 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION7 x% B: Q% e: _& l4 z
Formal Statements
' K" y8 `( u8 V- m2 i: F 1. Public Speeches
- ~' s" F) l9 k" S 2. Letters of opposition or support% a( U. |3 ^! a$ ^& R# p
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ Y+ L' ~, g8 m7 s
4. Signed public statements" b) W+ l" U& S; ^4 Y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention4 O( x h7 H9 f P" o
6. Group or mass petitions
( v: L$ x2 l# H3 Y
9 F- a, A7 U6 D) pCommunications with a Wider Audience" v. x1 C/ _# t& x( f
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols! ]+ S0 z! [, S
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
W6 j0 ?5 O' V$ u8 E 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 m8 B7 \2 N- A
10. Newspapers and journals* O8 {5 d! V" C2 G7 Z0 ^) V( }' n9 `6 d
11. Records, radio, and television; [, U o; N% w% R3 r
12. Skywriting and earthwriting3 ^; U/ H' `( f' ]% D
5 x! t9 v7 h. J
Group Representations: p0 c& o/ X2 R2 @
13. Deputations3 G2 |9 V4 D2 ~) M2 p
14. Mock awards6 O4 Z$ ~5 q$ |
15. Group lobbying) ~5 Y' h8 A4 A2 X3 o
16. Picketing$ c4 K' b( m& F+ H) A$ i7 ]
17. Mock elections
8 t' _+ S7 a! y8 L0 a$ m
; ?9 T" f* z8 u2 JSymbolic Public Acts
7 K/ s/ X4 [1 _( U5 }( p1 _+ p9 c 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ o% o) P/ K3 g% [) v* f$ z
19. Wearing of symbols; b1 z! A$ I- j- r, t
20. Prayer and worship
3 a) U, X: Q1 I1 A5 u0 x2 {+ Z+ x 21. Delivering symbolic objects' n) b! H/ _8 W m$ o" `. N( P
22. Protest disrobings
/ }; v! u) f/ S+ }3 F 23. Destruction of own property6 J7 n0 E+ P) [" Z) x
24. Symbolic lights
. q5 A; O' L2 Z- X! h J; j 25. Displays of portraits% R6 ^1 y; N* C" G: h5 N0 I( j7 D
26. Paint as protest" Y( `. u7 W# p
27. New signs and names" [- ^# F% w6 a r
28. Symbolic sounds
8 u4 b) ^3 L# ~# t! F. K 29. Symbolic reclamations. _! \" h4 |; S% u+ t* r- K
30. Rude gestures
* K2 K v' P F2 C! a8 P( ?9 }
# ?- b: F* u" x" q5 r( C" T1 XPressures on Individuals
/ A5 f+ N6 I( p# ~0 v! s5 b+ M 31. “Haunting” officials X0 n$ Q& c a8 U; ?
32. Taunting officials+ N3 l( c. H2 q& s4 J) B: B5 J
33. Fraternization
8 O3 n/ x6 ^9 ^! @. O1 x0 F 34. Vigils
& ~2 @9 q( }* e, h
8 C0 X1 k9 E' x* hDrama and Music
; g% o" K; H' x: A6 p 35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 A, K! K! d5 u, ]+ V4 r6 _ 36. Performances of plays and music7 S8 U) U' r7 @6 f( }5 E+ O! @2 s
37. Singing
5 G" l/ \# S, q) B% `
1 N; R, [7 {: r" sProcessions6 M, K: [; D \3 e
38. Marches
: O1 w9 _8 U, f9 v 39. Parades
1 q% ^ ]6 \0 c A! Z) C+ \& K 40. Religious processions
* {5 J! H/ |# C1 _6 C& Z/ a 41. Pilgrimages
- {5 A6 t) z$ e8 @$ ]! r 42. Motorcades
' E7 G, }5 I# I" G# C; J2 A. j* _+ Q
Honoring the Dead' A- ~+ u0 h/ g% j
43. Political mourning
" ~: y3 U# S- ?* F" a: ] 44. Mock funerals/ D I3 e' d* t4 R" B, {# y, P
45. Demonstrative funerals4 w- G- y2 t: d e7 m/ Y' o/ B
46. Homage at burial places0 B7 l) T8 f# ^% O
9 \4 O1 n G. x* Z" dPublic Assemblies
6 h! O" Y5 E/ _% _ 47. Assemblies of protest or support, U4 X! I3 A* p
