 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 }6 f$ z7 n$ C' AFormal Statements( i4 P1 [, H M* a/ C% U! ^5 j" |+ W
1. Public Speeches/ A5 j$ Q* w/ N, H Q9 f. L' Y
2. Letters of opposition or support
6 G b5 _: i6 @$ s3 ]3 t4 b 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, `# A; l. N( J- H( B9 K 4. Signed public statements& M: p7 L; T# v; s( [ e
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( r6 _+ U" {9 A# i 6. Group or mass petitions
$ ]0 m5 W5 h/ R- \7 w; A# L1 o5 G7 g9 h2 U) a
Communications with a Wider Audience5 P7 P( d! `; r8 t, q
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; d+ G* A( m4 t3 z! d$ |' C' ] 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications4 g+ y, Y" T) u& b
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 e" \1 l: B& S" n 10. Newspapers and journals: P+ V7 c4 ?7 E+ x7 I3 M
11. Records, radio, and television, J' F! b- O0 p, R
12. Skywriting and earthwriting# v8 F( \+ r3 h- b- P' q
* [3 o: k( i3 M) k7 G2 ~Group Representations
y) n- a4 X* n" K8 z/ J$ ~+ x8 T 13. Deputations
+ W& {8 p& h5 f9 T 14. Mock awards' W/ U& M5 `( k& }) L7 y
15. Group lobbying7 w" x! j1 u0 \3 l; P- c
16. Picketing9 F( M" p! @1 k9 Y4 ?1 s7 {8 U' D
17. Mock elections
; M* [2 k0 W- z# o- s- w4 `" g- c F: M1 S' X) D, G- ]) {& K9 e
Symbolic Public Acts
: }" o r# J, X3 F2 C1 k. A 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" s3 z: T. z6 Z' I+ `5 E- `
19. Wearing of symbols+ J8 p; G; R! f
20. Prayer and worship
* T# Y! f. M& n4 k- ?# N% h 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 @8 R7 I- R" z 22. Protest disrobings$ k: n9 ?8 p! o
23. Destruction of own property
9 Q' | V9 ~2 x, `: A 24. Symbolic lights
- d& O y6 f1 z9 C 25. Displays of portraits) F; W4 b: j& L9 p8 \
26. Paint as protest
8 E3 W: [' ]% \) X 27. New signs and names
( o& ~2 T' {: c& ? 28. Symbolic sounds& V9 t! P' V( G0 B
29. Symbolic reclamations
v; A9 i: X9 E! z9 y& f 30. Rude gestures
5 o! m; w' q- x$ H) s
, T1 ~ @& P4 |4 Y5 pPressures on Individuals7 w, L2 T: l& S6 w- h
31. “Haunting” officials
/ J. [3 U5 ?0 c$ ~ 32. Taunting officials
3 `) Q9 ~! I! A( N/ D5 \ 33. Fraternization# F: c- m+ h& \0 p$ d
34. Vigils' p2 M: [ |- \/ }* Q u& p
0 h& R/ {/ B+ S- E0 G) V6 ]Drama and Music
4 u, ~; M0 A, Y6 t3 C 35. Humorous skits and pranks+ p( J! R4 k9 B" R
36. Performances of plays and music( {. w R4 |- L& H' }3 [& N- e# m
37. Singing6 |6 f3 I% ]# h
" H' j, ~6 H7 d& ]+ cProcessions
5 f# d) P: g4 }, \' k, E( m 38. Marches) @+ `. K3 ~ y" o) }/ e. j" M; p
39. Parades
, V# r4 T9 w) i g* C 40. Religious processions$ Y4 k5 T6 G$ f: i8 B8 c! @( ]% [
41. Pilgrimages6 ?- R% h. m) _. T
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead( W+ b2 B: E7 A
43. Political mourning
0 @+ d& h. D' h' M! T* i 44. Mock funerals
! D$ {3 V- n; k. y0 D6 k 45. Demonstrative funerals$ ^2 u( ]/ o9 I! c4 F
46. Homage at burial places! V# q& b- S6 r7 I( s
0 `# p" H6 _. }; l4 Y y1 `# e: @
Public Assemblies
2 a% I. ^, j; \) k, [; D 47. Assemblies of protest or support
U, G1 i9 U( E: l) ^, d 48. Protest meetings
8 y E% w3 |- }0 W2 o% d4 T9 a9 a 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) K* d! X$ q" S+ {) w
50. Teach-ins
