 鲜花( 94)  鸡蛋( 2)
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深蓝是专为下棋设计的计算机,直接和手机上运行软件相比可能不能体现芯片技术的提高。
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: L; x' q4 N5 _我们可以从棋力相比。可以参考这个关于Elo的统计,卡斯帕罗夫的棋力大致2851。所以看来现在的四核台式电脑借助komodo程序可以打败深蓝,手机版本iPhone也许过两代也可以相比。 S* i$ T. o- H) f& h- U0 n4 K
http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/index.html I& d: C8 n! W/ U1 k
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关于计算能力的另一指标MIPS,有如下芯片的比较。可以看到手机及时是iPhone,和台式机性能总还是有几倍的差别。
1 E# e% W( ^3 ~2 T> MIPS Equivalents+ E) H+ l# B1 ]! J" T& N3 L
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4 ]) Z. `1 I3 S" s: y( |. v> Vax 11/780 = 1 MIPS; L d8 u' O; ^5 [6 w
> 10^9 Mind Children b/s = 40 MIPS, P8 H2 m/ A! s& w- \/ ^! u
> 1757 Dhrystones = 1 MIPS
- S N" w6 f2 F& K- \ x> 1 Dhrystone 2.1 MIPS = 1 MIPS% {8 M9 E1 ~- I
> 1 Specmark = 1 MIPS2 {. o1 V) }+ v8 Q0 L) x
> 1 Specint92 = 1 MIPS5 n; P. D, K2 a4 d3 a, v- L
> 1 Specint95 = 40 MIPS* n0 {4 [ c7 U6 E5 i# S8 K. T
> 1 Specint2000 = 4 MIPS
7 n" H6 V) w# |- Z# \: m7 Q> 1 MacBench = 0.66 MIPS: x7 I( o) u P0 s- O
> 1 MacBench 5.0 = 0.58 MIPS & D2 {1 e- q- G& }% I& G" a
> 1 MacBogoMIPS = 7.3 MIPS! w! A/ a0 i8 K
> 1 MacBogoMIPS Opt. = 1.8 MIPS " p& g& D: b/ f3 Y/ ~
> 1 BYTEmark = 100 MIPS; s' L6 U/ U; p) w
> 1 MacWorld Speedmark = 110 MIPS
7 ^; \+ [. v2 S0 W f0 }7 N/ B> 1 WinScore 2.0 = 3.4 MIPS1 Z3 ^# L* G. H( r; X7 g
> 1 Sysmark 2002 = 15 MIPS6 B( G1 P6 n. u7 J
> 1 SPECint_base2000 = 5 MIPS
8 s! D( ^, R$ I& Q; B* W b/ b> 1 SPECint_rate_base2000 = 431 MIPS0 W" @( J1 N! C5 v$ P
> 1 Speedmark 4.5 = 18.5 MIPS
; @ L$ @/ C8 o8 G1 a9 S) b> 1 Cinebench 10 = 3.4 MIPS
9 v, h( q3 Z v$ {. d* X, Y# _, B* }> 1 Cinebench 11.5 = 8000 MIPS
$ c7 v- e) C1 u p# P> 1 Speedmark 6 = 110 MIPS
, f2 m5 A" u) D' j> 1 Speedmark 6.5 = 130 MIPS0 }- O$ e# m3 n1 ]4 n9 ]* l
> 1 Geekbench 2 = 5.5 MIPS
+ P! M& f2 b% l/ `7 p7 h> 1 Geekbench 3 = 13 MIPS
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> Type 6 j: m5 A4 B- p9 f9 K2 n2 m
> H Hand (manual calculation)
$ W$ g! |" [6 u V3 p8 I$ }/ J> G Gear (mechanical calculator)
2 i' i8 n/ U z2 f+ Y! |# V, E4 z> E Electromechanical; D0 q; N1 O6 f$ i- A
> V Vacuum tube
# T7 O! @4 V6 s7 x% ?* w* E' M- S> T Transistor
$ S0 X) @" a) y/ n- C& z> C Ceramic (discrete components on small ceramic chip)
