 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION* R1 o& l8 O4 O' n
Formal Statements
4 H- O% E; b* B7 p. K' e 1. Public Speeches- b/ o4 }; |. d8 a% u
2. Letters of opposition or support2 g8 s7 ~/ L5 O( c1 X; R5 G
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions" U8 `0 s% Y5 {; u! e# b
4. Signed public statements
7 I5 u F; M( g! B. D2 F+ h 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ w& w) U& M0 `5 @3 J4 {! T' h 6. Group or mass petitions" L, Q+ d+ a" C; U1 v
! m2 @) b9 t. k+ r$ [
Communications with a Wider Audience
- s; s* V7 T6 x% K- e% ^& F 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 t8 g! I, B8 v. S 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# k; B- t# [ Y( B5 V" a+ f 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 M( Z) Q9 B3 T. ~
10. Newspapers and journals) G) B9 b- \+ b5 F/ }6 G E: j
11. Records, radio, and television
2 E' G3 Z# `+ A% ]6 |$ j" q- K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting* `$ P; u7 C6 Q& c5 A( l8 s. J
! k% F- {" ^. l, L: O" w7 o8 j0 NGroup Representations
# J6 Y5 }; s8 B0 B+ C: o) L$ Q 13. Deputations
7 q' q& t5 f! o5 T1 |3 i 14. Mock awards
" P2 _. E5 k# d6 O" k" F. _6 J- n 15. Group lobbying5 L, b' W$ e" {
16. Picketing
+ T$ H1 z# k1 m! t# H+ | 17. Mock elections/ ~( O8 f8 i" {6 B5 P, L" M' r
8 z. K5 W$ i- d: b7 Z' j2 a; u6 I
Symbolic Public Acts! u' h4 {; m6 X- S3 U( s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ P( o2 s- ?7 E o: w 19. Wearing of symbols7 B( l0 ]* ^6 B( F
20. Prayer and worship. F, C p" e l+ d7 i
21. Delivering symbolic objects$ \/ y7 ~1 R P1 h
22. Protest disrobings% e/ f. u/ p0 n* u
23. Destruction of own property
+ [4 q) n8 ]3 M# B0 X 24. Symbolic lights
& |, x( P4 n% `1 F" K 25. Displays of portraits0 R) C( q! g7 i
26. Paint as protest [5 f! l5 n w4 K/ r* w
27. New signs and names
+ A9 B; z2 F" N$ u& c0 H5 Y- ~ 28. Symbolic sounds
% m$ I, |8 _ F" M8 s& D) U 29. Symbolic reclamations
8 D) Q: S! i; C" _$ J 30. Rude gestures
; C1 g% q! r+ ]. N1 A/ G6 N6 Y8 ~" Q9 E% G6 d; l
Pressures on Individuals
) z4 a' _1 X6 h8 m/ t: n: T 31. “Haunting” officials- [ J% v3 w, v& ^
32. Taunting officials
) w& ]2 t& p7 ? 33. Fraternization- J) i) {7 N+ s! d! M
34. Vigils
4 q/ K$ s7 G' j* ~# L; A& D& U4 y- q" q
Drama and Music) c v r1 T1 N9 t
35. Humorous skits and pranks
% E3 b+ Z+ M+ J* H 36. Performances of plays and music
6 ~' p+ g: F% w( a7 a 37. Singing8 [' u5 Y) S8 |+ {! p4 e4 S
: w4 _4 l0 s& C/ c7 a( { ]Processions
! k0 V: J4 N+ I( F. E$ t 38. Marches+ c5 K6 r, T4 ^
39. Parades
/ v2 N7 n3 | c- c% I, C 40. Religious processions
" N9 Z* w# k/ N8 ~( f 41. Pilgrimages- n3 o* s6 @" u' N" o8 L9 \
42. Motorcades8 k9 k- H6 j. q/ C# v; r
+ ?1 }/ S0 V, E# ^2 J
Honoring the Dead
0 q1 s5 }7 g e2 x6 Y4 u8 y' P 43. Political mourning/ k, Q& r! h/ ^0 T! i
44. Mock funerals
: Y k2 m x( U8 @ 45. Demonstrative funerals
- \: {, q4 m6 z 46. Homage at burial places( E- E: U+ O4 Y# X( ]
6 S7 X. [1 `7 g
Public Assemblies8 }4 G N: n6 a, D0 H' W A