* x% m9 R! ?/ o# T5 r
( m x9 |9 w: ]Withdrawal and Renunciation+ E6 I# t, k& X; a% E% v
51. Walk-outs" @0 l0 `/ ~1 P @/ \
52. Silence+ p2 G: K5 ^. g: U
53. Renouncing honors
; S9 D+ w9 Z1 U- ~* i& F/ s 54. Turning one’s back' [* L* [) ?2 F6 R7 J) R7 J
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 z( A5 D" |( W [& h$ D$ a
* s( j! n+ O0 q4 Y! G
9 u, `- t3 j; q/ N3 j1 _1 B
( Y+ P4 y! E. aOstracism of Persons( u# _. A/ w/ ~ z
55. Social boycott
* l* p. @3 R8 {# n; e+ `- E W* U- t 56. Selective social boycott
# p. _# b L- p4 p* Z( l# z3 ~ 57. Lysistratic nonaction7 q# X( ~ J4 f9 i( w3 t
58. Excommunication s5 a( U( H) \
59. Interdict
' @$ ^5 E0 x5 M3 @) L' x) v# s5 u( T* a+ E5 R( _
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- @4 L, y& l/ H7 e4 z" K/ {
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
: J' p7 j1 Y) R! P; h! X5 U 61. Boycott of social affairs: d0 S7 M; w3 W$ @
62. Student strike
8 w8 o. c9 ?! ?3 a4 B% o% L* Y( I 63. Social disobedience
3 j& Y# J: e- P4 s) L8 F$ N' R 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
K% E2 h3 J% K8 S& U2 w9 s: {5 D- r ]7 [( Y
Withdrawal from the Social System. ^- K3 n9 K! F% j, |4 m) v; l* _, u
65. Stay-at-home1 T7 ~' @+ d/ V4 n$ d" o7 O; l
66. Total personal noncooperation0 q. N) Y7 Q4 y4 I" Z' g6 U
67. “Flight” of workers
+ N) O0 \! ]$ k% X; O 68. Sanctuary% P+ ^/ i3 E' o9 w H( `, {
69. Collective disappearance
0 j1 L8 ?# V1 ~# u+ D- B* h 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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5 G8 s7 I3 e7 z( d2 MTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 w9 q z/ c" s2 r6 ^$ n# u ` z' i! r# X4 ]# q
) a$ F! A% Q8 |- k; ]/ ?1 DActions by Consumers) @" @( M+ d/ l! S6 k& s' H7 K) f
71. Consumers’ boycott
" I( n0 d. h" F4 C \/ q! y$ P 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* A' d4 |: g( `% G" V/ J1 { D% B 73. Policy of austerity
3 B: ?) B" k1 E! q2 K1 O% r g: V 74. Rent withholding0 r8 b9 ~6 U! B' R7 G1 ?5 O
75. Refusal to rent
( V3 R5 H% Y* \8 x4 K; J1 j# W 76. National consumers’ boycott
. z5 G2 B' c R" `: C" w) M) L i 77. International consumers’ boycott. \% f2 d% {3 k' f: A& ~ ^
! g, ~1 A6 H0 C* g1 C) \
Action by Workers and Producers
3 S( G: ~! J& v* \! V 78. Workmen’s boycott
9 T) E: Y. @& N8 d& H1 F1 q* f$ n 79. Producers’ boycott+ U% T$ Y! D! j2 f- w. O
+ S0 C# b- N) M1 rAction by Middlemen
' N& q% [* j* ]8 j 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; g# X) z$ W' U
& d* D, z$ c$ H$ i
Action by Owners and Management
$ X. ~- S( u4 }9 J/ k4 ~; P3 w 81. Traders’ boycott' o$ f/ W0 d2 W R, N. H
82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 f: z5 x6 ? D# r. W- k 83. Lockout
* N# h# O7 R" S 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
0 l0 W% Q% p+ c5 T. S. t4 U 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
6 q) G2 t; N2 v2 X( s5 C! D! `
& C6 `( x/ y: E2 j! G. ^Action by Holders of Financial Resources
5 G, F X- H6 U4 z; y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! d; Y9 g" @6 @/ o 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- I9 b# t7 \6 C: k 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" L2 W% Q/ u% }) o; t4 O* ?
