 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; b3 [, c }- y) s) A
Formal Statements
; _ ^6 K9 u5 A, y+ l% L+ |/ ` 1. Public Speeches5 T5 T g: ]" J8 k
2. Letters of opposition or support4 D7 a, q7 B. i V" `# }3 w/ F9 M
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; P0 G5 q( L9 U- ^& Z 4. Signed public statements
, J8 |3 ]1 x U @ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 A3 d3 K: F/ ?/ u' O8 H
6. Group or mass petitions/ [6 M( a* |5 K, Q0 n @
7 c$ A6 W7 O0 H9 \2 b9 d1 u$ \* mCommunications with a Wider Audience
3 {6 z3 C5 }- J; l! } 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% D/ R1 G+ G, k" P 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
( {9 C& \+ P# X 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# C9 w9 S& I5 ^6 I
10. Newspapers and journals. V, u3 ^( |( k8 s7 }4 A) P4 p2 x+ _
11. Records, radio, and television
" M* X0 V* l# V0 y! h2 b, y( @ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 w/ b5 F- a1 Y$ }# B' Z' `2 ~4 b4 ]" u
3 x' }4 s% j* N+ _' T
Group Representations8 K8 A* _6 ?$ a6 O) r2 C* k5 g
13. Deputations
; ^8 r% w! I/ l 14. Mock awards: v3 Y* s! ~+ Q' v9 ^
15. Group lobbying
& \$ X' W5 d; T, G 16. Picketing) O) N3 |6 a- W
17. Mock elections
! B$ S/ N' G7 P
4 I" P4 y! V4 j" HSymbolic Public Acts3 u) d7 `% G5 U( S
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 B4 |7 k) y! Y2 r* v8 Y" [
19. Wearing of symbols1 Z1 V- y4 P+ {9 e1 i
20. Prayer and worship$ h9 \( b& _+ d% B* Z: y' V
21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 Y+ L) h9 l- |" b& Q, j 22. Protest disrobings
8 o } _# n: C. \ d& k 23. Destruction of own property
+ m' z! K* |9 K' I$ j. b; M 24. Symbolic lights
2 T K( {# m' W( q2 ~. Y 25. Displays of portraits3 z/ x; K- |: B7 i8 _) N
26. Paint as protest
. T* h1 X& l4 D 27. New signs and names* r9 |5 o4 H7 `# x) ? a: H$ N/ K
28. Symbolic sounds/ m# M1 p. F7 v5 h
29. Symbolic reclamations
$ |5 q3 a1 T. _1 G! g, V+ m* M. q3 O I 30. Rude gestures
: g( ~3 T' p' P4 p- i4 I
$ l, I6 u: u7 d9 |Pressures on Individuals
* F; `4 B1 @& y/ X. I$ E& ^/ i 31. “Haunting” officials! J6 J Y( e+ L( |
32. Taunting officials! G' g. h& ]( E C; P) R' b) n2 r) d
33. Fraternization
8 F9 x( ]4 z) [8 X 34. Vigils
9 Q4 \3 D+ p; ^% }% \* E9 _1 T3 y
( \9 c" q7 C: f* ]Drama and Music
* T+ S. m8 p+ H$ U/ U" w) Q6 w( Z 35. Humorous skits and pranks
\# E; n- `5 [& V4 q 36. Performances of plays and music
, o) o( o @, M9 z: n( i 37. Singing2 U$ ^5 o6 B/ K& S8 F: r
6 H# G" Q: T, U& K, R" W/ E
Processions
. N! t5 o. d# ]! o# ` 38. Marches1 \- b2 G+ o7 y1 v2 n) \6 j8 o
39. Parades
{2 X2 N+ \; x L: V 40. Religious processions
1 T8 P! f7 B5 g& g* R 41. Pilgrimages
E; S( j! O) l: Y0 F 42. Motorcades
2 W" T# @7 x! r+ t, p
8 ?2 J, J" {( N n, CHonoring the Dead* K8 a( j6 X% l0 [% @
43. Political mourning
w, d* Z: {1 b+ w. v% H) J& ^2 z 44. Mock funerals
, }% k7 k+ q8 n# w 45. Demonstrative funerals, p, |# C" z, F* k
46. Homage at burial places- a1 W0 P$ {5 Q9 C
) [! G8 N' K$ _
Public Assemblies
% x" ~0 Z) [; a! {1 N* v9 S/ C 47. Assemblies of protest or support
, J) s W. _ N. ~# {* P. R* C 48. Protest meetings" m7 _! r0 i6 o* K6 O
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 a7 q+ D. A; @$ Y( W
50. Teach-ins% Q) f3 Y* l* s5 r7 M4 k2 S8 X
+ b k7 j& }! V' U3 f0 z: W
Withdrawal and Renunciation
x5 [7 i/ F: P+ N/ \2 R% U* E; r 51. Walk-outs
& o" j7 |* D7 J8 y" C 52. Silence+ \1 Q( s9 `# d+ V! ?
