 鲜花( 94)  鸡蛋( 2)
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深蓝是专为下棋设计的计算机,直接和手机上运行软件相比可能不能体现芯片技术的提高。# a% a" J% E$ r- T+ M
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我们可以从棋力相比。可以参考这个关于Elo的统计,卡斯帕罗夫的棋力大致2851。所以看来现在的四核台式电脑借助komodo程序可以打败深蓝,手机版本iPhone也许过两代也可以相比。( t* _' b: u# z, s4 t
http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/index.html
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7 f2 N9 y$ K' j+ G关于计算能力的另一指标MIPS,有如下芯片的比较。可以看到手机及时是iPhone,和台式机性能总还是有几倍的差别。
* J) t4 J- ^8 x& V> MIPS Equivalents
4 p3 v2 j. t$ U3 X- ~. m* T) W> ' x( Z( l% y k3 w2 y6 i$ H9 l
> Vax 11/780 = 1 MIPS
! n" C. b2 |3 _- c0 Y+ B$ a> 10^9 Mind Children b/s = 40 MIPS
1 W& `7 n# c" N0 d8 r4 ?> 1757 Dhrystones = 1 MIPS8 a! J: e9 E( M
> 1 Dhrystone 2.1 MIPS = 1 MIPS
5 w0 V3 T* Q o( n> 1 Specmark = 1 MIPS g4 ^# v# c- W8 n& Z. D3 g
> 1 Specint92 = 1 MIPS
( g: d1 M, s% b W$ i- I> 1 Specint95 = 40 MIPS
1 \9 M2 ^5 ^0 Y> 1 Specint2000 = 4 MIPS
+ ^( G5 N O- Z; i> 1 MacBench = 0.66 MIPS, ?0 {+ r6 j* c; L" _1 l
> 1 MacBench 5.0 = 0.58 MIPS 9 H/ I0 I. r9 X! Q- `
> 1 MacBogoMIPS = 7.3 MIPS
& i9 m. W$ u: n% ~& @1 f2 P> 1 MacBogoMIPS Opt. = 1.8 MIPS
) {3 V% `# R+ J+ I L> 1 BYTEmark = 100 MIPS
. s9 n6 s/ m$ |7 g+ K> 1 MacWorld Speedmark = 110 MIPS8 o: R% }/ R2 q* `! i& v+ O
> 1 WinScore 2.0 = 3.4 MIPS v0 P- t9 O# h4 Q+ S/ K
> 1 Sysmark 2002 = 15 MIPS8 ?$ _" d2 f+ s# u
> 1 SPECint_base2000 = 5 MIPS9 V$ e- }$ A& \) E M
> 1 SPECint_rate_base2000 = 431 MIPS
7 G4 G& {7 q5 I5 ^> 1 Speedmark 4.5 = 18.5 MIPS
I" ~5 D1 ~* f# k3 W! m" V4 H> 1 Cinebench 10 = 3.4 MIPS
) A, S) l; j& x0 ]# l> 1 Cinebench 11.5 = 8000 MIPS5 M6 m/ N/ c, {4 \& g; z
> 1 Speedmark 6 = 110 MIPS2 _8 z% u* ~& S
> 1 Speedmark 6.5 = 130 MIPS
3 D# r# d0 C% l* v7 P> 1 Geekbench 2 = 5.5 MIPS) N& ^- t( N4 H' b
> 1 Geekbench 3 = 13 MIPS
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4 p; u; d L% U" A" B> Type 7 U7 c6 \9 n# A4 l4 V
> H Hand (manual calculation)5 W& T/ \% W; Y1 h! c u
> G Gear (mechanical calculator)
( q( u+ K' X$ R2 h, O O> E Electromechanical0 }9 R' \3 F" C, f, ^, Z
> V Vacuum tube& h% H" k7 f( ~8 h$ D
> T Transistor! t- o' D; E9 Z, m% J' p9 P' ]7 B
> C Ceramic (discrete components on small ceramic chip)
5 j. P7 m: {; H4 I, D* d$ ~> I Integrated circuit0 R0 J" O0 c m) Z
> P Processor (integrated microprocessor)- i; w1 W% |/ ~4 u
> R RISC processor
9 `/ h u) P- ^/ I7 c> M Multiprocessor' A) g+ m6 f7 b6 R/ f/ K; ]
