 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 g( e' K% d" i' @( e R0 F% OFormal Statements
$ s* _" S* c: N, p" O$ i# d 1. Public Speeches
" ?4 L* \& Q9 X" R% u# N$ ` 2. Letters of opposition or support
& V {' z; t/ N: G9 M/ I 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* Y$ X: K0 r4 z; J
4. Signed public statements
, k$ w0 e/ ]4 e$ h5 B3 M) Q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 S& }5 S1 r3 |; R3 p" s$ H 6. Group or mass petitions- ^8 L( ~, G$ y9 |; P$ _6 s
3 d& C& G0 Z U, s7 K
Communications with a Wider Audience
- p' h, J0 @) E6 B/ E1 C9 n 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 w6 `; z5 ?$ z1 Z$ n, s. R 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 k, R) y: g2 o3 v7 a 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books4 c5 j5 c2 ]. `+ d
10. Newspapers and journals5 B6 Z7 f) U8 _: {
11. Records, radio, and television
+ ?' }& [/ {" w& `/ i$ U! ^ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" ]8 I% [' Q/ G) p
6 X; K# r& B9 _6 q# A' j' N+ @Group Representations
+ R, o- R/ s; u. _3 N! M 13. Deputations f# y% H! R* _5 a
14. Mock awards
# x. J6 C+ ] l 15. Group lobbying
, s( G- Q j/ n8 T9 R. T8 i2 \; h 16. Picketing
1 [$ q+ r& l- s% h* } 17. Mock elections& E8 X* \9 e# I5 b
4 h) w2 P9 i; {# G4 |- hSymbolic Public Acts
# t4 A* m: i" ^. K7 E4 S 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ \& _4 M# o. x- `" |# A' N
19. Wearing of symbols
& D6 d) ~8 ?. G7 F' T2 k! L7 k 20. Prayer and worship8 }( N; ~1 X6 _ d" d1 R
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 F6 U7 {! I( |. X' I 22. Protest disrobings4 P: _1 I/ _& z3 K" ^
23. Destruction of own property
8 x" H2 N, S: M/ _ ~5 j 24. Symbolic lights
- d$ B9 L- ?/ m% L! j, [ 25. Displays of portraits
2 ]2 j& m. M) Y$ z' ^+ e2 a 26. Paint as protest
/ F) @& F( L. I6 y& P8 z 27. New signs and names
& o. S4 F% p4 x 28. Symbolic sounds
3 |* E8 `4 G* u* j. C, K( I5 Z 29. Symbolic reclamations
7 E' s i( b5 }! Q 30. Rude gestures
/ w. H4 e) q2 M/ Q, g* t
# V+ _2 n0 t) L2 k) [Pressures on Individuals
. l) p5 `# @& R/ \, z- X% l! V+ g$ F 31. “Haunting” officials
) T0 u7 t7 Q9 Y( Q6 _) X+ } 32. Taunting officials8 P. [: `2 I* D1 A: ]5 b
33. Fraternization
9 ^, `# k7 _+ t4 b 34. Vigils
! V9 R5 F* H: _4 H2 i7 f
; A# C: t/ I6 yDrama and Music) n0 h" g) b0 a1 a) Z6 }
35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ m+ k0 b! z2 g2 f: }$ I 36. Performances of plays and music8 c' p4 x; w5 f0 G; h7 R
37. Singing
3 e ^/ M! a3 I1 Q
. V' i, V p& i5 X: {/ }; pProcessions
2 C6 ~' r8 l- Z' ^. g 38. Marches
: a' w4 N( ?1 h: l: m 39. Parades
, W; ^# p$ O5 i8 a 40. Religious processions: W# f1 o" Y S/ X
41. Pilgrimages
8 S+ i Y& R, C8 a. Q 42. Motorcades4 M1 u8 ^' M( P3 {' A: ?) c
- n. }7 {4 Z# f Y/ b0 K$ {Honoring the Dead! e% Q6 p6 X- m2 f
43. Political mourning1 O, V6 F4 q/ ~+ Y6 |
44. Mock funerals, r: r& M! C9 Z6 M
45. Demonstrative funerals
# Y. F% |+ u f' F8 ^ 46. Homage at burial places" V# y. ^+ n" y K, l9 r
2 \: b& Z" k: _0 q# q# y( ?Public Assemblies1 a0 l0 @$ G* v
47. Assemblies of protest or support+ h( _8 n3 B, O: w
48. Protest meetings
3 r, z, c. z/ D. g) E* t 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 B% u8 R" j7 _- A1 R) ` 50. Teach-ins3 ~; l) |' o/ K- l) M
/ b" E- ?, u/ p4 s% U- v6 P
Withdrawal and Renunciation2 z) q3 A+ d3 r, s1 ]7 v; Q4 j
51. Walk-outs
1 u. c3 U! h# R( J: L1 C3 T 52. Silence
" H5 L9 O& R. K0 o! i 53. Renouncing honors
! Q, A8 ?/ W7 H+ F* v8 c# n" Y, W 54. Turning one’s back0 W4 q2 D# B: g$ Y3 R# q( Q
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0 K, _+ J. g. Y4 JTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
. |$ ]2 K# K# l' t d8 } 55. Social boycott7 k# V t5 ?( |