47. Assemblies of protest or support
. _2 X; T3 s' H 48. Protest meetings" D4 W0 g5 E+ O$ e! e* a3 O
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& ~& n9 s( Q$ k( u0 T# K) ~ 50. Teach-ins- h+ f& R6 ?3 d2 X" ]1 O: `
$ J5 ^0 e5 c( u. g' m" pWithdrawal and Renunciation4 ~5 s- B0 Z. d; w# W
51. Walk-outs
0 @& g7 K2 }- z, h+ D; s 52. Silence* \. Q$ f* G% G- k+ c2 `
53. Renouncing honors
1 t! y( f% W4 D 54. Turning one’s back3 j* O% N1 j$ }3 |1 x
5 O# C% w5 s( q3 s1 g+ v" C5 Q
. ~7 _( t: |0 M6 Z* o( U
- @; m7 N: \3 O3 c. _5 LTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
9 X' }7 [) ?) [1 V2 Y
% t# Y* y; K: ~" Z. N6 ~& f
: U4 p9 w7 N( ]" `# W
8 v! Y% n$ h2 p+ A" @+ eOstracism of Persons
0 b m* C! x5 e& T p) a 55. Social boycott3 B( i8 d, F, o* w7 A
56. Selective social boycott8 q8 r1 |. l- J. Q" N
57. Lysistratic nonaction9 ]0 P' l! M/ P: D" n E
58. Excommunication
' K) J$ e8 v$ z. q: Z+ M 59. Interdict6 I6 _ G. b" S4 u0 k8 s
; J( ?6 }, t' G# c
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 ~2 N, E6 `% A
60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 k4 [" y2 j" i% B
61. Boycott of social affairs
' \" `' ^* e) D- y 62. Student strike* I5 ?8 g: Z+ c; u" O1 o
63. Social disobedience n& J1 k4 a3 ^- V
64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ v' \) n) f+ j; }# k2 n; O
, u* F7 g1 _0 R7 E1 U# CWithdrawal from the Social System( Y2 I: t& x4 |5 v: q
65. Stay-at-home- z) h3 [4 @% ]* w. j
66. Total personal noncooperation
" Y5 R7 X2 K- O3 M/ m7 ~" h 67. “Flight” of workers V- z; U) W* B% G
68. Sanctuary
. K# q4 [& f$ K, k/ m7 b 69. Collective disappearance& K3 S( G2 A1 L4 |& r- K
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
2 [! C! {2 h+ d+ c( b
2 b4 k. c) S4 A. o. _+ B: b 8 N4 j# u1 Q6 M
$ R0 Y( S/ b) i3 JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
) l. B' }: h2 R* n: @9 h" Q2 p+ [ r8 x+ e" t* i" P
6 P/ f. y% S" j; z9 G7 \
Actions by Consumers
* ?0 [6 |5 g* P. Y 71. Consumers’ boycott1 W0 d! V, O) h: U
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- p9 O% c2 Z: m* B! g" R% \
73. Policy of austerity
# I; l$ C; @& a* x$ R5 X1 X 74. Rent withholding0 X/ X; S4 x+ V* x& m4 [
75. Refusal to rent
$ O5 T' c' ?- N& n 76. National consumers’ boycott
+ Y d: I. j$ @# b* D 77. International consumers’ boycott
' D; }$ |4 L J+ Q
7 {2 @3 q6 @8 ?! O% AAction by Workers and Producers8 e% T8 r& a! ]$ m
78. Workmen’s boycott6 `4 f ^% y7 r3 H) Q, l
79. Producers’ boycott* Y* H5 N6 {( v) r" \
- @( T/ s! D2 \9 m. ^4 }Action by Middlemen+ _: P* S& v: q2 i1 c
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( S4 k' h: P! G" _" D' n- _: J$ f& ]' @# \% O9 k$ ^
Action by Owners and Management
$ ]' y3 @% L) }+ {, u/ u 81. Traders’ boycott2 o$ ?, {" s! S1 ~7 o+ v. q
82. Refusal to let or sell property6 p, Q4 N% Q9 [- T% ^
83. Lockout( p6 ?' q$ T( ?& m5 O
84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 ]2 J; d$ _) N$ V' o
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 z, R: N& ]8 _5 S" y