> -+<>{* layout hints for early graph* Y7 ~2 q* e9 a$ `+ k' t
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> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS5 @0 z$ o3 d# i* a4 b, ~1 Q
>
4 i8 d. k1 k+ FBy_Hand -<H 1892 8500 9.54e-05 1.19e-08- z$ x4 J* \, V3 |0 Y/ B
Ohdner G 1891 11000 1.49e-07 3.33e-093 ?+ m8 y4 b' G t* i
Steiger_Millionaire G 1900 12000 3.58e-07 1.33e-08$ v* I! s& L: b6 {7 p/ s
Hollerith G 1908 50000 0.000286 1.85e-087 o4 p/ f2 R: W2 Y. X4 v& @) W! {
Analytical_Engine G 1910 1e+06 0.0244 3.77e-07
( M' f/ t" A4 O4 MMonroe_Calculator -{G 1911 35000 2.86e-06 2.18e-08
5 V" g' c& q9 gIBM_Tabulator +<G 1919 20000 2.38e-05 4.12e-08
: Y; O g! t1 o# k+ ZTorres_Arithmometer E 1920 25000 4.77e-06 3.58e-08 m/ o* w# n0 ^# J, t; {
National-Ellis_3000 G 1928 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08
0 c ^& j! ^7 j/ P) w: S+ vBurroughs_Class_16 +G 1929 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08
. @. l' H# o9 W$ G" xZuse-1 -<G 1938 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-08, U2 d' d# C5 A- Y4 W9 T7 I
Zuse-2 EG 1939 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-07
* D$ {" v o% G7 k- wBTL_Model_1 E 1939 50000 3.81e-06 2e-068 c/ f& z7 O- v+ U% Z# f; _
Zuse-3 EG 1941 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06, ~0 ]. u' R& q% U+ p' P( k
BTL_Model_2 E 1943 50000 1.19e-05 1.03e-06
5 ]8 s, x" _: y' nColossus +V 1943 100000 2.38e-06 0.000224
; k8 W2 a/ i7 Q# ^5 ^' u( E1 {& rBTL_Model_3 E 1943 200000 4.29e-05 2.83e-060 G/ P. c2 N* q( h9 X! s( r
ASCC_(Mark_1) -<E 1944 300000 0.000601 2.33e-06. Q8 A, Y5 {' o! s8 |" u. _
Zuse-4 E 1945 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06
4 z! }& X/ k: i! }6 KBTL_Model_5 E 1946 500000 0.000147 3.29e-06$ ^$ T1 w: y- h$ D; {( O3 P
ENIAC +V 1946 600000 9.54e-05 0.00289, a8 }1 C' V( s7 ]
Harvard_Mark_2 E 1947 300000 0.000488 6.22e-06
$ d' v/ u" M! Q- _! MIBM_SSEC VE 1948 500000 4.58e-05 0.000597/ f5 Z: ]7 c- i: x5 C
EDSAC V 1949 100000 0.00214 0.00255
+ }; ^% x3 N. S4 J# |5 VSEAC V 1950 800000 0.00549 0.00416
& U2 b6 t7 v: k v& N; bUNIVAC_I +V 1951 930000 0.00537 0.00575
4 X2 Y2 W2 @6 f2 Y) [8 e$ jZuse-5 E 1952 100000 0.000244 9.33e-06' N O9 j0 ~2 r# {( v* x
IBM_CPC VE 1952 100000 0.000154 0.00176
7 R& M8 r4 W" B( x* gIBM_650 ->V 1953 200000 0.00488 0.000966
; Z5 b: O4 U4 h+ M9 y4 g) ^EDVAC V 1954 500000 0.00537 0.0017
1 Y7 j+ ~3 @; [. [4 ]Whirlwind +<V 1955 200000 0.00391 0.0694/ S6 ^0 M7 c+ {5 w