56. Selective social boycott1 S. H# [/ a& P7 N5 Q
57. Lysistratic nonaction
" x R8 b0 \- j: A; @: x 58. Excommunication' A& d6 Z) \- j
59. Interdict4 j. c9 A D" K- D
5 W' |* o" }3 i6 J1 i* j
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) s6 v7 K; g( c$ I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 U9 ~2 R6 @0 l$ K( f0 E 61. Boycott of social affairs3 O' _( Q2 F5 u) a2 X
62. Student strike1 s. t9 l7 W' C/ k9 B& P7 U
63. Social disobedience- I9 h9 E; n3 C+ m0 J" c) j) N7 r
64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 ^9 `& s4 F5 e
6 j* d* a a% M7 Z2 k
Withdrawal from the Social System
. n9 r- f7 n( W 65. Stay-at-home7 Q; p2 t+ j- S) p: S9 h
66. Total personal noncooperation
+ z9 f; w1 l7 J 67. “Flight” of workers$ S* H( k1 `4 k" z/ A3 \: m) H
68. Sanctuary
0 `% Y( }1 y& n& @" T7 D 69. Collective disappearance
6 s; R- R: N; r 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): W; X- C; Z5 z! W
2 g5 Z0 X* E4 d* x
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 v; W2 a6 a$ o
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0 X' U% @/ @" e2 I- ] }9 KActions by Consumers6 Z7 Y8 ?; y) Y6 I9 j @
71. Consumers’ boycott
# v2 `5 [, t4 I- W. }/ E" [- g( n 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
" |2 M" ]- s. F. M 73. Policy of austerity
$ {! z! h: w! |, h. Y" o 74. Rent withholding
. x( t: T2 ~- w9 k u8 o% k5 B 75. Refusal to rent
+ c9 a. L/ a# S5 q 76. National consumers’ boycott2 O# R2 T0 ~0 c: `
77. International consumers’ boycott- N7 V- V5 R5 e2 V9 _
5 s/ ]1 ^+ Y/ u1 d& @% HAction by Workers and Producers
5 O* f9 N5 t( J9 w( ` 78. Workmen’s boycott! x9 [ |* z m) [2 G* ^
79. Producers’ boycott: c! D1 T; d5 x
" `- ^+ Q/ k. @7 b( E: ]
Action by Middlemen
9 |# \* V* j4 D% S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 ` |3 R3 q" ^( s+ S, l5 D3 }
. e: P2 n7 k/ K, |' X, `8 ?- _Action by Owners and Management
) H( N0 e* T0 d. j4 o 81. Traders’ boycott
$ e* [2 m: B+ k2 s 82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 c5 Z# G! t+ c5 |1 W5 Y& u- S7 u 83. Lockout6 `% i. Z6 @) Y7 |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 ]. P4 r. c3 Q4 x* c1 j+ c 85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ e z! z e5 x( B
) F. t A1 Q1 x% i( lAction by Holders of Financial Resources
6 G3 L+ P* N* \# l3 O C 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, Y* ]3 n* [3 c3 R) [. v0 R 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
3 }$ f5 E- a0 }' C! X 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest/ F/ g" S1 n8 k5 j) w
89. Severance of funds and credit
4 b7 I) f6 v$ H5 e. C4 p1 @ 90. Revenue refusal
+ q; h5 N6 I3 T$ q% ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money6 d1 Z* i7 @' j9 m3 ~
/ g/ ]& ?. i/ ]3 X6 V! t3 o; h% ~
Action by Governments$ Z! U; o1 A* V# p! R. p1 `, W( E
92. Domestic embargo4 k/ L+ i5 m+ _% r P
93. Blacklisting of traders
" _/ Q- }" y8 |" |1 `6 f 94. International sellers’ embargo
4 x" X, {/ ~: {; T& I; _* { 95. International buyers’ embargo
- B( T T3 x3 a q 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE7 X. a" T. J6 J% ?1 d4 R
7 P% \6 ], J# l6 s5 O
7 Q- M) B. o2 [. H$ LSymbolic Strikes
5 V6 Y6 l/ E9 j: u- K5 @ 97. Protest strike
; c# c$ R) L" c$ M9 V* W8 C 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
4 G' z7 {- H; t- r: V; x* ]: h* w: ^/ ~2 K" \- p
Agricultural Strikes; f' A7 \" n5 \$ c
99. Peasant strike: |4 j! w' P% C- L; f5 L1 q
100. Farm Workers’ strike! N( z, C) D1 n9 f9 B
( q0 N& j1 V" v& m& O' U6 P% \Strikes by Special Groups
& l& D" ?; A0 j- [$ _5 X5 ~ 101. Refusal of impressed labor ?# y) D$ P2 [( m# ^
102. Prisoners’ strike, {( c% C) l1 Z
103. Craft strike