53. Renouncing honors4 g& O4 H1 g8 g6 w9 P+ ]2 E. r
54. Turning one’s back
# @% C0 t/ u) e3 j e7 o' k1 x# G1 T: W/ n* D: b
6 _- B: c/ z2 O3 O- D: v I
2 \8 e2 e6 a7 o. LTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 L: K+ x- E4 Q/ q7 i9 Y1 S; |
% ?9 d5 ^/ J, G5 F4 m5 x2 F5 J
+ a/ `" O$ J$ |7 Q5 r, u% B( G& Z, I4 @! N/ z- L
Ostracism of Persons d% i- f# ?& {( \
55. Social boycott
" Y# ~) J; e- H% P% e2 J7 @ 56. Selective social boycott# b# K' A) t$ S, @: _
57. Lysistratic nonaction) j6 i6 k! w h& _8 L* R; B
58. Excommunication
4 [9 q) v }4 E) j! j 59. Interdict
- x+ O- \( g3 ?1 y7 j! W- V8 j& ^6 U' M; ~$ H: ?
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ D5 i! d7 l. g$ f1 j
60. Suspension of social and sports activities* {0 a r0 i. S! m% I9 ^: \/ Z, z
61. Boycott of social affairs' y7 A1 s- E% k7 ^1 R% l0 [
62. Student strike
8 Z9 W7 B7 h* p8 o3 ~ 63. Social disobedience
y. ~$ B# b p 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
" Z* w+ I7 z2 E9 R }8 a, [8 k3 S0 Y" W! I. y
Withdrawal from the Social System) B$ W) I% v R
65. Stay-at-home( g. F) ~- r& T0 ~1 W) B9 \
66. Total personal noncooperation/ P/ l7 Q ^$ g+ m; |8 ~5 O
67. “Flight” of workers
4 A! p. t7 S# w% J! ~+ S& ^ 68. Sanctuary
( D0 D# K6 u3 k. ] 69. Collective disappearance
* o# M4 q" W1 q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
- r# G# _8 O$ b1 s, `9 B: T2 y1 J% ?' L& D5 J
' V) \! p; [1 _/ j$ k; ]% x& n! x0 _3 N) |
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( K3 w T9 M5 L3 \7 ~# v/ E
- k/ N8 _) }+ c$ I
6 b9 ?" Q: t; }Actions by Consumers
5 s( D5 w6 S: q. U/ x8 d 71. Consumers’ boycott
* A) H0 ^# m+ a* H 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 t- w2 q3 E' ~% f7 a* I
73. Policy of austerity
4 |; C& ?) u! f8 ^ Y 74. Rent withholding
K& E6 t8 k6 N* c0 Z 75. Refusal to rent+ S5 q4 l" d; s1 [+ G
76. National consumers’ boycott, @5 ?" r2 Z5 E3 B- b2 o
77. International consumers’ boycott7 t* [: c, E1 F( b) B
`7 T. \$ P" T# a0 B; c8 hAction by Workers and Producers
( G& @! O' |3 y% @6 T 78. Workmen’s boycott( v/ D8 ^6 L" |) [ X( c
79. Producers’ boycott
; _' [ g M" j: _
) X6 M. e S. J$ Y2 \+ G/ ?Action by Middlemen
6 m, V- i# I' L: ?3 r5 d% s 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 C8 K8 c1 u5 a( m7 k' q0 X O# {) ~
Action by Owners and Management' T/ r3 h9 W2 q5 m5 v& T+ \0 c5 @1 H
81. Traders’ boycott