IBM_704 +V 1955 2e+06 0.0352 0.0536
. @1 l( s* C! x1 H* l# rLibrascope_LGP-30 V 1956 50000 0.0159 0.000701& ^, R: Z4 ~, A0 f
IBM_7090 +>T 1959 3e+06 0.141 0.326! G& V* j, D( d4 u, `2 B
IBM_1620 -T 1960 200000 0.0122 0.00103
( O7 g) M z% _: IDEC_PDP-1 T 1960 150000 0.0176 0.124
% I1 P6 J, f0 t- Z8 t8 QAtlas T 1961 5e+06 0.0234 1.4
& b# F% ]+ d$ r& OBurroughs_5000 ->T 1962 1e+06 0.0254 0.0989
1 N/ k d+ _/ L6 s4 r2 X3 uIBM_7040 -T 1963 560000 0.07 0.063
- ]3 }6 ]. `( u' {0 U8 Z: t6 I4 M sHoneywell_1800 T 1963 1400000 0.093 0.152 d& ]1 ^% T( l9 n
DEC_PDP-6 T 1964 300000 0.0703 0.169( ~' z+ R6 Z) N8 l" y1 b
CDC_6600 T 1964 5e+06 4 8.76
1 G F! r; p2 m# t0 nIBM_1130 +{C 1965 50000 0.0156 0.15
* A7 T2 g0 f/ ^; MIBM_360/75 -C 1966 5e+06 8 2.54) w% f- f" W# e
IBM_360/65 C 1967 3e+06 4 1.242 A4 h w+ Y% W/ d; j0 X6 p
DEC_PDP-10 +I 1968 500000 0.562 0.655! k- `, p% E4 I3 s1 E
CDC_7600 +T 1969 1e+07 8 25.7
# E. X |& c! G8 G* m! wDG_Nova ->I 1969 7600 0.008 0.11750 l5 e% }% T- b5 S, `
GE-635 T 1970 2e+06 0.5 0.649 [) V# D j' v
SDS_920 -T 1971 100000 0.25 0.105 K) p3 s, _- J. f C* c
IBM_360/195 C 1972 8e+06 0.5 17.3; G% k! l5 Z1 W H) Y+ q; p4 x' J
Honeywell_700 I 1972 12000 0.031 0.075* y1 R9 @2 b5 _9 N0 @ z& x# Y
Prime_Computer_100 I 1973 8500 0.031 0.365 q( ~4 S/ C* _% X4 n7 l
IBM-370/168 I 1974 2e+06 1 8.882 w, v, I% ~+ D
MITS_Altair P 1974 500 0.00024 0.01
. s. B2 P0 f0 @0 ~* X# q" t3 i5 NDG_Eclipse +I 1975 50000 0.25 0.47
# A2 @. v9 e j8 {. R5 QDEC-KL-10 -I 1975 500000 4.5 2.3
) I m o# N- O: x2 EDEC_PDP-11/70 I 1976 150000 0.125 0.41 Y/ T* |; q6 x' p/ h0 \
Cray-1 I 1976 1e+07 32 150
# D# [# U) B5 ^! Y$ wApple_II +P 1977 1300 0.0039 0.02
' P: B2 C5 D7 \/ jDEC_VAX_11/780 -<P 1977 200000 8 1.0
0 w9 Y- L+ b$ ^TRS-80 P 1977 2000 0.015 0.04! R5 j r1 }2 H
Commodore_PET I 1977 1500 0.008 0.06
# W5 r. Q8 M8 m7 ]: s5 JCDC_IPL I 1978 500000 1 7.5
# e/ y+ u9 ^9 D1 y% N) ]5 G/ lNanodata_VMX200 I 1979 300000 2 2.1
- o- P# m) w5 k2 wTRS-80_M3 P 1980 1200 0.015 0.04$ p8 v' G$ j5 o$ b
Sun-1 P 1980 30000 1 0.484
' W1 {" `! t, V- h6 k) h: qCDC_Cyber-205 I 1981 9e+06 16 73.2
) f' ^; W$ x$ K+ `0 G2 M# qVic_20 P 1981 279 0.005 0.04
% d$ ~9 V% I; ^$ IIBM_PC +<P 1982 3500 0.0635 0.238' Y# s& `4 ^1 E2 I8 ]
Sun-2 +<P 1982 20000 2 0.741
1 z f, l; l6 \: Q0 kCommodore_64 +P 1982 500 0.0825 0.2
+ c4 }- ?- w3 QTRS-80_M4 P 1983 1000 0.0635 0.2
5 q3 N' ?% M8 a2 OVax_11/750 -<P 1983 50000 4 0.799