* O; I5 K& }5 i. s8 W0 y* m) M4 nAction by Holders of Financial Resources
3 g2 P+ o' F/ G3 w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits4 S G6 c" O5 r# i6 Y3 `2 G7 i
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* w7 O0 Q0 L. S
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ @8 J3 Z; o2 E/ B+ R 89. Severance of funds and credit/ k; m3 [! ^# K) \8 N: S
90. Revenue refusal, z' [: @7 {, T4 l/ X2 b# w) D
91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ w! F t) F( T5 B4 Z. e
/ n" B& r# k, J: N! E7 [Action by Governments
$ H+ R- w4 M- C) l* E) w+ J 92. Domestic embargo
& R: f# J; n. Z- O 93. Blacklisting of traders7 s! u) L1 @* U N& @+ V( w
94. International sellers’ embargo8 X( p/ a' @+ N( O* ?5 n
95. International buyers’ embargo
w; ?$ T" N* f- L6 O8 V 96. International trade embargo
! a4 [$ }" p c E, m
( m* E4 Z8 u' Y+ a
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1 c7 @5 \3 T& gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' {& @" T6 i2 P% M: `' q5 ?5 ^
$ Y; t3 ^$ l( U* g6 f5 m
$ ?7 V0 f6 _' I* Q
Symbolic Strikes# M3 d- |' k) ?3 B
97. Protest strike9 C* I& Z: U4 F/ ~
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. P$ T3 E" P- a) _5 U; b% R
8 y! d q* j$ j) o" | P" A# A, kAgricultural Strikes
2 W& K6 h+ b7 t( C- _- [ 99. Peasant strike. X& {3 Q: |$ S" e, c
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 ~1 X, C* I% u- v7 D/ c3 E7 ~
+ e& [5 i1 I3 _) N g
Strikes by Special Groups o$ H ^. o$ W- H
101. Refusal of impressed labor+ o1 u& D9 T- o5 c
102. Prisoners’ strike
$ g5 b) [; _2 I5 P% ` 103. Craft strike
7 j) ]- U8 _* L 104. Professional strike; ^" s! ?" S5 t( y' f( W
4 J [& ] P: ~6 O1 |; |& A" L" QOrdinary Industrial Strikes
+ ~2 B+ q+ C; Z3 a5 I 105. Establishment strike
5 l! D- P! Y( K+ P3 H% U! A 106. Industry strike$ H; `% b3 X9 [) V
107. Sympathetic strike
% F% C/ ]( R, H! | b5 _) M
. s A; E1 J8 XRestricted Strikes
; d# D1 p+ m; l1 d+ W 108. Detailed strike o1 y4 u; Y, K% n
109. Bumper strike7 M8 ~, W) a4 F$ Q
110. Slowdown strike9 P; m& w( f A( N' b# \3 P% ^2 u
111. Working-to-rule strike' K M& p4 c" O- i+ O; @% A, ]
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)$ h* T2 `1 s" x. K3 I5 C6 m+ ~
113. Strike by resignation" E4 B& d" Z5 U6 Z$ ^8 E
114. Limited strike
6 H+ V P8 j3 z2 x0 x 115. Selective strike' C3 i" \6 H3 C2 J7 s. d' n
' l4 W4 M- X4 {. d" ]
Multi-Industry Strikes, s' g, b/ q. l) ~1 i' a
) j' i( k; Z9 p8 |
116. Generalized strike9 X8 l9 u, W" c [8 G3 F
# {9 _* [3 u- M' c 117. General strike
0 _5 p9 k: B9 z% n1 p5 g
, m( S# D. o7 Z3 @Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures- ^, C& V, g, g# j4 y( c+ Y0 p2 L
: ~7 b# `( q/ z- ]' B
118. Hartal
3 H4 P$ }! \' J4 X. j+ \0 P% h
: v7 R- l$ Q# A7 p 119. Economic shutdown
9 o' p: a! p9 D. n; z. f$ ?2 l) `
9 y9 B3 d2 o' Y2 d! Y1 w
+ C1 f9 w! F* @% h( s( T+ i8 LTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
. }( z, l5 K" M3 n% n# f, n# ]6 C+ U9 r6 k ~7 w
5 t0 k3 u4 g5 K3 ?$ ^
Rejection of Authority