$ I; n! a/ B8 J& Q/ r. f 82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 a! S2 e1 ~; x* Q8 c 83. Lockout
' g* A0 j& |9 [5 k 84. Refusal of industrial assistance6 W! h6 Z& g, {$ N
85. Merchants’ “general strike”# y5 ]1 v5 }% g7 P0 ~% n. v
8 w8 M# m2 i& U
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 {6 t" q, b/ H2 D9 v6 a, O9 y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# [" Y5 m6 c# V1 T. n& \ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) u0 X0 ?& I& W3 k3 d: M3 z% j
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 s5 |9 j/ C/ J7 ` 89. Severance of funds and credit
& v! S% s [. @- h H 90. Revenue refusal v5 h. ]; E' D
91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 D/ ^8 z6 h7 R3 W+ D! e' A. \9 U% W9 b4 w2 H. X
Action by Governments( A& U' ?( Q" j! H" P5 \- j. |2 y
92. Domestic embargo9 o1 a9 {. g, g1 W
93. Blacklisting of traders' \7 i6 Z- u' |: r* a) d
94. International sellers’ embargo# P; w& f* P S) }5 A
95. International buyers’ embargo# g; Y% V, T6 I" {! k
96. International trade embargo& P7 Q% h3 e, |3 S
1 }; {' L/ c5 ~: ?- Z' \9 P9 z : R7 M0 h8 w2 y O! i% B, f" `
+ d, c0 U1 }. T6 k8 a s/ [
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
" F! p8 N* b5 W8 G0 g
) ~) {0 c% k* t7 ~& ]8 k ! h* q- y! r; m
Symbolic Strikes! d) o I% m* i f5 s( W/ h; @3 W
97. Protest strike
/ Y6 R8 }$ |8 \6 q, E" q5 k; ? 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 }1 r. N. ^' S! D( q# Y$ s
1 x; d% l5 x! s( eAgricultural Strikes {; [3 n! q8 Z! f9 `" t: g
99. Peasant strike% x; R6 s; U" i! E6 f: j
100. Farm Workers’ strike
! ?& J" S& R, X2 Y7 U6 ?: r! f6 C) w, |% E- E) N5 h% a- Y
Strikes by Special Groups1 ] O; q/ @7 ]4 _' ]/ _( N: X$ m
101. Refusal of impressed labor. A/ c8 z. h& Z( I4 ]
102. Prisoners’ strike
) K0 z( e8 o& x$ q 103. Craft strike
i& K( z. n1 u' K ?7 K+ p 104. Professional strike$ o4 V, P. y4 o f/ Y: P$ O! k
) d% E; r9 B' T5 L* K
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
& p4 Z; g. ^, F/ R' v 105. Establishment strike
( r# j( [4 n; U! J! N- x 106. Industry strike5 r) e, N. m5 v8 e" T/ ?# j
107. Sympathetic strike
% A6 I4 N3 |2 A0 W" w# Y" Y; l
0 c8 T! O) M YRestricted Strikes) B- I( E+ j5 u; Z
108. Detailed strike( K* ^9 B( l0 Q* F. u' E
109. Bumper strike N; h9 z' K0 ~$ o2 Q; b
110. Slowdown strike
9 D: b5 U6 g* \ 111. Working-to-rule strike
! B3 i+ \6 O1 L! J2 ^ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 z1 S6 M c7 g) ~- ?