# p1 N% y5 z5 d> I Integrated circuit5 c4 v; l ?/ q$ `, v
> P Processor (integrated microprocessor)
2 _5 M" O# C+ [+ W0 U5 r> R RISC processor- {, ?& Y( f" `* {" Q4 J* z# \( h
> M Multiprocessor' G9 g' @) w9 q
> -+<>{* layout hints for early graph
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> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS
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: F2 t* W% d. w# S9 T; A; a' e' u7 ABy_Hand -<H 1892 8500 9.54e-05 1.19e-08, @3 l$ K! d; ?0 N; i4 y: {0 ]
Ohdner G 1891 11000 1.49e-07 3.33e-09
. s9 i- `9 _+ e9 D$ s. oSteiger_Millionaire G 1900 12000 3.58e-07 1.33e-08
% C. |3 R! C) ^6 f$ p4 U) G$ DHollerith G 1908 50000 0.000286 1.85e-08
: N6 Y; f y4 h4 lAnalytical_Engine G 1910 1e+06 0.0244 3.77e-07( I" i: |" {" z* L% e9 q) e# J
Monroe_Calculator -{G 1911 35000 2.86e-06 2.18e-08
3 @ ~7 q7 U: f( W; A) }5 W [7 b9 kIBM_Tabulator +<G 1919 20000 2.38e-05 4.12e-08
# J7 F2 a6 H4 @) f' l( lTorres_Arithmometer E 1920 25000 4.77e-06 3.58e-08( T; o3 [) D' u
National-Ellis_3000 G 1928 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08
+ O8 }; o3 N: b! g) aBurroughs_Class_16 +G 1929 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08
# u/ {9 Q6 I+ g0 S dZuse-1 -<G 1938 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-08
7 Z' d w5 B* W2 [* L0 AZuse-2 EG 1939 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-07
8 y$ \# G: x6 }6 b) gBTL_Model_1 E 1939 50000 3.81e-06 2e-063 Q. ]- R8 U! \" a$ r) f% ^
Zuse-3 EG 1941 50000 0.000244 2.04e-067 W: B1 M- S' P4 U N+ ~ Z
BTL_Model_2 E 1943 50000 1.19e-05 1.03e-06
7 ?" N2 O& D' ~* C3 t+ X# CColossus +V 1943 100000 2.38e-06 0.000224
$ m+ u, A/ n! v6 l, a% ], p% eBTL_Model_3 E 1943 200000 4.29e-05 2.83e-069 K j) w" @7 {( f2 m, `
ASCC_(Mark_1) -<E 1944 300000 0.000601 2.33e-06/ C6 w8 q: o& c- t5 j, I
Zuse-4 E 1945 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06
5 g9 V1 V {6 V G: V mBTL_Model_5 E 1946 500000 0.000147 3.29e-06
3 b B" q$ p# @. _. x; WENIAC +V 1946 600000 9.54e-05 0.002892 R4 y* |: I4 H Z0 x
Harvard_Mark_2 E 1947 300000 0.000488 6.22e-06 I$ v7 k! ]$ |, J! n9 q: b
IBM_SSEC VE 1948 500000 4.58e-05 0.000597! V/ {, y, c" H7 G, |
EDSAC V 1949 100000 0.00214 0.00255
, B" I S" r0 XSEAC V 1950 800000 0.00549 0.00416* a! V! `# D D8 X B9 }
UNIVAC_I +V 1951 930000 0.00537 0.00575
1 A' q- } B N7 {Zuse-5 E 1952 100000 0.000244 9.33e-06
