 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ Y( m6 t5 f5 Q: e* z7 M/ v
Formal Statements o& E% V( q2 a+ l* j, a( ^
1. Public Speeches% f5 g4 g2 V& E) x! w* M
2. Letters of opposition or support0 x! {/ d& }" b% e; p
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! q- I( O0 s. z y/ |* C7 E
4. Signed public statements
5 j; b2 c/ _, b) b/ K8 y0 I 5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 g" e& m+ s0 N3 g' c' O c; @
6. Group or mass petitions. w X o: v/ w6 Z
" O3 G3 w+ P, y& M, l9 B( H: t9 gCommunications with a Wider Audience
" Q: f0 s& L" E6 t 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
/ n( V8 I! L0 U& \* r( i/ I! F; N: ~ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 g* C' N0 |7 w0 G
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* B w% I3 n/ g5 g2 \. J
10. Newspapers and journals
; O8 h, p" o; o. F0 E: A4 o0 ] 11. Records, radio, and television
5 f2 [8 o& v3 B9 B& V& j$ X/ } 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 T7 G9 U' P) C7 [8 Q1 m( W9 J; z4 G0 ]; t! j3 P( J# o
Group Representations, d& D% m I2 {7 F
13. Deputations' u' T9 H: Z. ?
14. Mock awards
7 |+ E3 a8 F% k5 Q 15. Group lobbying
! w5 E, O5 t) c/ {9 O3 i" _ 16. Picketing* W o+ [- v- ~9 }3 b1 o! Y6 t
17. Mock elections
: _; C# x: o8 q) p: h9 @3 a5 x: ~+ m7 p9 n! r7 H7 ]0 Y
Symbolic Public Acts B& g0 K/ S- Y+ R9 k
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) P. E2 f7 ~/ U6 x( q. P" M3 U 19. Wearing of symbols7 t1 ?, H- L. g& g _; V" ^
20. Prayer and worship
# @ S% b2 [1 b9 C; v$ o% |. Z+ T0 ` 21. Delivering symbolic objects) x/ L! B$ E4 q! U
22. Protest disrobings
4 \5 j1 H$ X/ |5 y- d 23. Destruction of own property3 `( x0 P o- a$ @/ j. Q0 Z, f" b
24. Symbolic lights
9 @" r. H2 g& u* z( e. } 25. Displays of portraits, O4 Y: M' w j" N9 t0 C. R
26. Paint as protest
* _4 |" b" L( x5 U: c( e 27. New signs and names2 g2 K1 B9 o- ?- X) L0 c Q7 x
28. Symbolic sounds
$ }6 j4 ]- \) w& `( l9 Q& | 29. Symbolic reclamations- a E# ?; N* c5 `
30. Rude gestures4 k6 b7 V3 U( p: P! X
: j4 u$ [# Y! l; q# hPressures on Individuals
3 `3 U( @% O! |1 v) E 31. “Haunting” officials! k* T4 o v9 i
32. Taunting officials
9 k$ q; I$ k5 H4 _ O3 ]9 w+ F C+ ] 33. Fraternization* H( g* V: I. `
34. Vigils2 a. c* \8 t5 w
( V& F, V( S% O) C
Drama and Music
! z7 d$ I- ~! }. u7 E F D 35. Humorous skits and pranks
# u8 `6 S Z7 `, b4 G; L- H7 j$ S 36. Performances of plays and music: T; B/ q( S0 F8 _
37. Singing
$ o) z; n( L! O; I6 y A, }( t( W) P/ [. Z/ f$ l5 K: P6 U6 P
Processions
4 Z! V# ?# P* {; L; F' s 38. Marches
$ _- b4 ]$ ]$ C2 e" j& F 39. Parades) R3 h( W4 e7 A9 l* ^1 d- g4 Q/ ?3 h
40. Religious processions; `0 K9 p" [6 L# c7 N
41. Pilgrimages
8 c" d' Z1 j/ S8 V" l/ z 42. Motorcades# c& k& x( G5 E; n8 C
+ y0 f( P/ z% R7 Y) f
Honoring the Dead
9 G& D7 B2 b. H# G, C6 a 43. Political mourning! U y/ k- e! T1 [- x
44. Mock funerals# Z. R1 r* a$ X! e8 n
45. Demonstrative funerals
) }2 D @7 k$ } l 46. Homage at burial places& H$ v$ C# H/ h: ]) k7 I
) g0 l2 v8 n2 ~Public Assemblies
) u" N) H$ h8 X/ F( X 47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 H1 L2 t2 |. L7 z% d1 ?" k 48. Protest meetings