113. Strike by resignation. P# i4 q' k$ J
114. Limited strike
! B8 p& t- ]- ^% p/ q 115. Selective strike
/ U& e6 t* z9 m2 S3 u; r6 q) M+ f$ i- _* s' i
Multi-Industry Strikes# H/ c& B# l8 f5 c& d
0 x# I" ~1 X4 Q& L 116. Generalized strike
+ R" d1 {& ?7 ]3 B
5 B$ Y" K. G% I2 _7 q3 T9 X 117. General strike
" O7 X; h0 X; D7 |" a5 E: u- }& I- o3 b P
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
0 @- o: {' m! H0 ]6 T' g7 C% U2 a. X8 E$ n- \: w i3 N
118. Hartal
?' H' C/ N* s' A
" l: ~5 H }+ j( k2 O$ A 119. Economic shutdown' c5 D5 J2 G9 y7 p, a
+ x2 j' ]( U* R \$ |! O
$ K7 G7 l9 S' T% i
* e0 M! I9 O$ ]THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
/ Q( o! y; a& x- w" _) Y1 f4 W2 D K* v: G+ S0 u9 W) _8 {2 L6 @
6 t2 F/ T5 L3 q+ Z6 x, N0 [Rejection of Authority
2 e4 f( V9 z4 W( ?! Q, q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 Z( @8 c; q' `1 J. Q 121. Refusal of public support
- Z% y2 ^: s; K% u- w9 W& {: Y 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 R+ N) h6 \1 g# v# L* h8 Z3 I: J, W# I3 [' n" p- ]7 c
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, i% B- [+ W+ U, `/ I 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 y" x7 G1 J7 v7 e$ e 124. Boycott of elections
9 C" D' x4 Y# |3 y2 r% k& b 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ I3 {5 G) I) ?3 K
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% b4 B- \" w" H2 o* T! A/ e! H 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 h! c% s" C$ r 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& Y+ [4 ~2 T; V4 K# \& S6 f9 Y# p
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% p8 \- c4 N5 S9 U, |! i, d 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 b& o0 V& c8 M; y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 ^0 I* u% | e) W* n 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. B k8 h* i: `1 W2 L5 Y. G% K
8 M$ e. k# j4 @9 A' P! ~ S3 BCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 P- A4 Q; J. I+ D( q* q! E6 X9 U$ m+ N 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( D. b6 b7 J1 q I; Y, }; K3 | 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( t5 e; ?7 G( S 135. Popular nonobedience
. G! v! A& L% o7 p7 [- z; g 136. Disguised disobedience- S, M+ K Z3 V: P3 f# O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 f% {0 s( c# _& }( T! z7 y
138. Sitdown
0 G3 t$ r; e5 _5 F* b" r: j 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: u% w4 m: K2 B
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( l9 w3 c: n6 i5 I. X% r- j6 h* H 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' c& i8 B$ I8 Y s: x, h4 T5 W/ G& \+ C" z/ A/ V: P6 Z! f+ o( q
Action by Government Personnel& j/ R9 t- t4 n& ]- k0 j+ O& @/ ~
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; x' l8 K! V. b5 H2 b
143. Blocking of lines of command and information* N+ m& a. e- ~" c+ u; {
144. Stalling and obstruction
7 G8 X# @6 R& A/ Y: r9 f: A 145. General administrative noncooperation7 i0 A. Y: f) i
X8 Q3 m& J( X7 c t 146. Judicial noncooperation, f- P5 c5 w5 u4 V. g6 E4 B. i+ k5 O
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
8 Q0 k. i( J) E/ D% F8 p* \3 p 148. Mutiny+ t' x% ]& K# c
Domestic Governmental Action; q: g }: X! T5 `% \- h' w0 I+ |
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) j6 @6 Q1 h* i, Y# ^" x$ {
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& d, v+ Z- F) ^& p6 ?! \% M* T K; t1 l5 r
International Governmental Action, ~) p, M9 k" p' C. [
