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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
/ e7 u' u: h/ w, R% w( @7 i3 A" U2 K! |2 k) [3 k
Proof: * H* n- J* Z' o$ k, f6 s. c7 W
Let n >1 be an integer
8 D7 a1 Y& q+ n( ^' L8 [Basis: (n=2)
* {5 q% i( s. o/ t 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3 U! Z4 C6 N; C5 {# R
& ^- C% Z; _% `( D' ^# KInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that* |) m5 P A9 T* d
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.+ q- S6 W4 n7 V5 b1 f4 q
5 v4 j1 E5 o& O1 }. VNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
7 ?$ _# B+ B, s8 Isince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
. i8 P; h' o7 F: P/ D. V4 G" bThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1) e( p$ l1 ^8 |, w# h1 [" M# |2 h
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K, M v* n/ c, I* S* [
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
) w+ s" I. K k8 [* D = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)% V, @# W! m5 R% i# f' s
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0( ~, V r# A: F7 M; o
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
/ D2 u; B: n3 i = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)* T* s O$ w% r, W2 Q# Z2 @9 `
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3% C' D$ P$ B3 w+ D/ ~) M9 y
2 e& ?, m9 Y4 S5 Z3 i' R5 x. g
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
; ~. W0 w2 i7 I, a( u- s( |7 A3 W& D. C6 J
[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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