2 E, t0 k5 [& ?& `' v. d X2 H) LIBM_CPC VE 1952 100000 0.000154 0.00176
: {" p* h2 a% T( |; z; [% H* q* ZIBM_650 ->V 1953 200000 0.00488 0.000966
( J- R6 c5 k vEDVAC V 1954 500000 0.00537 0.0017+ ?% e$ L: Z! U
Whirlwind +<V 1955 200000 0.00391 0.0694
- E! H' i$ `$ A+ Y0 qIBM_704 +V 1955 2e+06 0.0352 0.0536
* X5 Y- A. B$ b' x- O+ } {Librascope_LGP-30 V 1956 50000 0.0159 0.000701* ^- f- I$ e% n6 _. G& N. r
IBM_7090 +>T 1959 3e+06 0.141 0.326
" w" Z% w, h- cIBM_1620 -T 1960 200000 0.0122 0.00103
* I9 ]- E. \$ M8 L3 n# I5 D4 g' vDEC_PDP-1 T 1960 150000 0.0176 0.124
* \* l2 l* B1 S( O* yAtlas T 1961 5e+06 0.0234 1.45 q* Q5 ^3 W. v( p4 F* J+ t
Burroughs_5000 ->T 1962 1e+06 0.0254 0.09899 h p1 L8 q+ D# K
IBM_7040 -T 1963 560000 0.07 0.063
8 b( [% j' Z5 {Honeywell_1800 T 1963 1400000 0.093 0.15
* E* H7 G; {* m0 hDEC_PDP-6 T 1964 300000 0.0703 0.1693 E8 h* p5 k Y; W9 N% r
CDC_6600 T 1964 5e+06 4 8.762 i8 s9 v0 _+ z% u' j
IBM_1130 +{C 1965 50000 0.0156 0.15
, @$ @( U1 `$ A a7 x) x9 B. }5 hIBM_360/75 -C 1966 5e+06 8 2.54* J; m! m- i2 W9 r8 y: J
IBM_360/65 C 1967 3e+06 4 1.24( }4 L& L4 |0 j S6 c0 Q9 w7 ^3 [
DEC_PDP-10 +I 1968 500000 0.562 0.655& k: s: h( ]% M3 K# p6 `7 b
CDC_7600 +T 1969 1e+07 8 25.7
2 b: l' y, p9 i) A6 `8 G% H& zDG_Nova ->I 1969 7600 0.008 0.1175( q' ?) q1 c: K1 _1 v
GE-635 T 1970 2e+06 0.5 0.649
( w; Z1 H% V/ H3 j9 SSDS_920 -T 1971 100000 0.25 0.105: }7 u8 ]! O3 C2 ~
IBM_360/195 C 1972 8e+06 0.5 17.3
9 u0 H, q# m uHoneywell_700 I 1972 12000 0.031 0.075
* y8 L9 ~* y2 U8 v. |Prime_Computer_100 I 1973 8500 0.031 0.36
* ~8 D. I- L" ?* ?* tIBM-370/168 I 1974 2e+06 1 8.88
- F/ \! Q' {: k. Q; lMITS_Altair P 1974 500 0.00024 0.01
' Q8 w5 c8 e: e* }1 P. bDG_Eclipse +I 1975 50000 0.25 0.47
4 N- F" T, {% y1 C( ^8 QDEC-KL-10 -I 1975 500000 4.5 2.31 W6 h" ~: i) H7 l4 u" s
DEC_PDP-11/70 I 1976 150000 0.125 0.4
3 F6 S1 w2 X2 J$ J6 BCray-1 I 1976 1e+07 32 1509 p2 J4 A/ _; C% B" h3 C2 Q
Apple_II +P 1977 1300 0.0039 0.024 t" {. |& [: [" r+ S0 t( N+ _
DEC_VAX_11/780 -<P 1977 200000 8 1.0
0 j6 d. O5 ?8 }% z8 OTRS-80 P 1977 2000 0.015 0.04
/ \) J, O; p# E% K1 m h% vCommodore_PET I 1977 1500 0.008 0.06
/ H( H( K$ ]) W3 l) }' _CDC_IPL I 1978 500000 1 7.5: Y, }3 m5 }% ~" ^( w% u& i/ A% \
Nanodata_VMX200 I 1979 300000 2 2.1& c" m v7 n8 l: Z7 g) P
TRS-80_M3 P 1980 1200 0.015 0.04. S7 |& C5 v% V+ ?
