 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- d- _; W3 r n6 W, |3 B" ^7 Q' g
Formal Statements J+ t/ Z, k* F( ?
1. Public Speeches: q+ g: l7 g: T/ M1 Z9 h; {* g
2. Letters of opposition or support4 L6 h* \4 H5 ~0 _' |0 w
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. {9 M- c& ]3 E) W7 V 4. Signed public statements
# E$ ^5 A5 q8 c4 t 5. Declarations of indictment and intention" i6 n" K0 Q; o' p$ m& ?2 R
6. Group or mass petitions3 P4 A9 `% q. @4 v/ g4 G* H
) H) `! ~# O$ D- BCommunications with a Wider Audience& d4 }( y, O8 C, q# l9 p" \ a
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 @' E9 y& m9 n3 I4 w7 r 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 j6 y& U6 b4 m" T* E
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 j7 T) x; Q5 {& ^6 w9 S% O 10. Newspapers and journals; [) v$ [/ N5 r2 a- g# A8 G
11. Records, radio, and television$ R+ Y3 d/ j7 n9 F" I! r, y9 ]
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% \8 {6 y+ r$ O7 l) G" ]* c
6 s: a/ i6 U6 z6 E- z: mGroup Representations: y8 U; O6 k' R
13. Deputations
+ @6 s6 P. ?! e6 v 14. Mock awards
* \: ?$ Z- J( }- d 15. Group lobbying/ Y p- w) b& ]7 M2 O
16. Picketing
/ n( z& z+ H% A0 L 17. Mock elections
; R P8 l7 o+ b3 M. R1 g) `9 Z9 o) }9 {0 F+ S
Symbolic Public Acts5 S* z0 v3 J' \4 W/ Q/ J/ L
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ X! K( }8 Y3 T3 X* M& E2 |. F8 Q3 T9 f z
19. Wearing of symbols
; [: I$ b/ B/ w2 c s4 S 20. Prayer and worship! V: p4 |" b* X$ U' c- G
21. Delivering symbolic objects6 x1 T& K3 n( A
22. Protest disrobings
. {8 K6 D$ G" l3 ?- e 23. Destruction of own property. j% q- e$ O+ K' R" @
24. Symbolic lights0 l( H `2 Y' w
25. Displays of portraits, v: G. {" `# W
26. Paint as protest: T5 L3 G4 D7 J( h
27. New signs and names3 e6 o% L: p1 d2 U
28. Symbolic sounds
$ m- X' [& y2 g, A* K5 z7 Z5 K( P 29. Symbolic reclamations* \/ g$ a: O6 c* H l
30. Rude gestures
, | F# p3 r p v+ S( D0 w9 m6 @# F5 D( p" m; T, u" f* E
Pressures on Individuals4 E) o1 m e" ^/ o" z$ U$ g
31. “Haunting” officials) n! f3 w# |/ b: O& C7 k
32. Taunting officials
0 w: C* J8 n# h N 33. Fraternization6 K G. ]9 h4 x
34. Vigils. X: e# e8 a" R, \ u
9 t% z8 `# I( M3 n
Drama and Music
- O( ^, p+ m- ~7 U% I 35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 }2 }6 i5 [- m 36. Performances of plays and music% u: F- R% J* T0 R" [! Y
37. Singing# L" C! Y7 g" O- ~- _
. b" ^0 I. `$ _% h4 S" MProcessions
' ^; p8 {, T0 D" }3 c, t0 j7 Q 38. Marches
, Q9 E/ \. _: D3 N1 \0 o3 J 39. Parades
% b* T, e6 r$ X4 j: H 40. Religious processions, L1 k N" j. R5 z7 a
41. Pilgrimages' A. `$ D' U6 {
42. Motorcades: S7 U: E% f% Q
* C/ R4 `8 [- K. F* J
Honoring the Dead
3 O+ A4 z! u; j2 C6 s 43. Political mourning
0 W# w& I& I9 I( o 44. Mock funerals