& T# b6 i! N2 S* i 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 s4 k* J- l% O% M0 |) k 50. Teach-ins/ L' s+ Q! Z% ]
; t: w& Q' D! Q" I
Withdrawal and Renunciation) L0 `: c# t' g5 p0 ^
51. Walk-outs( n6 w; D* R7 m- y' E5 G6 h
52. Silence# l- S! c# S j2 z& G
53. Renouncing honors1 u8 H( N( q. d0 R
54. Turning one’s back
7 u: ]& q* ?$ D) y9 q: x, k& P# V& o
' ^ l7 p8 q* y
2 @5 v6 i8 I- c: A% JTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 K1 ]+ a/ Z% J7 Z$ I6 r [" N: v$ P8 b) h
5 X+ b% L$ ^- ]8 B! b) p1 I, E, H6 t
Ostracism of Persons3 ~, A0 @/ n( m6 r
55. Social boycott
! P" m& h& k- y) m f3 F4 M" |6 N 56. Selective social boycott/ P( C ^/ Y5 c p7 h9 L q& h: I
57. Lysistratic nonaction
' f2 s8 Z. P' t' Q: Y 58. Excommunication, o* Q0 D0 ]& S! s2 Q4 R
59. Interdict
4 p* K" b' h4 o( @; O
7 E/ `1 X7 y- W/ P- a0 q, V+ Z" E0 DNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 H& S k9 @/ U6 i4 Y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ f/ I+ V4 L9 m# a1 ?/ O
61. Boycott of social affairs
& U5 f' q7 m7 D+ ^5 K1 P L6 | 62. Student strike
9 K+ r0 N: S1 c 63. Social disobedience/ p. Y0 |/ v4 ]' R
64. Withdrawal from social institutions, Q/ I. R# i5 a! g2 o. m {
( d% \9 \7 n4 I1 M
Withdrawal from the Social System) @3 j5 b" P9 E* o6 y- q8 r4 S
65. Stay-at-home
2 C# Q5 [* b, @1 o# S1 R 66. Total personal noncooperation
9 ^! _' H: H- m/ r0 z 67. “Flight” of workers; y C* y4 C$ B2 W! ?
68. Sanctuary8 b8 ?6 `# r9 d; n! a$ K
69. Collective disappearance4 d6 f- S6 P& [/ M+ ?/ X$ Q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 U4 t- b7 B3 n9 w6 J1 G
6 _+ x4 }% q& f. X, A
! i# K% ^6 r; v( c# [4 z
; l& _+ m9 X2 O9 [% z; O% E) f: mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
# K, o2 g! X: \; I d# m7 i' W% }* B# s$ E% U F$ N. [7 u
- F w: l: x: o5 g5 Q& G) CActions by Consumers
8 s6 H6 q/ }" t# I/ m0 g8 S 71. Consumers’ boycott
b9 R* x6 o* v; { 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
2 j* K4 n3 P( p! Q& B. j# K 73. Policy of austerity
" b7 c$ E$ l X! c 74. Rent withholding: |- C2 i# R6 b8 R' v+ {
75. Refusal to rent
0 o: u+ q& ?$ e 76. National consumers’ boycott
: Q7 }( e9 O# W: ?! _ 77. International consumers’ boycott5 \" x4 F x0 M+ j0 m6 E7 H
' I4 B+ C- b3 [ ^" M# T
Action by Workers and Producers2 s* ^* i2 B- t* y( `
78. Workmen’s boycott
9 B! p- P) f8 o8 y! z8 I 79. Producers’ boycott# u" N: N6 j7 m0 h1 T: I
" _( O( `" [' u4 B* h4 g
Action by Middlemen
; [- i* z8 m) p3 b2 Z) N 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
- ]/ p3 M: E+ `# n! r2 J4 O) V# R0 u: C2 X
Action by Owners and Management9 v' B' i- y0 F1 y: `- z Y" w* A
81. Traders’ boycott
- a4 z+ `, m$ R: e 82. Refusal to let or sell property% u8 F( L/ C& ]0 ~
83. Lockout7 M- J- }4 E" F0 t W' J
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! o5 d% f9 ?: [& H
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
6 a1 R9 C& g2 o( B* y4 h: o2 n; c+ g2 M5 o$ c
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( e7 J+ O+ [& Y4 x. `8 R3 ] 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; {" @5 [9 |) r* ?