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' Z" y( Y5 L3 y6 i1 G8 E
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: S) U( h _5 d* b4 n( H0 e
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& k1 O; s& R: D" O; P: [4 W 154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 y* d3 g+ I r
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 J i7 z1 s( i& Q5 o 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 j* M# Z. x) V$ h) B# i
157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 c k& x( O* z) @' b
- F. K7 K. K ]) E, Y; h 0 J0 h4 f1 c/ w0 D1 ~8 S6 V, O
) E3 k% s w# r6 x! x' UTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
! O6 j: B& l3 _ C" g0 P
" [) B7 ]7 m5 c' b) r / }, N- L/ o2 X+ M
Psychological Intervention
& h5 c' g( b2 Y) F6 h8 z+ _ 158. Self-exposure to the elements+ B; A; x* S. c& u+ I
159. The fast* i( I2 h) l* Q4 M
a) Fast of moral pressure/ z+ a& H1 T; I9 \/ B+ Y
b) Hunger strike
7 t; X( T( M. t% C. ^ c) Satyagrahic fast
3 b, X6 P l/ M+ C& L+ c 160. Reverse trial
/ c8 s- w0 M7 f& a8 B2 r) m 161. Nonviolent harassment
1 c' |- \5 \# u! F3 R2 n3 u: `. v5 k0 F5 J( h1 z
Physical Intervention' ~/ j) R$ `% x5 P ?$ M2 E& T1 B
162. Sit-in y8 ]- x F2 e' e7 i( `
163. Stand-in3 `: A( Y" o z' i+ Q3 S' [) S1 G! e9 g
164. Ride-in
# l$ I4 E, E0 l H7 f 165. Wade-in
# x/ f6 P7 E+ M& |" H6 m 166. Mill-in7 N& D& B' w; Q# q) N W
167. Pray-in6 B' q$ C; i+ n+ u1 Y( b
168. Nonviolent raids( E6 ~& v4 g. Z' F4 P' T' c2 `
169. Nonviolent air raids
" w- {7 @2 ?0 K) h8 K0 z 170. Nonviolent invasion
( I( x/ d7 d4 d9 P: z$ x5 O6 U1 Z 171. Nonviolent interjection
( O! t" N7 x7 H" R, g& K 172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ F7 s g* G0 P, Q0 t; W 173. Nonviolent occupation
X3 m. R1 M3 h/ f2 G
5 R, F5 W$ \# A! ^9 I+ bSocial Intervention; h: m$ ]4 L# x% s4 ^- S( N& @# |' O) h2 }
174. Establishing new social patterns
* p# M- q- W5 E$ r$ B) b' `9 R 175. Overloading of facilities9 y. ^! F4 E5 K9 G! x# c1 l6 n
176. Stall-in
+ ^' h; D3 c/ \! [ 177. Speak-in- C% ?6 N, |! |8 M4 Y2 b# V' A
178. Guerrilla theater& s1 T$ d# _& @
179. Alternative social institutions
2 f- t" k8 [+ d0 ]8 x 180. Alternative communication system" [1 |' b5 A+ Z' n0 x! N7 }
3 H# o; O) b- k9 a
Economic Intervention
3 k. v W; b: I M3 D5 F1 H 181. Reverse strike2 ]! m0 x3 X) ~/ O3 m3 G
182. Stay-in strike4 e. b2 j Z1 r2 N9 b) A2 ?
183. Nonviolent land seizure3 {& ~) n9 |( X# e' X5 [5 r0 W
184. Defiance of blockades
$ ^( n6 ~* w; _9 Q$ b" K8 E 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& Z- F. K0 \+ u, u p 186. Preclusive purchasing
! J `+ \# B( D8 _, X: u 187. Seizure of assets
/ h( D: g* F; F5 W+ l; D 188. Dumping- h* p5 D% G' w4 D
189. Selective patronage
) v; t: z! ^: {+ t# Z) m 190. Alternative markets5 F" ]6 K% m- p6 _7 ` t
191. Alternative transportation systems7 b1 C- s5 n5 ?7 H/ I" d7 `
192. Alternative economic institutions
6 F' B+ y" Q6 ~! N1 E: ], {$ {! d; k, ? k- l
Political Intervention+ U) n' f: A) S) Y4 \! l
193. Overloading of administrative systems1 L0 Q3 p# c5 k& [8 w
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" e, w4 c1 H# u" O! S
195. Seeking imprisonment* e$ R% Y& F9 D' F! |
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
5 M( P, a+ w7 i; }% Z8 H1 q 197. Work-on without collaboration% H% v3 a4 x" |3 ?
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
% U( Z7 b. Q+ x- ^4 z8 n6 @( `) s9 q& d9 a
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