, o+ G! ^! S! W9 \ 45. Demonstrative funerals0 d7 S2 \* _0 k7 z. E a
46. Homage at burial places2 W/ p3 |' r7 r7 J
1 m7 y; \6 t/ P+ s5 XPublic Assemblies( _9 @7 w. V$ _* A1 s
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 Z: }) g/ d* i9 i 48. Protest meetings
& w; t" a% J7 v* _! S 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ E* `0 ?$ h2 Z0 f- I
50. Teach-ins& C+ Y5 ?9 t# s
0 _; l5 l; M% y7 X! ]$ lWithdrawal and Renunciation5 H" F; E, u- P) B; F* C
51. Walk-outs
" j4 F2 g; C8 \, M0 p' z 52. Silence
7 W4 H5 Y8 l! h& {# T( `4 t/ d 53. Renouncing honors
$ \1 O- P/ z; k# ? 54. Turning one’s back
4 @) H2 f9 U( {" r1 w* ~
( d- g/ N# R& N( B5 M) c6 S
* e* D E/ X7 }1 U
7 z1 o) F' H- Z* H- n9 RTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
' r/ j$ E; l, N) K, d, w! j/ R6 d1 V& `7 z9 T3 s5 W# ?
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& W* W9 @9 c1 p6 W7 n# G, H
Ostracism of Persons. n% }/ k/ a% V- @8 \4 \5 i
55. Social boycott. z( }5 R' U9 t$ N
56. Selective social boycott
! y( F4 T2 e9 h' U9 v6 i, | 57. Lysistratic nonaction
' X* \+ k0 H% Q' c: E* q+ R4 w4 G 58. Excommunication
) ~5 c. D& u. z, I 59. Interdict
. j7 ]0 J4 y2 F5 p3 Q
% m' w% Z/ K3 vNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 [% \% }1 d& c6 U/ t9 |
60. Suspension of social and sports activities i$ t! C" o5 }# e
61. Boycott of social affairs
' g1 o- O$ |: h+ N' ~' E6 d- y 62. Student strike- j/ e5 A2 F( i" l
63. Social disobedience" N" a C7 g) D2 K4 B
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 m) V, K" b8 i0 {2 _/ Q k4 a& A1 d' Y) R1 a' r& h- o6 B' e% m
Withdrawal from the Social System6 |% p2 x0 s1 U' }) E7 k: ?: r$ T A
65. Stay-at-home. v8 X1 B! o. h d
66. Total personal noncooperation" } ^4 `5 k- ?' ^8 L1 J7 a0 U
67. “Flight” of workers
6 x# o6 D j$ |4 {/ F/ j 68. Sanctuary
9 D( b1 h) x* ~8 D$ h7 a/ N 69. Collective disappearance
8 e+ V7 m9 n7 S% G 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ t/ L! M( z! C7 \
i! V: ~& _( D1 K. G4 D : w) f5 y$ v" G& v* Y, N$ m. K8 T
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& ~& i: d ~; E/ ?2 x
* y2 l" v! k+ N' Z4 g( i8 k
+ j8 Q' f8 K9 ?9 l+ R" T8 VActions by Consumers
E) C0 ], G) v; }& g 71. Consumers’ boycott
2 G6 I2 t" `/ u* p3 j! i 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ V* k: t# W& ^ 73. Policy of austerity0 j2 j: u9 O: a" [- Q4 Q' k5 ^
74. Rent withholding
' ^' V- ^$ R* x* _ 75. Refusal to rent
) h5 O* x. K$ x. n8 y6 q7 | 76. National consumers’ boycott5 L3 b. {# r1 L# Z3 C( X" ~
77. International consumers’ boycott
% Z9 u) l" r2 p6 N; ]6 K3 g6 |& ~7 i+ r# D+ K, o
Action by Workers and Producers
/ D& g0 e" D, q& U/ q 78. Workmen’s boycott
" h9 F9 S, ]( t/ R" f, i 79. Producers’ boycott5 S3 Z- d2 w3 s1 s& ?