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' I9 L$ C: K* A8 ~
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- t0 M. ]) X* e: o 89. Severance of funds and credit
# H7 d1 F) w$ A$ ? 90. Revenue refusal3 Q" v. M3 X6 u6 n; r" q
91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 Y6 U {. J0 C1 Q4 F+ o+ ?9 D: C( ^0 k& d
Action by Governments
: p2 G* z# C' _. K) T 92. Domestic embargo
& [& S( w# U& m1 v1 s) z1 {2 H 93. Blacklisting of traders% b) R1 ^6 Z5 b
94. International sellers’ embargo4 F. r& c9 I) ]) y+ ]% r) I
95. International buyers’ embargo! F6 x- z3 @1 x. V6 h* c- W+ K0 y
96. International trade embargo
7 Z+ V/ g0 Z; v# H \+ u/ q* i! y. l
+ }5 F6 p- C! K 9 `( L: l4 N* R2 a9 ~" [+ p- `* t
2 m" }* l* r$ X) E+ i, q8 N3 I2 `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE M4 G! Z9 b M9 ]8 O' b
( Q1 }3 R0 R! ^' |) p4 j2 S* S * B0 M- ?4 H$ ] |, {
Symbolic Strikes, L* K |+ S/ s( K2 ^) F
97. Protest strike9 `% g9 B; L/ f; x0 b
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 E; P1 ^& ^+ p g; z7 r% @3 |" J7 M0 Z" Z7 m
Agricultural Strikes
6 R& E' o# z, X* ]% a 99. Peasant strike
) g( o, _! }3 j. Z3 r: k 100. Farm Workers’ strike
! K3 W6 [# H1 D0 K9 {8 o! \# h- b8 p$ \& i0 u4 _
Strikes by Special Groups
8 z1 A2 J5 n. J+ P3 Y 101. Refusal of impressed labor+ K( }) R5 k! [+ \
102. Prisoners’ strike/ a1 j1 s; T- J$ X: [) n
103. Craft strike
: S. Z/ y. o5 r, J9 P 104. Professional strike
' W: B2 u! w' B1 z/ O" F9 h2 L5 [" t9 a. _0 I& d, h2 t" O
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 r& D+ ?5 w! c" j1 {- \/ M 105. Establishment strike, s6 c _7 u, ]2 o! M9 s; o
106. Industry strike+ R; p E+ I' m- l3 K1 X
107. Sympathetic strike3 G4 j, R% S) h. `1 t
* h) L$ j# M6 x9 S0 Y4 n- DRestricted Strikes
4 G$ X6 J* e i# @$ f( C" H8 M 108. Detailed strike
& d# r& t4 A& P3 c 109. Bumper strike
: r( S$ o0 T- z3 h 110. Slowdown strike
0 a, u/ ^: I7 N F 111. Working-to-rule strike
$ T8 _# l& B: z* B+ o 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% O0 ~5 A' z& k! b
113. Strike by resignation! i; `# \3 K& J" D' Q
114. Limited strike
" j8 k- M1 N' V' T6 Y$ D7 a 115. Selective strike
( X0 [8 N- Y6 q# ~0 R; o d+ r( p- ?; G& r2 r
Multi-Industry Strikes) i6 n" A O2 L4 T% V3 f, |
' U% n5 w) ^* B( p0 I
116. Generalized strike; c. U* E6 ]2 J0 ?) |' Y! G* ^& t
1 u! k8 k0 j4 V; T# P3 [# ^ 117. General strike C# C' E0 p) @& X
( g& M6 r" t0 g0 r+ A5 pCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 B. Q* Z/ W" S: |$ N) i
* [! C+ B& g6 ] Y' V 118. Hartal
% w6 Z9 C* x: W+ B7 v
9 k8 w; Q( r- @0 P1 t2 f E 119. Economic shutdown
! V; n! x4 {0 P
0 l& ^; J" h. o6 E / n4 _/ S' ]8 p1 A' n" G2 U
/ Z6 B+ I$ q6 `
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
W1 k% ~! f% S
4 a' K$ v0 B4 K! _ 5 c$ E6 P0 W3 j$ J, Y. O- i; {
Rejection of Authority( E) N! _+ B$ b, K* _/ ^
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
o2 ~* o( b* m+ i* C 121. Refusal of public support