89. Severance of funds and credit$ ]( I6 u1 U8 U7 c8 r/ [& Q
90. Revenue refusal; r' c/ y7 n, B! p' i
91. Refusal of a government’s money3 G, K( Q; c E& `( x- s0 u
# w! A$ J+ d" K" I0 t- RAction by Governments
8 I+ @2 F: m2 b, D7 n) x 92. Domestic embargo1 y, b6 D3 `, C7 S/ ?" `, A
93. Blacklisting of traders
$ Q0 ]! X+ l% J( E: N 94. International sellers’ embargo' H4 Y E3 T0 ^) @& e2 ^; d* u
95. International buyers’ embargo( }; F; ^, O b; N$ `4 z
96. International trade embargo( j7 R) f( f& {$ D. \: q
+ T' r X% T* m0 ]+ ]& u+ w
1 k4 B- z& F! }9 P# a+ r
4 g9 u" B4 o2 a7 G5 J/ A) eTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# l- G% W1 r* \$ \2 Y2 |( m
% O+ ?) @+ ?1 @; f& |# _) o2 }
' _0 K2 ?: `) B3 u0 Q0 PSymbolic Strikes
0 ^3 D3 N+ ~8 A6 _ 97. Protest strike
* D+ s) v W# i; U( } 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
8 y: h8 V0 b& F+ C. e! E6 n' _3 c9 u& j. C1 J$ `; X( u: O& @
Agricultural Strikes
0 w9 t/ }) l9 O" N" [0 | 99. Peasant strike% H$ ? G; m- g. X
100. Farm Workers’ strike
) s t2 \- f# i6 c+ G8 l' I$ T2 w
5 e T+ m) ]: A; I8 @5 g/ F2 }Strikes by Special Groups
% C. S1 m! |" ]7 K! E% { 101. Refusal of impressed labor' L5 s+ \1 H; k6 ?
102. Prisoners’ strike: u% S* _, E1 k% ?4 C( P, W
103. Craft strike" N/ _( z( {- F
104. Professional strike
~4 H9 z0 j' s! `- e/ L( x1 U% t" X# m) z8 A& d v
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
* E! B6 H& C; I- m% ` 105. Establishment strike
6 p+ X6 M2 W5 M4 } R: _* v4 _ 106. Industry strike
* ^) g/ Y; z5 S" X- { 107. Sympathetic strike
" N% f% M* u7 z0 B* N3 h7 L8 e: ^. A1 B
Restricted Strikes2 I9 L7 m8 o3 S; J& C V
108. Detailed strike9 }. e+ C$ i/ W) V0 I2 `$ S
109. Bumper strike" c' N7 s; I7 z' I6 c3 ?
110. Slowdown strike4 v( j8 h& E K( w1 p
111. Working-to-rule strike
8 c1 B& s: Y2 z2 x 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. \" p! @8 A7 B- U5 \1 E 113. Strike by resignation7 q# M; s: l) ?+ H [$ u( O% _8 O
114. Limited strike
* d; d" v8 O: w: I, o: f% z 115. Selective strike
; A3 [& n$ [4 s* ?0 s
4 u$ ~7 B* i I: a) S8 i! pMulti-Industry Strikes
S) c! @4 f. `) m& U
* @7 v6 }" T* Q' ^' x2 ? 116. Generalized strike4 Q" j8 M1 o2 N ~( h9 l( R
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117. General strike
# E+ _ m! \0 [ m+ a$ A
- u1 l0 [# ~0 G. Z9 ECombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal6 T# V& y8 @0 P% ]6 a. c- J5 e
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! \4 ^ T/ D6 p& t
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Rejection of Authority
. K# B. v( q' n9 {; Z7 W0 X 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% a W$ n; H; J% C0 u, W9 [$ j7 l 121. Refusal of public support/ @2 ], S) u! n& u0 Z& V
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) i$ @ P* g+ P! z; h& @+ x4 O- O
- k% n8 @8 i/ j$ P# v$ aCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' y2 D X; z4 i; @) g) _9 J 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ r1 @) H. w+ p) ] 124. Boycott of elections
) R+ l, ~ r& _ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 p! k( O- v6 e& q- d
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
! }; A& m4 e; ]) J" f 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 y# r- ]' o( Z. z6 |* ^1 m
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 o( ~4 [- E7 ]
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 U' U* V" Z( Y+ q5 l
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: W$ f7 c) K- D6 \* ^) I# U! o+ t# Y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ F7 e$ a" j4 X7 V/ Z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 y9 Q2 u" K8 \4 T& `. E
+ b# B+ g9 V, T7 V7 B+ _: SCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, ]9 c1 i( \/ L& F
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ A! H1 q) q" V, T. Y3 h
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 Q% o/ s# C6 z* q+ m+ t 135. Popular nonobedience* q9 h: ]" X, R" R$ J) h; |
136. Disguised disobedience# y6 N O0 N5 K# f% x) _
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; ^8 m: I; ^. l% I9 d# o+ a 138. Sitdown
: M9 k" k6 ]! |" x' _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* ~* D" [0 s8 c( x8 q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ s6 O" z, w: q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