Sun-1 P 1980 30000 1 0.484. [2 M' o5 L4 I6 b) O. W/ x3 N
CDC_Cyber-205 I 1981 9e+06 16 73.2
; Q" A; S7 @, f7 H" `8 c" PVic_20 P 1981 279 0.005 0.04, T7 }% B9 t. x8 Q
IBM_PC +<P 1982 3500 0.0635 0.238
- \! v7 z1 j, e1 oSun-2 +<P 1982 20000 2 0.7416 b# v) t0 Q: @: ?! }4 i
Commodore_64 +P 1982 500 0.0825 0.2) D+ m) z) Z9 p) [ A/ j% `
TRS-80_M4 P 1983 1000 0.0635 0.2; m* \8 X ?4 W7 p2 [: f1 r
Vax_11/750 -<P 1983 50000 4 0.799
, ~& E9 _! y) ~9 o. S) YMacintosh-128K +<P 1984 2500 0.125 0.52
% V7 h% _: z) @( W4 V, j4 KVax_11/785 P 1984 200000 0.0156 2.269 M% E% M& D" }8 I6 _
Cray-2/4 M 1985 1e+07 1.95e+03 8242 n) t: r2 {0 I, F g5 |
L.Edge_XT-7.16 P 1985 1995 0.25 0.26
. O* H4 j( t/ aAtari_800XL P 1985 850 0.64 0.165. o& m+ ?" l, n: i0 m7 D
Sun-3 -<P 1986 10000 4 2.05; o$ }0 k- Y' t( F
DEC_VAX_8650 P 1986 125000 16 7.71
4 h2 O4 P+ R6 w# G: @0 o7 c: UMIT_XT-8 P 1986 500 0.25 0.534
9 U+ S1 n$ `; q! Z( B) K3 TMac_II +P 1987 3000 2 2.51 I x& C% O6 {) T( {" S
Sun-4 R 1987 10000 16 1.87+ o1 \4 S; l7 K3 D
Mac-IIx P 1988 9295 4 3.9
u" B5 O+ P, ~: ?3 \CompuAdd_386-16 P 1988 2095 1 2.8
w1 f1 X3 N) n+ Q" x* n7 R( [PC_Brand_386-25 P 1988 2450 1 4.3* q- T5 J% y" O* M# v/ M$ [
Wang_VS_10000 P 1989 510000 16 1039 ]/ u0 ^# m1 d0 F4 U6 w% @. M
Macintosh_SE30 P 1989 6495 5 3.97 i1 K5 u1 a2 ~8 r1 R5 _ {
Solbourne_5/500 P 1989 50000 2 25.5
( B9 y( S3 `0 r, w. g! M+ LStardent_3000 P 1990 89000 32 27.31 o6 v* _/ \0 D# @, ?0 q; f* A8 \
Dell_320LX P 1990 2900 1 12.5) i% `; q2 [4 e+ I8 l8 F; }
Mac_IIfx -P 1990 9869 4 10.0: E. M. i* I% N! U6 d
Amiga_3000 P 1990 3300 2 12.5
; `" l, O7 o3 X: ]+ o* J' s) BGateway-486DX2/66 +P 1991 3900 8 30.9
4 L( S1 n# {) l+ G+ S& ^, [3 X! r# iACT_468/33 P 1991 3400 4 21.8* [9 Q' A5 }1 s& |7 e/ D" e
Mac-Quadra-900 P 1991 3299 8 22.08 r7 Y3 d+ x) b$ w0 J3 s) G
AST_Bravo P 1992 1400 2 12.9
/ f$ X! t0 r: o1 b7 _IBM_PS/2_55-041 P 1992 2000 4 10.6. y) y5 p8 n: A. I: f6 L
NEC_Powermate P 1992 4800 4 21.8
# N0 W$ L9 R" v' wIBM_Valuepoint P 1993 3600 4 26.1- a3 K8 N! w: S
Acer_Power P 1993 3500 4 44.5
2 G$ y2 F1 e, ?% ADECpc_LPv P 1993 2900 4 16.6. B( C; Z5 C2 s# U% h: e6 m6 B" z7 ~