/ U+ T+ A0 a! o- m8 ^" Z# N. w 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# d" Q# w% i4 t" n4 a8 I
& h: N$ N+ E7 a% _. `
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government: i/ p; |; e- U8 o0 A
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ Z" @& @8 b9 F, j8 ]
124. Boycott of elections
9 c2 Y5 W( `# }& V 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* ]7 N: E* d! M$ ?; z4 }' {2 f 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 z8 K+ H8 c6 F3 {) ] 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% @9 Y: W& @' s" H! w6 S; ] 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ ^% }4 }' v5 x2 s
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ t$ c6 E$ {$ G3 f6 R7 W 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
* D+ P! c/ n+ a" z( r2 V H: Y. I& k# [ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 m2 W; [: K9 S0 o( B
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions( B( e$ O% _4 P0 h8 o* _5 l
% h: a6 B# B. w( g" {6 t
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' T- M: h$ j" | v9 t2 }. l* N' n2 o
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# \2 y: e# l$ ~6 J S, D
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision* [: n) G5 M. ]
135. Popular nonobedience6 s& a% v% e4 z
136. Disguised disobedience
+ ]' F( y: H: O+ W3 U: c2 k 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 I: I5 N* ]7 Y0 C9 h, {% H- ]
138. Sitdown8 s8 \8 T f- s. I" |5 v. ^
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation9 B/ Q) ~% J) F% y6 K1 f1 q2 l
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 V& {: k% o8 I4 F. f) | 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ M" Y4 j4 y# R( `1 z# M' m" O. ]; e
Action by Government Personnel2 o8 t4 y( t' _
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 x/ h, d, x' V, i& K4 V
143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 p$ G$ V2 h. t. @/ \1 Q5 u6 M" C
144. Stalling and obstruction
8 D1 {9 q) ~# f0 @6 A 145. General administrative noncooperation
3 k$ A' w# }1 J3 I n& s" D" F- C( n, r/ s; R* R) s$ i9 O8 M1 |
146. Judicial noncooperation3 j' i. C" D/ O
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) N8 }2 C T7 l+ H0 S, q9 ~, o( q! E
148. Mutiny
* B; w, w# M \: M7 @* ~/ KDomestic Governmental Action
. v3 B" T' Z# X8 Y; X( a, n2 a 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, O: a1 ~( Y* y/ I 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' O! ^7 G8 X% J' k
& T) T1 q# W* [
International Governmental Action7 o8 V0 O9 s, F# d$ W3 ?# {
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 Y( e" ]2 [' A6 b2 k: P
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" o# R; y; H8 t2 S/ h d 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- O0 a: T* I- k 154. Severance of diplomatic relations! \+ s: o% X; ~0 h
155. Withdrawal from international organizations* r5 |6 B5 O: \7 T