48. Protest meetings
( w" w: `: ^+ [# X9 V+ u2 x 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: p9 C6 i! R) I 50. Teach-ins
+ m! W0 U5 O1 C
8 z5 v/ [) H% z# k8 PWithdrawal and Renunciation
1 f0 f1 W% J E( O( x o4 |8 z% } 51. Walk-outs
4 k. r+ A4 c6 g ] 52. Silence! N9 N8 @& m- H
53. Renouncing honors# F% {) }) c& ?5 a
54. Turning one’s back* p+ x& z) S8 Z& ?! \) B1 S
9 w" v0 P2 G& p- x2 t$ Y6 M 6 \& W' Y) j/ d8 |5 h) E
* Y' N- ?+ V7 _! {6 Q B+ k
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION5 m' j) v* w7 T2 m
/ }8 ]! d7 J" d; H% F; Y# Q 1 G% Y9 u4 {+ x5 D3 B% B
8 u7 X! R! B! q- T% j
Ostracism of Persons
0 L l4 e. w9 Z& L* ]5 h. v: l0 E 55. Social boycott8 @6 S% m7 n6 z ?1 A3 B
56. Selective social boycott3 ]" @) ?# E$ e, R# s
57. Lysistratic nonaction+ x9 \* Z2 D- [* u; \9 ^1 j
58. Excommunication
# l+ {8 d/ P5 F" w1 P& O/ ^3 D 59. Interdict1 {& p v) N0 |, X; W2 \0 P9 z) K
2 _! z) }; s9 t. T! z$ l, G8 |$ q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ @. A/ E( u j/ [ q7 B 60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 y1 ? N" U1 q% k& f
61. Boycott of social affairs0 q$ p8 ^* [ W. `, l' m5 F
62. Student strike7 _4 ^: D) M, x" x) k
63. Social disobedience) e* r3 \' J" F# I
64. Withdrawal from social institutions" E @' h$ w/ V5 W
/ u1 Y% q2 F5 R$ O9 A3 v( T' S; }5 _Withdrawal from the Social System; b( u3 A! d! A* T" S
65. Stay-at-home4 X$ Z- G) P% Q% {6 K
66. Total personal noncooperation# L; t: Q# j: I% T1 p7 {# M
67. “Flight” of workers
% e) r' o3 b V" J 68. Sanctuary
0 v7 \; M$ q) N1 J: {+ B' ^( f 69. Collective disappearance
" f" i) ~# Q4 A0 K 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
: J K3 q! u9 R k5 c1 }% S! S: \/ W: B0 {- e3 l
% |% a$ A# W" Z7 Y/ { t' _3 T. r6 g: p
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS% o7 s7 r% ?% d; H2 e, Z
2 N; a) N& `7 P
: T/ y" Y% @; ~, k% |, x; k
Actions by Consumers5 F1 f: ~% v8 r/ Y, f/ x& h
71. Consumers’ boycott3 t- q% v1 ]: S
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods6 m6 I- B; m/ d
73. Policy of austerity
) `; q2 f) t3 U( j* x3 `9 t 74. Rent withholding
7 h( X# h$ x9 }/ O; C8 D 75. Refusal to rent
; M M1 a& a2 c# O6 f: X4 B 76. National consumers’ boycott
$ W% a7 Q& ]& r( h- L* g 77. International consumers’ boycott" y$ q4 b$ K: S1 `
" ~/ k% W( }2 E; [) g: g
Action by Workers and Producers7 O- i; [" a8 ]3 {" A
78. Workmen’s boycott, i3 j1 d; h L$ ~
79. Producers’ boycott
0 p# V8 i! |, m3 ]
3 e+ {- m! h% H/ z! z7 TAction by Middlemen
1 K: z. L$ P. O @2 E( U$ I, R 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- R. T) F1 v& F
0 ~) j* |# [$ L5 t, `) c0 ]$ U6 yAction by Owners and Management
# B8 [: X* S; d# L0 v 81. Traders’ boycott7 o2 V* K* D$ X e1 B
82. Refusal to let or sell property
. p% c) W& T/ Y* F' @- e 83. Lockout
# Q1 B0 J2 W' y8 ] 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& t. L, R+ H m r2 C 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" @% v+ t% ]/ M
- x" k8 H# n1 V6 k% TAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! H2 f7 `' `! W8 W+ [ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