/ T. {$ N9 g2 u1 E; P
Action by Middlemen
. e9 p$ b" E* S$ W 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% n, Z# d' M# \7 O
: C3 ]: g& O% e* \* K- `' _
Action by Owners and Management! }' t4 D. Z! Y6 t
81. Traders’ boycott2 M9 U& a1 y G9 f
82. Refusal to let or sell property5 \8 x3 `0 W4 {
83. Lockout
8 K6 q. Z3 j# `& _ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 x$ s; X1 [6 P9 O 85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ Z0 ~, \6 o) ^' z. e; {
9 P* z9 p' D- j/ r; s' l- ^7 \; J* I. tAction by Holders of Financial Resources
7 t; V) P, j! g: N 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( o( O" A3 P% |: B: { 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
# k7 _) u0 n; H) X 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: z7 }" ^) e; |. Z3 J9 J; u q. G: ?4 i
89. Severance of funds and credit- F& m% p" F3 v( ~- Q5 d
90. Revenue refusal9 O; b0 [. `# p3 n0 ]+ d) }, e3 a
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 s0 a7 [$ R% t% M2 W) h% F0 N* `# v: S* i+ x
Action by Governments
5 k/ h; @/ l4 g" T r4 I' x 92. Domestic embargo
$ ~4 `/ O+ s7 n/ B 93. Blacklisting of traders" P& {" Q/ Z' c2 E# O
94. International sellers’ embargo, i ~' v. Y; c) Z5 }
95. International buyers’ embargo' T' ~( Z1 U6 e. [9 D
96. International trade embargo3 I! @" l- j5 C5 `0 z( b# O: B
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- U) u' V9 q5 J! o& vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
6 _( K/ @$ a: y0 B
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3 g; m' v, i0 C7 @5 Q! ?Symbolic Strikes" F7 L. B3 c* R
97. Protest strike1 w- {, O. y- z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). y& T( y) g C5 u1 i5 r2 p
- n" Q2 j b. `1 {% e
Agricultural Strikes- d) p0 T& _! x; W& @3 K W
99. Peasant strike
" z2 G" P$ W+ B: C( F 100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 H0 }% j1 L7 u. w r( n! P, A* `2 ]8 i) L/ |1 B( N9 F# w- h" C
Strikes by Special Groups
& N9 r3 Q: G5 x) D' F4 g6 e 101. Refusal of impressed labor1 i+ {: p& A, _/ F% c
102. Prisoners’ strike
d/ ^. G- S i 103. Craft strike7 ~: S- |! o7 Q v$ H/ a% y
104. Professional strike( L, @ I3 E7 q; t- |" R7 L
+ f* U4 l$ y+ V# yOrdinary Industrial Strikes5 t) e; Z% {! u6 B5 q9 L" u3 m- } ^
105. Establishment strike
" K3 v4 w+ }' p0 ^7 O5 y 106. Industry strike8 i8 T4 [/ a9 H( I5 W7 h
107. Sympathetic strike
9 t% w) D$ A8 ?, P$ a. ?, ^# E, y& e
Restricted Strikes( W: ^! G; j% k6 d" {- {% X
108. Detailed strike" c! l- q* S7 p a* D+ z
109. Bumper strike$ u) {. [$ O p# X5 _
110. Slowdown strike
* q& k, T$ G' w6 h" H0 [% t+ n+ { 111. Working-to-rule strike6 d: n( Y/ Z/ n* G3 T- J6 ]3 \
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 V1 H' P! z" S 113. Strike by resignation
: o/ A) q6 x( H5 p, S4 o3 M 114. Limited strike; u2 S. x& {& O4 q; }' A
115. Selective strike1 `/ G! l) E* I: [9 T( Q
P3 |3 ]$ G! a& _Multi-Industry Strikes
2 F9 J: O% q+ ^! _
% z$ F! k$ @: y9 l 116. Generalized strike* D2 T: t3 k# d" y U9 [* V
2 z3 [1 | B3 l5 a2 j$ n5 i 117. General strike
M# A" O- K& b2 B3 c1 X9 _. Y6 K5 T* S3 x4 |# L- `& ~
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 m. @; h3 i! i1 R
5 ?. {% m6 o K! F8 C9 L+ F 118. Hartal1 W% Z7 _5 _3 c8 l8 R
3 u! j. L: |: ?