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 S! W) [' E( d5 o7 s
157. Expulsion from international organizations
* A' v7 o6 {4 P8 w3 Q7 H0 y1 Q% k3 m3 f# c1 S+ ^$ c
! `) c5 q8 H4 {- ?8 I: c' O+ |5 K1 y
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- q: N2 B3 M$ m7 |
5 ^$ h2 a& N$ k# Y
7 [* [6 V' {6 N( v, ]1 s! J; B. {) [
Psychological Intervention B4 p5 [. n5 a" |! c2 V
158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 N- ?; H/ G' u9 w" [4 R9 T( n 159. The fast# i/ z7 ~" `0 c+ n2 C
a) Fast of moral pressure) c% ?: e' _' J( r
b) Hunger strike
" ?3 p" d1 W. n+ I* n+ l/ V) d c) Satyagrahic fast
; }+ e- u+ d I3 }8 u 160. Reverse trial" b* p6 T& T) t$ y. u/ U
161. Nonviolent harassment
+ v4 M$ a2 A4 i9 `& M" u
: u) V" ]& M* _) G5 R9 OPhysical Intervention/ K, {, h: x/ V7 h) e
162. Sit-in* m( ]' y; @4 |7 n
163. Stand-in/ U/ [ |/ Z) ^5 g
164. Ride-in* R0 @+ V+ ?0 X# d% h+ z* @. B
165. Wade-in
3 q% b7 o9 M. \$ j* J 166. Mill-in
( S& T2 r1 d5 K# w. k! o& ]/ X 167. Pray-in* T |5 T* S3 s3 s
168. Nonviolent raids
* F% [0 }. }! A$ c 169. Nonviolent air raids$ w8 x5 R" Z0 ?/ ~4 y. _: t
170. Nonviolent invasion0 o9 `1 @# {" \
171. Nonviolent interjection
1 h9 E P! X2 h! v 172. Nonviolent obstruction) s+ A) W# D2 t+ g( B' d
173. Nonviolent occupation
, }" K+ f5 @) T9 q
2 b/ w, N9 t1 m/ FSocial Intervention: I! p8 W* A0 i+ t3 a) [
174. Establishing new social patterns5 o- ^6 J S/ L! t4 I9 _/ F
175. Overloading of facilities
: Z# e3 D% d) O% B$ [ 176. Stall-in
5 d: R) }, f3 E% \; b 177. Speak-in
( @ d) h7 h) R9 T1 V 178. Guerrilla theater
3 k7 G0 I0 [0 l5 F& D 179. Alternative social institutions6 ~ J9 P+ i! A5 { K
180. Alternative communication system
9 z* J4 s* @2 m( ]
; _, |. m( H- f# QEconomic Intervention
8 u9 w/ r; A( N5 u0 ^0 P M( j 181. Reverse strike
C- H; G {+ n6 t& k 182. Stay-in strike- B8 {" I8 C! o9 `- M2 H/ r
183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 C" _% j3 C: Q: O8 Z8 @ 184. Defiance of blockades
/ M" V8 A& F2 C3 P 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" U; C$ I* @; D* N' y* e. V
186. Preclusive purchasing% ]6 R5 q' n! Z% p* v: y
187. Seizure of assets
a$ d3 q6 `* N; s/ y 188. Dumping6 U8 E: v& ?1 Z7 V) L
189. Selective patronage6 B/ I8 i4 H+ f$ C7 ]1 N/ F3 Y
190. Alternative markets( k& v9 N; k" N4 v
191. Alternative transportation systems' a0 m- m4 i: m5 o) `
192. Alternative economic institutions
/ D8 a0 J" E) d5 U# O$ n8 p
) c, Z/ t5 y( _ }* I: RPolitical Intervention" f3 o, P6 v. @+ k
193. Overloading of administrative systems
) a, R" K9 _4 W 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- s0 \9 @9 c! R8 I5 b" |
195. Seeking imprisonment/ _7 C4 S x" M
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% G, q1 s, J: k8 K/ G1 |9 I 197. Work-on without collaboration
! Y( r6 M4 E9 ~( s3 a! K$ g' D 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
; `! W7 x) j' d) {; R
- M9 C+ c& N2 s8 o5 ]7 X |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