; o0 y1 p8 T! {) U: B 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 L6 n8 r% K0 O
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- ~: j: }' H! P; [0 ~5 {, p 89. Severance of funds and credit
0 N( ^4 A! [/ T4 q7 U0 Z& } 90. Revenue refusal @+ `8 w- [2 L9 o& D6 L9 ?! c
91. Refusal of a government’s money" t5 h7 a- ?, Y g4 j
% w; [: N/ o# i
Action by Governments3 O9 V2 o7 i7 c0 E
92. Domestic embargo6 v: Z9 V2 S$ C2 m& ^
93. Blacklisting of traders
+ j+ d( E6 J9 U 94. International sellers’ embargo7 n$ @. g. j8 M' A/ @( @" g- _
95. International buyers’ embargo+ P+ k5 z$ X" a( ?7 S7 z
96. International trade embargo/ H+ E8 {6 c8 g
% A0 [4 x; X$ o8 _( L 4 o! A z" S- ^1 i5 L6 R
+ K1 a3 Q( U' D) W
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# \2 h0 o! }3 Q$ G0 C5 c- D
. j4 v; e3 C$ }1 ]) G% _5 ^
! i1 Q% F) h2 V
Symbolic Strikes
! q7 T8 W) V& k3 k; [) d8 ? 97. Protest strike$ v% Q2 f* A, g7 k' c6 T7 f, Z- }
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
4 o8 u1 V a1 _$ F8 A9 ^$ t, ~9 \1 Z2 E7 m: h
Agricultural Strikes
% i1 A V3 t5 j* T 99. Peasant strike3 i9 F7 ?) r# }4 m0 i
100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ ^) O+ {' s! m8 a0 g9 S! [
; H9 c- x4 @3 SStrikes by Special Groups) f9 i6 ?/ ]& k; Z- ]% G2 Y2 ?7 U
101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 [. c' N: R' a: S1 g2 d0 r4 \7 N 102. Prisoners’ strike
/ N' y5 i% `" g' j 103. Craft strike+ Z# \$ |- _. p0 l5 N
104. Professional strike
7 G# s6 b9 j3 V% \5 g V+ Y \- r! Y/ s9 {$ p' u3 @ ?& Z0 `& k
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 Y; h" k+ [6 H! b
105. Establishment strike
( }3 F% E8 [8 Y1 t8 ?% l8 a- j 106. Industry strike0 E: V1 t5 {' X$ w: m& G; r/ K
107. Sympathetic strike
* B+ j& d3 |: Q# u2 j3 W5 a L/ [2 a2 S- P/ x/ N
Restricted Strikes
: D* z/ d+ O/ y" F) S7 E! @ 108. Detailed strike9 w: Q, v0 ^& K+ ^% S6 W4 ?; l/ \; }0 ~
109. Bumper strike' Y$ n& q& n' j% X/ \- @& F
110. Slowdown strike
7 |0 a/ z$ ?5 M/ f 111. Working-to-rule strike$ N5 q5 g: ~9 n8 ?. ?/ |
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)( Q% Y8 }5 ]: ^! L
113. Strike by resignation P( w+ e- Z$ q% I: ]
114. Limited strike* b" g/ A' m$ K5 ?, g. X' V. _
115. Selective strike, C0 K7 \" n1 ?7 G! p
/ n5 y# R2 n) j1 p* }, c) n
Multi-Industry Strikes% B& }( k- V4 V3 B% L9 K5 i& f
6 K1 T7 F& @( I# T: v 116. Generalized strike
/ d& w- ^; o) i7 D
. G9 z# k; t/ x8 k3 X2 J& d' { 117. General strike
2 T, i# W4 q E
" |! ~; M3 f7 @, z# _Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
0 J4 Z# V0 c7 y' u1 O$ A. M7 F8 F) j* a4 h; m2 H' p
118. Hartal1 a! n* V9 s4 ^2 J6 s& y# `3 I
7 l- J5 [! v( X5 V+ e
119. Economic shutdown
" R2 N/ M. @6 ^- o! G: q8 y+ u4 `: m' \% j+ `
8 {5 _, S" [, L/ ?4 {2 }; s5 w* ^/ u$ D+ J% H1 _
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION9 B$ R; |& X8 M9 h; P; `7 v
9 @+ o/ @- u7 l# t
, M9 O6 ~ A1 wRejection of Authority