7 v- s6 E" y- ]' I. eMacintosh-128K +<P 1984 2500 0.125 0.52$ c3 c- k4 L7 b& N( X
Vax_11/785 P 1984 200000 0.0156 2.26
; A ]6 {3 Q" i2 P* fCray-2/4 M 1985 1e+07 1.95e+03 824
^7 g6 e0 g8 a D1 e& ~L.Edge_XT-7.16 P 1985 1995 0.25 0.26
8 _7 ]" V8 j2 I+ s1 B. u8 IAtari_800XL P 1985 850 0.64 0.165( m* N6 \( y4 h3 a5 Z
Sun-3 -<P 1986 10000 4 2.05
- _; i1 G* \( r" YDEC_VAX_8650 P 1986 125000 16 7.715 I, J- W x( s3 g. |/ _: ~7 H
MIT_XT-8 P 1986 500 0.25 0.534
" {- Z5 L7 @9 a0 Z+ [( [ y6 ]* MMac_II +P 1987 3000 2 2.58 Q s$ Q2 A3 e- e5 _% d3 y, \3 m. G
Sun-4 R 1987 10000 16 1.87; ~& J; z* T2 u* l" E: w, P4 J
Mac-IIx P 1988 9295 4 3.9
: b* ]5 q# F% i5 U% B/ Y% fCompuAdd_386-16 P 1988 2095 1 2.8
1 a5 E3 l8 d4 @9 E7 R- z( ~PC_Brand_386-25 P 1988 2450 1 4.31 r1 J4 W2 A% P: e
Wang_VS_10000 P 1989 510000 16 103
. t% X& `( p+ W: _. ~/ `0 u4 }Macintosh_SE30 P 1989 6495 5 3.9
/ H# C8 j2 n1 K. K9 WSolbourne_5/500 P 1989 50000 2 25.5
4 b4 s* Q8 ]$ g5 m5 X" G0 _% NStardent_3000 P 1990 89000 32 27.3
* l4 t0 N* V9 C0 m6 SDell_320LX P 1990 2900 1 12.56 T* h" B) R. I4 m9 K6 D8 S
Mac_IIfx -P 1990 9869 4 10.0
. a% A- r1 Q! |' i6 pAmiga_3000 P 1990 3300 2 12.5
# q! X) s/ v ~" ?; c QGateway-486DX2/66 +P 1991 3900 8 30.9
% j0 R$ r9 g; x- {8 D& R: bACT_468/33 P 1991 3400 4 21.8
0 Z# m B! @& R# S; B rMac-Quadra-900 P 1991 3299 8 22.0
5 G" t& K/ o. e: w) eAST_Bravo P 1992 1400 2 12.99 a. D* h; J+ c5 q
IBM_PS/2_55-041 P 1992 2000 4 10.67 V# y) X5 p* E7 N
NEC_Powermate P 1992 4800 4 21.87 j f/ m2 K1 R6 X) Z
IBM_Valuepoint P 1993 3600 4 26.1' g! j! Y1 E( O. v. Y) r( F
Acer_Power P 1993 3500 4 44.5! G$ O4 B a+ `0 m& ]
DECpc_LPv P 1993 2900 4 16.6
" c) ]& f H; }/ E2 X) nIBM_433/DX/Si P 1994 1800 4 26.1
) {3 b1 F9 B, L' ?5 BGateway_2000_486 P 1994 1000 2 16.2
( ]+ j) m8 x5 V( F- g [2 Z3 m& lPowerMac_7100/66 R 1994 2899 8 100 U; W* X* b& h6 U
PowerMac_8500/120 R 1995 3999 16 180
L' F ^% q4 Y: r( z4 {/ n/ [PowerMac_9500/132 R 1995 5299 16 200
: G: x: @3 ?5 ?6 WIntel_Xpress/60 R 1995 2000 8 70; [1 S. a5 c/ }/ \* _5 y5 I. r
Gateway_P5-75 P 1996 2000 16 92" A! m# Y& z- y: A
Power_Tower_180e *R 1996 3295 16 300' \/ h$ `- R: z. m. k
PowerMac_7600/132 R 1996 2999 16 160 n! ~4 y' P9 ]3 J! E. `& k9 Y
Gateway_G6-200 *P 1997 2949 64 350& E6 x" ]; R0 @6 S9 M
Power_Center_210 R 1997 2500 32 375
' N9 V$ _: g3 [/ l* K1 MMac_G3/266 R 1997 2000 32 500
9 Q% S4 h* E' v; v X9 Y( v+ i0 PiMac_G3/233 *R 1998 1300 32 450
