* a* F' Z3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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3 ^. V# i0 ~* N7 @6 l8 u: t FWho says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)/ ~ }2 J6 B# }: ^) z9 {
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4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》)
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) C- s0 r; L* f# a, W' w9 L- qShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)& o+ w7 B6 Y- z
# I, I- Q, P/ T, R: ]" A5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)6 l+ `: m+ ~& }; r4 e
" p) d+ ? V# _7 y; n# RMy meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)
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6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译): s$ n- N `0 j) A. \" K- E
- h, H* I; R0 U' d% H( X6 {) |, R7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)- N" c8 b W6 B- Z+ O
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You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me
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such blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)
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" x! r/ z7 R) y* m8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)' k, l+ g B$ l$ g3 G- N! ^$ `
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Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love/ _4 B/ b' V; i1 D3 K3 J
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with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。
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然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:. c6 ^3 h& R f1 u9 D2 _/ _
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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5 ?- D4 {% N. M2 |: o; D0 f; w, g" EYour talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.0 x. s' O! K* e2 ]( b
7 q3 o* x) S8 k; `; Q5 ]" Z2 S% r不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:3 d- x% f% S3 T7 k
7 f7 d2 W; I D3 w5 }4 k7 @11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?
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This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems
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that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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