! b$ t q5 X" T' r: y: I. a* R 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) p% m+ q3 l+ ?% }) d
121. Refusal of public support5 _5 u% U0 i4 g9 d7 ^
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance' e- w7 R* V1 R- w' G
: L3 {. G5 }8 N. Y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 w K! S5 ]) s* [( n( F
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
8 B5 j, N3 m% S5 N 124. Boycott of elections
% _6 W: t9 I) b( z; W+ D* v+ H7 T, { 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
: a9 Y: M6 [& U6 X. l 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 W" ]) @& t0 E9 k" T 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 K7 D( v- r7 B2 Y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 X4 s9 s3 N% }) u+ u! i 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ p* E. ~5 v, c0 Y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! D7 H0 ]" Y( m2 q" s) \0 _6 Z% g 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- z' [, @, p& x% N2 C, C7 q
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& ^7 A# Z2 z( E3 v4 j1 t6 S
|7 {! i* G) a# R( A) _, jCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ r) Q5 ?% ], O0 c5 m6 W! [
133. Reluctant and slow compliance( ?' v$ d- Y' G: |
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 \5 E- p. A5 Y# E
135. Popular nonobedience
6 W9 p4 ^! K# [# N0 u5 L# Z 136. Disguised disobedience0 R3 m- t3 D. B* N& |. n* x" I
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 Q1 @6 P5 R7 H; n0 J
138. Sitdown/ t, Q' A, G2 X% c
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 X2 t9 W5 S1 B' k7 O0 G ^ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, H8 a6 p* ]8 P, B* `
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 s' n% n8 {- O! Z K
" j+ O) i ~: C/ {% S2 Y4 L1 J/ |Action by Government Personnel
! }0 E$ O! @/ o# E3 ~ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- q" Q: g. X4 g+ X- Z G# G. A
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
, x0 d& U% S0 X9 I4 {; S8 V 144. Stalling and obstruction
* D* {* ?! n$ v# c* n1 f. k# G8 H; M 145. General administrative noncooperation
( m$ ?% j$ n5 W |
6 g5 B0 H4 K$ j+ B" | Y ? 146. Judicial noncooperation
: B. k. c0 Q2 ^" f0 w! B4 s9 t- ^ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents7 C% M1 `% I& V' K7 [& c9 b
148. Mutiny
3 s) J$ c; E6 Z4 v6 A8 x S* U" \Domestic Governmental Action
4 q5 Z- z% P" X1 m 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 z/ G$ f3 j X7 K( k9 w1 k- O
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 a' N; `7 P" S% q1 x v7 Y4 Z+ g( T6 f/ @- z* O7 l' K
International Governmental Action5 {7 B& G( S8 l4 V! u
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* `' s9 a- a! }" G8 R
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* B5 w( a! U! c6 N' _ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 U0 p8 O6 S3 ^& l1 J 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ O/ a& d& Z [% B 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 q2 T4 R7 L! U: p 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