Y _, f( A, ] [7 w W
' J8 _$ i% P6 J# ^" TAction by Government Personnel2 s' Y8 W( H2 P2 N- s, T- I
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ ?# y8 |: c: Y* I s, Y, c1 @- _ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 O4 s, n ?, j. x2 Z# d2 ~
144. Stalling and obstruction% L7 g, v1 z; d$ B8 O! x2 Q/ _
145. General administrative noncooperation4 r( s; [ k9 c) }. n
2 S' ?: r' N2 M 146. Judicial noncooperation
( O `$ y& @& W, V" s$ n% F 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! w) h$ F: z0 }% B3 o
148. Mutiny" K) m8 L8 O4 i. k6 G
Domestic Governmental Action
8 f. F2 x% ~1 A" i 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays0 m3 B. u3 p& y& z0 @
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ r T& t. n4 f# B# r/ `5 r
5 ^' t: Z$ h8 r; i0 d: G) a6 j7 F
International Governmental Action* M0 n% a2 Q i, y. g
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* O/ R' M/ i; t7 V. F) ? 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 j' s4 P {2 J: v% u+ f# }
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 n+ |! A# S) ?5 N 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" M0 o( B; k4 k# H7 W
155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ m0 [* x7 O0 g8 Y# ^9 n: P d
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) F2 {6 L. I" h Q: b
157. Expulsion from international organizations
) X0 m( E- Z; v* x- q) x7 p( `1 q
4 e# l7 {% J- Z9 `9 G5 B q
9 t- z* W* E/ ^3 J1 y! L( N ~1 |& t
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
$ d# d0 N! K% ^% C3 i; B: ^9 b
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7 j3 x& s% ]" T' `7 i6 {Psychological Intervention
! k) D7 {9 W# t' @ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
: X. X; S' Q2 a* ` 159. The fast& v0 K2 W, \% _9 C3 q
a) Fast of moral pressure
% w; o: t4 e( C; `2 i' e2 L b) Hunger strike2 a: |( o2 O) u# D2 @
c) Satyagrahic fast
' ?" r, s! L R9 _' i 160. Reverse trial
* x6 p$ E$ ?' r# z 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention/ w% V% p! G. h: s
162. Sit-in% Z0 c! u0 d8 P/ {; P3 Y
163. Stand-in
0 A0 s6 p. u5 @9 u 164. Ride-in
( S$ P. u g! E( C; e 165. Wade-in) y) D" n6 e/ S5 C+ b
166. Mill-in' @9 x9 I3 _9 k" Z% M9 E
167. Pray-in$ H9 ^1 t+ k n2 P1 [5 s7 y
168. Nonviolent raids
6 u0 R, U5 y; @! E0 x4 K; R5 b 169. Nonviolent air raids5 l8 B. Y% f! L; Q3 H
170. Nonviolent invasion- Q7 D1 t6 W1 s) v5 w
171. Nonviolent interjection
! E3 A# p. N5 B% ~6 w4 S 172. Nonviolent obstruction+ I; V/ c7 g- v+ h8 i
173. Nonviolent occupation/ |2 V8 C' H+ \. b
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Social Intervention
0 N" |4 g9 f! y8 s 174. Establishing new social patterns
/ P& m. y% v5 W- N7 h7 r7 ^# c0 ? 175. Overloading of facilities
' X- `! @3 n3 \8 k8 T1 A" x6 q 176. Stall-in( ]% ?+ P# v1 K0 r1 _) q! B- J# o8 B3 E
177. Speak-in
1 i' q# A# f0 b! g3 j4 i$ E 178. Guerrilla theater% F7 F4 n+ r$ x @4 l
179. Alternative social institutions+ R- Y- O v% C! ^) x8 o
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention9 @4 y$ B/ D7 K
181. Reverse strike7 k; A$ Q6 H. F
182. Stay-in strike
0 X: ^; l7 z5 v2 E+ S' W( `% e 183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 o* P3 {5 ^! v 184. Defiance of blockades
' C3 o7 g1 U5 o# ?: g 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. _& D# A$ `8 `7 \/ F
186. Preclusive purchasing8 u3 r9 Y: i3 I* V1 M
187. Seizure of assets. U6 }3 H1 S9 w
188. Dumping
_; d3 t5 w3 U 189. Selective patronage
/ g1 t9 n' d# c0 ? 190. Alternative markets! V0 ~6 ~, x$ q8 {# g1 @4 P) |: Y
191. Alternative transportation systems% g" ^( Y- a: |0 g, R: u
192. Alternative economic institutions
d% @, [5 N/ P8 I" W* J' c! B! g! M# b7 a& A5 U- [: ~
Political Intervention
6 s, _8 N* s" |# M+ [% q9 Z7 M0 d 193. Overloading of administrative systems
* W) n* n0 o2 J9 D8 R 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 d/ z0 n6 Y1 j) L: u. b5 m
195. Seeking imprisonment9 I7 k$ k: `. @" K' h& A) x
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* Z( R4 _9 e! S+ Q c# ?7 i5 E+ F, l
197. Work-on without collaboration
4 X/ X% \! m& w7 d$ P 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! E9 i4 i1 f1 _7 ~
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