IBM_433/DX/Si P 1994 1800 4 26.1
/ Z8 }% q" m; `* e& k/ D& SGateway_2000_486 P 1994 1000 2 16.2
, l( P& c& |5 V. mPowerMac_7100/66 R 1994 2899 8 100
; w$ Q4 v" T( N6 ]- nPowerMac_8500/120 R 1995 3999 16 180. _; j: P2 x# y9 z: @
PowerMac_9500/132 R 1995 5299 16 200, p, \# z5 V5 v$ {
Intel_Xpress/60 R 1995 2000 8 70* z9 L( A E( y
Gateway_P5-75 P 1996 2000 16 92( j t" ^% |) r: [$ Z( h
Power_Tower_180e *R 1996 3295 16 3000 ~2 ]" w$ }: _6 ~+ W3 `6 R
PowerMac_7600/132 R 1996 2999 16 1605 p' M3 e( N# q% _, ~' ~3 N
Gateway_G6-200 *P 1997 2949 64 350) F! T2 S4 T& E6 t1 h6 T( J+ C7 z
Power_Center_210 R 1997 2500 32 375
T# q$ f8 V. J9 Y+ S' c# UMac_G3/266 R 1997 2000 32 500
1 [- @* N% `! A: w% MiMac_G3/233 *R 1998 1300 32 450/ c/ o' }# j2 Q. j2 b% N. l4 G
AcerPower8000/450B P 1998 2250 128 475/ m/ y. p" J! Y; g: u
Mac_G3/333 R 1998 2300 64 6509 H* y/ f! i: |" X+ ]6 t
Pentium_II/455 *P 1999 2000 64 750
- U# M6 ?* \2 e. m, _Pentium_III/500 R 1999 2500 128 820
1 f* q ]/ W. h. o: H! m. q8 C8 mMac_G4/450 *R 1999 2500 128 856
. X: p$ c% Q7 Y- p/ I( W1 ~7 A7 SIBM_ASCI_White *M 2000 110e6 4e6 10e61 Z9 e+ h/ W8 w j8 @+ Q0 N6 t2 q
Sony_Playstation_II *R 2000 300 32 6000$ w# o/ v2 D b$ G5 |5 H% f
Mac_G4/500_dual *M 2000 3500 256 15007 P5 Y& U/ `: [0 F6 A* b# ?: r- H5 C
CerfCube R 2001 500 32 230
% E' _ i& x2 x' n" p. `' n1 v6 OMac_G4/867 R 2001 2500 128 1300
: r5 N& C4 B# e0 m% U$ p) hDell_Workst_340/2G P 2001 3000 256 33206 w9 y0 _8 c3 X8 r
iMac_G4/700 R 2002 1600 256 1100
7 Q" `/ f- z- `6 O" P2 }' LDell_Workst_340/2.5 P 2002 2500 256 4500
/ U; W3 y# ~! V9 l% H0 }% J0 BAthlon_XP_2.6GHz P 2002 3000 256 4144
" M, p; K, ~6 d. E% OMac_G4/Dual-1.25GHz M 2003 2000 512 2500) Z1 C6 S: u3 E3 } E
Dell_D_8300_P4/3.0 P 2003 2500 2048 44398 _7 l! b2 {: g3 n4 k
Mac_G5/Dual-2.0 M 2003 3500 1536 7413
0 q# z+ \; a* k" q; d6 n9 P, d4 f( E/ VDell_P4-530_3.0 P 2004 1200 512 5100 k$ G. T8 M9 z5 _ D$ {6 N
Mac_G5/Dual-2.5 M 2004 3500 2048 100003 G$ y( S L/ g( {3 |
VAtech_SysX_2.3G M 2004 6e6 4.5e6 20e6