& C6 z0 C- [9 Y/ A: a 157. Expulsion from international organizations: `1 U3 Q# @/ v$ J6 Q% E
/ j3 U( v4 w4 v4 f
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% ~3 E6 X+ j) P6 O1 u! ^THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
! H" v- t1 v2 a" K/ v" V* ^1 [: Y. q( m0 d" W7 o1 V5 X' O8 Q
4 J/ a" K# h; w- S& S" z+ vPsychological Intervention Z! z$ {% {' C
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 g1 d! G% C$ o 159. The fast6 m. S7 f7 Q v, y
a) Fast of moral pressure& f ~( B, L" r. P: ~
b) Hunger strike
4 L8 q: g4 ]' T) S c) Satyagrahic fast: L0 ` S) U0 a
160. Reverse trial H% q0 O; r4 z4 C2 Z6 c
161. Nonviolent harassment
0 n! O7 z% J1 {6 D! W7 K. f# f: P# U- q0 K! o1 g
Physical Intervention% s9 ? o; o, M
162. Sit-in
1 o" B% O+ E; N7 P: \1 r 163. Stand-in) s; t5 u) B( _6 p
164. Ride-in
# M3 \4 P3 S/ h8 h4 }) L( C& V 165. Wade-in
2 R" o) b5 r/ F: Y3 e. y+ D) L 166. Mill-in! ~% |) r+ i( P
167. Pray-in% D. b7 E' Y) ?5 ~( V- R' @! v+ s
168. Nonviolent raids7 r* f! [4 ~6 P' d
169. Nonviolent air raids- r/ z* W6 d1 A8 n) H |
170. Nonviolent invasion
! T4 b1 C7 w' \4 a 171. Nonviolent interjection! `% L$ Y3 n0 r
172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 N% u0 N9 q! Y }% E( N/ L 173. Nonviolent occupation) E1 J6 i3 S/ y& \0 H
1 c0 b9 H% B; [% ^* Q: m# ]Social Intervention
, R2 W! Q3 x- r3 f 174. Establishing new social patterns
( O) I/ b; K8 w: Z: Q; S1 _" o 175. Overloading of facilities
' `$ f) {# {2 u4 p 176. Stall-in
' f7 f, l! T+ ]8 z 177. Speak-in
+ a' z( F ]8 d( n( l6 a 178. Guerrilla theater
M) \6 u1 \- r, Y% E 179. Alternative social institutions
. `! S/ s! [. x 180. Alternative communication system
& x" ?- j! P3 a% z0 ~) j7 W
1 P+ I% B- t0 zEconomic Intervention) k7 y3 J' d8 `9 {" n
181. Reverse strike1 F: Q* Y/ D3 q x' v4 f
182. Stay-in strike
1 X1 l& C5 L3 p# a M1 _9 B 183. Nonviolent land seizure8 n0 T: t" v5 c$ p) B5 \) p: v& c
184. Defiance of blockades
" P: n4 O. ^* M ]7 ]7 h- Z4 l 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ J, c. f% b. y0 e! l9 v/ k8 h
186. Preclusive purchasing
- `: y. F! L/ _0 G) [ 187. Seizure of assets
9 C+ w7 |( Y) g/ G1 K7 `5 c 188. Dumping
2 K. H0 W1 d) e3 ?8 E( K 189. Selective patronage- P2 ^! B* J& [/ O O% u; v7 y: G3 v/ p
190. Alternative markets# W8 k: ?& u: i5 |' W6 p3 S( ^: @
191. Alternative transportation systems
6 k8 v0 p$ ^0 D$ Y4 v" a 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 O. n6 j& l0 U' } z9 D; `- y1 ~: a6 Q+ s' `" H" a% l8 R, y/ d$ @
Political Intervention
" {: I( d3 F/ A1 c" n* T9 ] 193. Overloading of administrative systems% f2 ?4 D, \ m/ Z! n v1 ^( j
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents2 e( }! I K- L
195. Seeking imprisonment8 w0 n, a/ L9 G# _7 i- L' ~' r
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; A2 K F& V) I8 L# t F% { 197. Work-on without collaboration
! d0 J: f" c) x( `5 e5 Y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
+ H: o7 v) Q+ K" e' g9 `0 Y- |5 ?6 F. S
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