* V" n. ?9 ?) Q0 y" A5 | 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 @1 `4 B/ b3 k& |( q0 z0 X 121. Refusal of public support
; M8 C5 J" w9 g' o) n4 s! m 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 R8 `6 N, \* w4 t7 E
) n' R0 _% I5 C* S6 NCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government, T, I+ N4 G4 |4 N+ J1 i2 a: t# {
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
0 L! s' w {4 I! \ 124. Boycott of elections
" n# u/ Z( g6 \ H6 g 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% R5 O# _) J$ {' ] 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 c7 ?, N) N8 t; H6 A' w 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# l0 B2 U* y) k5 |8 h2 s4 Y6 J7 e
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
2 |- s8 \* S+ B& t: V- Q7 ?$ r3 T 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ w7 N* Q. ?: k$ Q3 Z( ?
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( L) W( N; Q9 z! b. ] 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials% N; f* }/ }4 r4 X( x7 X
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 o4 `8 G$ P; N o* c# Q& m) @$ ?- Y9 ?& a: I
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; @6 R$ G E! d3 e4 z0 T
133. Reluctant and slow compliance% |2 e9 ^5 y" ^5 r+ \% M, b
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 ^" F7 p2 X, W4 n) |9 o' z# U* F
135. Popular nonobedience" i% H2 T. s5 v/ K9 D m
136. Disguised disobedience
# G& o' }5 _( m2 U 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: J2 v k$ {' {' B' [
138. Sitdown: @) Q3 E( c" g) I s9 m. }
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' I3 t, A p5 O0 X6 f0 ^# d 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# u* z& s7 E4 |1 E5 R! R8 [
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" a D& Z9 M! M8 p* W/ }
+ q4 g! K. G: u' r2 C' ?Action by Government Personnel: A& i8 d3 Z5 ~' n4 _0 p
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 v; j" m3 o$ A O
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! o0 G/ u) B3 U/ |; B0 @# y
144. Stalling and obstruction
" C ]5 @8 K: `' `" @: \) v% } 145. General administrative noncooperation
$ D" |5 R! Z' ^/ e+ Q) F+ B4 d
* ~& Q% s/ P+ _5 } 146. Judicial noncooperation! Y" b7 w% b: r/ F7 T | a9 ]
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; }! Q" E6 m4 T' a4 } 148. Mutiny
& o. O- g- E1 N4 z' Q5 HDomestic Governmental Action g7 ]! I" F H: {2 h3 x0 v. H( s
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) _1 T& n" r" f; x1 D 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( }7 U: E6 C8 s9 L9 k9 }
- \9 o# n& O- c% F0 F
International Governmental Action
. P- w* m& |& s) d 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 Z# i7 M$ [# z 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ E; k# ], {2 ~9 e1 w% f- M, F. B 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! Z- Y" ~7 j: W
154. Severance of diplomatic relations; [( O* h, p) k* k. _5 f