+ D* p& N, Q; g& F5 t! Y7 u 104. Professional strike" ?& `( |. p, c1 O4 U1 O% F
+ v+ n' Y( C& }Ordinary Industrial Strikes
( D) _6 ]( s$ s8 d 105. Establishment strike& m' m) q2 T, @( a
106. Industry strike
5 p8 v' j! B+ L( |% _& @1 F4 v 107. Sympathetic strike
# ?+ v2 B x; R; x; z* b) e0 n2 }$ t& J7 N$ f
Restricted Strikes
' \) | |/ T! n2 @' @3 [# S 108. Detailed strike
' b, k+ M8 x+ w8 H3 l6 V 109. Bumper strike
7 P9 P2 Q' l y! @ 110. Slowdown strike
9 C$ p9 s# q6 U+ Q& V9 u# B 111. Working-to-rule strike
% z5 N1 e3 L" ~! t$ Y4 N 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) @3 o& }8 Z+ k+ x4 R& R! r" } 113. Strike by resignation
( y" R3 a0 Q# T9 W4 e+ t5 [7 O3 V 114. Limited strike: Z8 I4 r `' e. v. K% K
115. Selective strike" y" F9 ?! a+ j, @
" T* F. l! q I5 ~) CMulti-Industry Strikes7 s$ Z3 N4 W4 P9 c, D
$ F# f9 |: z4 w; Q
116. Generalized strike
2 Q, S9 Y3 `0 z5 w
9 H8 a: Q4 m/ g7 ?' @ p 117. General strike/ y4 J, O6 ^3 k2 w% B% @& q
y: \5 ]: q% M7 z! F3 mCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
# ~# ?; ^6 ?( {+ }9 |8 @
0 o1 c4 ?- [4 [6 q- T: R 118. Hartal
4 X% g* h; o% E& Q' a1 r
5 L' Y7 k' E! T% l' { 119. Economic shutdown( G* f! j# Q9 b7 F
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1 O" l1 I; e0 S" X& b) x! E; d+ H% {( J6 U, t5 G/ D* {
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 D; P, h3 ~) I
4 e* d. }# m9 {7 g4 x ( d( T; N- O a6 z
Rejection of Authority8 d% u D2 _1 R: l" P& C2 q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' Y) t4 q3 h5 c( L 121. Refusal of public support
! m: E3 [3 R. l" e8 x 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- ^$ p1 s5 N" a, O+ p. F( y5 |1 p
3 w/ B( ~4 o( z6 T! k( k0 ?Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 D- J9 X% c, Z$ B9 r2 k4 r 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
! ?+ \0 _" L' P 124. Boycott of elections& e+ H% M9 |$ h$ O, z4 k
125. Boycott of government employment and positions. P& |! M" g6 H/ d4 Q+ S
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; M, D/ d, S C% M: p, o$ b
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
/ x! x) z( u6 V+ E$ N 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% N( K, e$ E G0 D. m4 d 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' K+ ~: D, ^! C2 R 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ W5 U& }4 Z: J; A1 y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials! B6 {! b" Q% }
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 c, H5 v* u* F" v. |9 J' m9 G% w+ b
0 x& o! p' {# n. D4 ACitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& H3 A ]2 |0 L/ @5 g5 T7 o 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 G8 J- \- |. [6 Y 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ R& {' l& I, t4 M9 {+ k 135. Popular nonobedience* k' P# C, @6 ?( H- t, U, v
136. Disguised disobedience
& Y! W# p1 t6 W+ F' P# J 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 s) k7 q) Z9 o( R& @ C" X 138. Sitdown6 L5 @$ F( V; ]) r
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 \& J! Z4 ~9 }6 q$ b c
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities9 a s5 }4 J C- r
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( Q4 J, K4 a/ M8 \1 m: E: N+ s
. E& d/ z: _, @' dAction by Government Personnel
" P1 R' L6 Q5 }; r- d1 s) I9 g1 X4 { 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 `$ o; c R6 w4 k8 y* V: u 143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ @1 ^7 v. b# j3 I4 i. i/ i! v
144. Stalling and obstruction. n& f w0 @. t) a- p( x
145. General administrative noncooperation
" p: Z+ P1 ~ C" n( s- x- _) w' B! g$ T& z- [9 d. D) ~+ L v
146. Judicial noncooperation