119. Economic shutdown5 I Q0 S) x4 a/ p8 ^5 v/ d+ D
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3 h+ \! p, D# m2 @+ ATHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: `( I' J9 X4 Q: q9 S. E( N0 V
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4 r3 b5 n2 O8 c
Rejection of Authority/ o: i) a; O3 Q! N1 P0 t- \
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 W* G/ J4 b8 o' J8 k' |! [, @ 121. Refusal of public support
2 D$ ]( c6 C8 F- R 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
, ]) v% |! h) A' c/ a, O9 u. i% D0 ^+ x$ q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ |9 P t/ b c* H! r0 i
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
0 r# t1 C# O+ {, u/ q5 O 124. Boycott of elections: Q9 A( ~4 J g& x3 D$ r
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 t' x8 [! T# Q) b/ g/ Y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; n# n- m7 Z9 W0 C, p f 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, s x+ h/ F& n7 o' ` 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; d: ?' e5 V9 p: a 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 `# V2 w k; g# w
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 N; O1 i0 W3 t 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ d+ t& J$ O2 T& P8 }, b) G& I
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 N1 H; J8 b7 T; O6 R+ m3 y/ S1 u# k0 T3 |! n
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' h0 L* u1 [$ ~2 k( Y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 H* m: W% Q# [
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- h5 L2 Q8 R- q& @- I
135. Popular nonobedience
' a0 [) u `1 P9 u8 y* T( M 136. Disguised disobedience" O3 w* m3 R b! {8 q. J/ Q" E
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 j1 k1 t; d# n2 [$ H, w 138. Sitdown M- P7 m9 j) Z: e; i6 ]5 F2 F/ Q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 I' ?/ a3 _5 z# Z' E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% H. {9 N3 a* J4 {
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 o* f8 I5 \) d( J) Y
# }% d" {5 @: _& [8 F: kAction by Government Personnel
" y1 m$ M3 N: [' {7 F& [ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides x+ Q$ \ X7 ?, A z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! y' I; ~; V, [6 a/ Q% P
144. Stalling and obstruction
- R* k% w. x7 R3 K 145. General administrative noncooperation
9 n9 y+ o! J+ F" i' T0 C+ Z9 B# f/ b- b
; @% u1 h8 L: t$ ` 146. Judicial noncooperation+ M3 A5 f# e7 S) b
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 f8 M! r7 P0 y% x 148. Mutiny6 t6 ~ m8 q! ?