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 N3 R& {) H5 M3 M/ x& N) {" i 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, s7 M; H& e4 D7 K: [ 157. Expulsion from international organizations3 {( b- Q/ T* \' s; j" G
8 N: ^" ]6 T; }7 i1 i5 T' w( ], { - Z `' N$ T3 U- t# Y \
3 l; r% a8 N$ P* hTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
; B7 G4 d( T$ u% Z4 g c$ n% N2 v
) C$ M- Q% \/ @- |% ]# k
E6 X- W0 O/ g$ U$ x: qPsychological Intervention& ?8 M& z& s! B9 ^1 x8 V! k
158. Self-exposure to the elements( L9 p; c7 q1 h6 } K
159. The fast
* l8 a& n5 D \6 C8 {8 Y' \ a) Fast of moral pressure( X; t. I$ G, S; _$ O
b) Hunger strike
2 N$ h$ w( |8 N& Q0 G c) Satyagrahic fast
( g( N0 N5 O$ U2 x$ B 160. Reverse trial
, p8 ^, f( ^( _5 ]+ R 161. Nonviolent harassment
1 f4 G4 S: e# m+ w/ M/ q& u7 O. q4 {* R& d, D0 s9 x F5 k
Physical Intervention
9 j7 e% |) K ~; f 162. Sit-in
- [8 x7 [4 E5 `1 Z' T7 Q# Y 163. Stand-in
- }+ i" b0 d. N, Y, l0 L) c7 U$ P 164. Ride-in! q: V1 M) E3 H
165. Wade-in. c7 A2 v! ]: g
166. Mill-in
, d# H# z/ d% c; q' Z# \4 N 167. Pray-in
) n& l: T. }" \ 168. Nonviolent raids8 a* p/ v; I/ _# q4 P( U
169. Nonviolent air raids. h7 f$ ~8 e: {0 H
170. Nonviolent invasion3 X( ^# u! e( h3 D6 G* n/ c
171. Nonviolent interjection
- J# J) o: a# u( c* {& o7 Z 172. Nonviolent obstruction7 w' J# n3 p8 i/ C) C
173. Nonviolent occupation( S) Z" X4 R" k6 u! t5 z2 f
0 Q* c! j. W; sSocial Intervention
8 \" y: J% w2 M2 R; R$ B# c 174. Establishing new social patterns; X* r6 v7 i4 n6 f' ^- k) B
175. Overloading of facilities" e: z, t0 _$ ` l7 M. w$ ~
176. Stall-in! E0 U C( Q4 q2 a% M3 |+ ~& p
177. Speak-in1 A. C- ?# N- q2 }1 C+ Y" ]
178. Guerrilla theater4 }/ j8 g9 P( z f! Z5 i
179. Alternative social institutions) K$ T+ [/ S7 `, T
180. Alternative communication system
. ?! w( C4 i! R* V! q" R8 z' M9 d/ a) m) M8 m8 W$ w
Economic Intervention7 W F. a5 z! S; m
181. Reverse strike
9 e V5 P7 h" i" ~! U 182. Stay-in strike
7 @3 n# p) S* B 183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 Y- {' k/ a9 v1 M$ f 184. Defiance of blockades. [3 k. Q1 h' g2 P: o
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- K. _, [( g8 x5 ~0 A
186. Preclusive purchasing/ c4 E' L' Q' p, `( f6 p4 U. Z
187. Seizure of assets
3 h" m1 Q3 I: J+ o3 l2 ?; u 188. Dumping, @8 _3 q- i/ r; f
189. Selective patronage; i3 z) `; i; O, m! l
190. Alternative markets: d( t# s2 R* y3 C7 x9 ~0 R
191. Alternative transportation systems
0 r5 P6 U2 w+ A6 Z! O1 H 192. Alternative economic institutions
# ~6 H' P- f" |9 t# R; Y0 t) B1 x3 s; x3 ~ E" r6 C
Political Intervention1 r. n( O% {- n% @1 [
193. Overloading of administrative systems0 ?6 y4 @) t' `+ H/ O/ s# \
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 x. x/ ?7 f0 K+ H 195. Seeking imprisonment: }- t/ n6 Z. G- I0 i
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) h" b; l" F' L1 ^& l! e 197. Work-on without collaboration
/ g# D2 l: L5 x9 b4 `# t5 ^) a 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 B- b# | L1 \0 F7 U8 ~
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