6 y2 y6 G& H- b- ]/ m# a6 _4 K: ~Athlon64_FX55-2.6 P 2004 2000 1024 6800& O, `* k- j# {! p( T
Mac_Mini_G4-1.25 P 2005 500 256 18506 z- k* _. o' [ G6 j
Opteron_252-2.6 M 2005 1500 1024 7000
, ]' A3 N1 I2 n# j5 uMac_G5/Quad-2.5 M 2005 3500 2048 24000
* r1 C$ x$ k: ^" p/ Y! J2 W5 ?iMac-Core_Duo_2.0x2 M 2006 1700 512 15000# v0 s+ x9 J: h; [* |+ n: M
Mac_Pro_Xeon_2.66x4 M 2006 2500 1024 30000
7 [7 {) D, P: r! RMac_Mini_Duo_1.83x2 M 2006 800 512 9000
( @' }2 i+ R1 }0 W6 e A0 M* ?Mac_Pro/2_3GHzx8 M 2007 4000 2048 50000
" E* j5 N9 l/ P4 f2 ~ E$ e+ tSun_Blackbox M 2007 5e5 1e6 5e60 n1 I4 q7 _- T1 {- J
IBM_Blue_Gene/P M 2007 13e5 2e6 14e62 r0 r0 D$ N E# g; C; O- r/ f( u% o
Mac_Pro/2.8GHzx8 M 2008 3500 4096 60000
8 _/ j- y& y( @- r# BIBM_Roadrunner(LANL) M 2008 133e6 100e6 1e9
" s1 m" J1 g; q5 @% aCray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2008 100e6 400e6 1e9" C& u. B% ?7 M: A
Mac_Mini_Duo_2x2 M 2009 600 1024 11000
# s3 o& y1 Q4 j' w' `, o TAcer_Aspire_X1700 M 2009 480 4096 10000: C$ c( Z0 |/ j) Z
Mac_Nehalem_2.66x8 M 2009 4500 8192 780003 W3 e I* G. D) }# @! b( `
Cray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2010 100e6 400e6 1.75e9
4 k4 Z+ r/ y5 eMac_Westmere_2.93x12 M 2010 7000 16384 121000
# N; a \) q' \* lTianhe-1A(China) M 2010 100e6 262e6 2.67e9
2 Z+ Q+ T1 c6 E9 c" ~iPad-2 P 2011 500 512 1600
# w3 g* y* H) {' O- @iMac_21_i5_2.5x4 M 2011 1200 4096 40000: s- x" t7 I8 z( F1 W
MacBook_Pro_15_2.2x4 M 2011 1200 4096 51000
: q& q, M4 g0 Q, }! z5 ~Fujitsu_K_Computer M 2012 1e9 1e9 10e9; i9 X9 |: Q" w
Raspberry_Pi P 2012 25 256 1000
* ~$ P9 c8 D7 S" [% TiPad-2012 M 2012 600 1024 4150" l6 [' m' t$ V) C
iPhone-5C M 2013 500 1024 9210
- I( k- f0 ^( l4 `iPhone-5S M 2013 600 1024 182002 ?" H( C/ S0 b/ z0 @3 N0 o) {0 `
MacBookAir-11(2013) M 2013 1100 4096 58240
5 X# f* X |# l+ _3 q6 UMacBookAir-11(2014) M 2014 900 4096 62153& H3 a' U9 Y* R6 ]" u' b7 f
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' A) g! ^- o, A$ Z% Z8 j; D> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS" s& z3 s3 ?( G' F7 ]( S5 T: D3 J3 W
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