Domestic Governmental Action
1 ^* H1 U/ D( q; L/ b# s 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 S. V( p0 z# [9 |6 ]3 ] 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. E5 z- g# t: I7 j$ D. k- w; l
4 v2 U& f. [( e( l, v ]; ~. l
International Governmental Action
+ }: ?/ b( N3 X+ e8 J. { 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 Q5 p7 @% I) S8 s0 |5 L. W 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% ^2 W4 ^& n# Y4 e0 t
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" {: U9 C r- x8 @
154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 K: o0 O' L; q2 A# R0 `# X$ @
155. Withdrawal from international organizations' s- |9 b; Z; u/ M# J7 d# A* e: S
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# B2 J5 c$ Y( Z% Q6 |8 o: R 157. Expulsion from international organizations* A6 w! J" \6 p- a; R3 `
: ^5 i* Y( u; Y/ L2 z
% N7 S; M$ {& P* R, I# q) T, l
; h! b5 V/ F V& ?% }% e* vTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 H; I! p B) ]! c6 @- t/ \5 B% ^
$ A4 B6 X% c7 P E
4 ~/ G9 v% Z$ p2 k0 w! {" e x! W C
Psychological Intervention$ A( B1 `8 n* f/ k6 D
158. Self-exposure to the elements! ^* d8 I. A# q, @( t% O" v% C3 ?* w
159. The fast. w8 L5 R" W" U2 D, P5 ?" S
a) Fast of moral pressure. i( B6 g) ?1 R$ R# v7 O0 O
b) Hunger strike; Q5 W* [/ e( v, s4 @5 d+ q
c) Satyagrahic fast, B5 K$ X/ X0 W/ s4 o* I
160. Reverse trial
8 B& A- B4 t. x9 s$ d6 N 161. Nonviolent harassment* q- U3 W8 y G3 F
( A; x8 t H7 B8 w! P& k7 C: B# W) S- b
Physical Intervention/ P4 s1 C8 h, k4 l4 l& n8 H' w
162. Sit-in
W0 w5 O% p8 T/ L5 F6 F 163. Stand-in
8 ?% p! `+ Q+ k, t* m T* a 164. Ride-in$ ^4 T6 x* M# J( \
165. Wade-in
, P# ]1 C7 [' `) x- V( |5 B 166. Mill-in; \" Y1 ~$ @4 d; T. g6 H$ X
167. Pray-in4 E; h5 h3 h7 M# X1 v% n4 W5 {
168. Nonviolent raids
8 a. ~5 C! P, I( O( g6 e 169. Nonviolent air raids3 y# q% O5 M; Q; b
170. Nonviolent invasion7 R! u2 ?" B* ^; N" P
171. Nonviolent interjection2 }& @+ ]$ l6 C; a' j; q
172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 n" W/ L8 M" t 173. Nonviolent occupation
" @; M2 ~. }* k, p3 B2 d* ~2 v4 W3 ]& Z+ X
Social Intervention
, Q* e/ o2 x3 s8 G" ^ 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 p' y5 F( S% ] 175. Overloading of facilities% G7 ~5 A: ?" b' X `
176. Stall-in
" Z: p( e7 d6 r3 e" I' D0 g 177. Speak-in" u5 j' t# a6 D& Z
178. Guerrilla theater. E b+ r2 y; D5 t, T
179. Alternative social institutions
( X5 W+ \& s( i- g 180. Alternative communication system: R3 Z2 J. ` u+ @5 y: ~" `
" G; b" U9 p* K4 Z' s: O2 a
Economic Intervention
8 }" q9 Y: R v4 ]1 | 181. Reverse strike% Y6 y# ` a# ?6 C
182. Stay-in strike
$ v7 C! m0 _/ G4 F6 v" ]$ E 183. Nonviolent land seizure- p2 c( ?% J3 o
184. Defiance of blockades
3 `$ W% y: }" ~+ Y) E% z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
0 e) d4 g+ y) U1 ?' s6 u$ X* D4 z 186. Preclusive purchasing5 ~# w8 Q8 r+ t: \. s
187. Seizure of assets6 A9 D" q; B( ~, y2 q4 i0 G: t
188. Dumping) N" f4 @3 p0 X; a" s% q* l( I
189. Selective patronage3 X' F8 B' T, H3 ~4 v$ |
190. Alternative markets
; w5 m! d* s) k- S6 M/ T7 T 191. Alternative transportation systems0 `5 K- @- l, G+ `$ k
192. Alternative economic institutions$ I& D, c( ?, D8 F: M0 ?
) ]! @+ L/ |" \' x7 n+ X3 x9 R
Political Intervention6 K+ H" x; n& s/ L2 y1 P, T
193. Overloading of administrative systems; }% b( F$ _2 N1 N+ V
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- S4 w4 y( l7 p6 L5 r p$ E1 q. d) j0 h+ V
195. Seeking imprisonment, }/ x8 M8 e: T! r! {4 F3 y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
/ @: J* Q( H7 I: I$ | 197. Work-on without collaboration/ E1 n$ R6 W$ T8 K) r8 ~
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