7 z f" w% Y( g- j5 s) l 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" `4 v4 ~9 F% f( S: w
148. Mutiny
3 l3 v; D, Z2 wDomestic Governmental Action7 O$ a4 @2 Q9 l4 \$ A- z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 P+ @! ~ h( k0 [1 l: d
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) X4 q" M: y% ]3 s5 M) U3 |
8 ^7 G0 `) ]# uInternational Governmental Action
! k6 Z$ x! z4 ?- c 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 M1 i5 u; S, m7 A8 ^- R& | X 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ G7 b& z4 S! H 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
4 P7 j8 o& K3 [4 d8 v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ i7 P& z: A% P2 W& J& v' I# l
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' k1 _7 G/ X& p% y8 m 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies L( R0 c( b5 w( A
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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& M- k+ Y( Y' FTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 S/ Z- `- e6 E3 ~5 ?3 }
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Psychological Intervention2 C% Y0 \# T& \
158. Self-exposure to the elements* W; S: e U3 T/ O
159. The fast' N& K0 {7 J9 {5 `
a) Fast of moral pressure6 E0 O; O8 v3 b3 }' L6 o# g B
b) Hunger strike
! ~( D0 B! m% P; o: _ c) Satyagrahic fast) [# Z6 d: [2 p% \" O$ J
160. Reverse trial- u5 Z4 h( |' V
161. Nonviolent harassment& Z0 U m' Y9 b8 ?8 j
9 X. A/ x b' ^Physical Intervention
1 v7 _0 Q) q! O& j- [- i 162. Sit-in
, `6 v9 Q* z2 D1 k4 q* q, J K 163. Stand-in
) {5 A8 h% h) ]0 ? 164. Ride-in
7 f6 g3 g+ o, A) |! i) Q 165. Wade-in
0 Y. z/ @: A% `# X$ C- e4 v. q 166. Mill-in
& F. V: R+ \" f0 N2 L1 B 167. Pray-in
; c$ }, U+ H$ F& ~ 168. Nonviolent raids2 Y; |# Z" f2 k" q
169. Nonviolent air raids
: i/ G/ }2 ]" o) j. e7 x9 Q% b 170. Nonviolent invasion1 I) E8 p% O- o( A- [
171. Nonviolent interjection
! l7 k* H3 e4 P* R _& }3 l 172. Nonviolent obstruction: o# P( y6 |: J" T: Q# u9 O3 g# T
173. Nonviolent occupation
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$ u+ f* F" J7 ySocial Intervention1 p( O+ x% h) n& |) L _. [. i0 o4 Z
174. Establishing new social patterns
4 A. w9 ]5 \) R9 c& m- o 175. Overloading of facilities1 F' P8 R6 Z% m( G2 n1 d
176. Stall-in+ S; Q4 H9 H. J/ L" c
177. Speak-in$ r# W* M; i8 u7 N
178. Guerrilla theater
6 ^& V# u8 X' v0 ?0 y. `; ^" C 179. Alternative social institutions
5 `) C* ? Y% D3 y. G6 x 180. Alternative communication system3 r _( _# l2 j! x) F- c
, E P5 f! K. x2 p1 r$ y0 [2 q
Economic Intervention
+ R- T" @1 k& l; m% h P9 L, \ 181. Reverse strike
9 Y l; H6 s7 D$ P# N 182. Stay-in strike
0 x" k' o: ~7 z- x6 {) W 183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 \1 c% O( [" r; z- K/ m. J 184. Defiance of blockades
: U' v% c, X# g' C2 J 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ m2 W! x7 j% G* T! D 186. Preclusive purchasing
9 L, S9 R, g7 A2 V! I9 ^ 187. Seizure of assets
, M$ a' \' C% d$ b/ d4 q: J" @ 188. Dumping
- A! r. v9 y7 h* X1 K4 f 189. Selective patronage
' b5 t( v/ l1 X1 C 190. Alternative markets; f* F- x: \9 V. M. e
191. Alternative transportation systems+ o) H) E5 i# \
192. Alternative economic institutions" d0 o; m6 G- {. W* r
1 I6 a' T6 c7 S1 [4 j* @! t9 E4 _
Political Intervention f s9 @5 o* f" ?- M8 ~; @8 V
193. Overloading of administrative systems1 P' l# B0 {9 S3 g. W$ J
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) F( H8 m" h1 s7 Q2 x
195. Seeking imprisonment
# b, x7 Y6 g/ k; n 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# j, _1 I' f2 h+ F# g6 C; ]; w
197. Work-on without collaboration* C; n# s) [+ A
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