; h! g O3 P# j: m T4 _0 EAcerPower8000/450B P 1998 2250 128 475
! @8 _% D! S5 c: w; z# L" zMac_G3/333 R 1998 2300 64 650
5 f# Y2 |) K0 Q; XPentium_II/455 *P 1999 2000 64 750
& f7 x, s( c0 c; U/ [Pentium_III/500 R 1999 2500 128 820
+ T6 c; \0 J* }$ dMac_G4/450 *R 1999 2500 128 856- j* e' C% W5 J4 K
IBM_ASCI_White *M 2000 110e6 4e6 10e6
: a; ^* a( r5 D5 C% b" X5 {Sony_Playstation_II *R 2000 300 32 60007 H, U" C7 r. W: ~
Mac_G4/500_dual *M 2000 3500 256 1500/ O* @: v4 Q- w: }$ u
CerfCube R 2001 500 32 230& k9 _2 z: N) M: q7 u* N
Mac_G4/867 R 2001 2500 128 1300
. X/ w3 }% w- hDell_Workst_340/2G P 2001 3000 256 3320
8 _% H7 i! u6 }0 Q% e9 OiMac_G4/700 R 2002 1600 256 1100, Z# T$ C) O+ _) s' z" a
Dell_Workst_340/2.5 P 2002 2500 256 4500
; F1 c! z. `" ]/ q% p! }Athlon_XP_2.6GHz P 2002 3000 256 4144
! T; F7 V7 R. o" D: _* dMac_G4/Dual-1.25GHz M 2003 2000 512 2500
* W/ |4 S% G3 ^8 XDell_D_8300_P4/3.0 P 2003 2500 2048 4439
) F2 X1 {' Y4 B/ sMac_G5/Dual-2.0 M 2003 3500 1536 7413$ u$ Q8 U5 c$ I9 S
Dell_P4-530_3.0 P 2004 1200 512 5100
- J* ]9 G" ?; k* ]9 mMac_G5/Dual-2.5 M 2004 3500 2048 10000
+ M `) c7 b/ K/ X; h7 ZVAtech_SysX_2.3G M 2004 6e6 4.5e6 20e6* f3 v. y I1 s' o# G1 @4 K
Athlon64_FX55-2.6 P 2004 2000 1024 6800
7 m3 y. U2 K7 M2 P+ e) u* QMac_Mini_G4-1.25 P 2005 500 256 1850, A5 w) ~! X0 `! v9 I
Opteron_252-2.6 M 2005 1500 1024 7000
- F Q7 {" N9 }5 M1 qMac_G5/Quad-2.5 M 2005 3500 2048 24000
5 w$ o2 K" A1 @iMac-Core_Duo_2.0x2 M 2006 1700 512 15000+ O9 @* t' Z2 O7 s- l- t; b
Mac_Pro_Xeon_2.66x4 M 2006 2500 1024 30000
, @- H3 W+ ~7 I; W: xMac_Mini_Duo_1.83x2 M 2006 800 512 90001 Z: F: A* n2 I- F7 S
Mac_Pro/2_3GHzx8 M 2007 4000 2048 50000
) y* ~' {0 ^. \6 \ FSun_Blackbox M 2007 5e5 1e6 5e6
; l0 L: `# `8 w% ^IBM_Blue_Gene/P M 2007 13e5 2e6 14e6& E' R+ W7 o: A; Y, W
Mac_Pro/2.8GHzx8 M 2008 3500 4096 600003 ?6 K% t0 d. ~1 e6 r
IBM_Roadrunner(LANL) M 2008 133e6 100e6 1e93 j9 Z7 a; Z9 h: m! e
Cray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2008 100e6 400e6 1e9
9 o$ M: J/ \$ N$ yMac_Mini_Duo_2x2 M 2009 600 1024 11000
& R7 f; C0 a3 y! EAcer_Aspire_X1700 M 2009 480 4096 10000
2 {; g3 \" ?$ v" m5 YMac_Nehalem_2.66x8 M 2009 4500 8192 78000
8 K; Q( Y/ A) D" @. o0 yCray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2010 100e6 400e6 1.75e96 q) D/ B+ b! ~
Mac_Westmere_2.93x12 M 2010 7000 16384 1210006 h, r( `$ k b6 N* `
Tianhe-1A(China) M 2010 100e6 262e6 2.67e9. @; \1 e- T; x9 w# \& `
iPad-2 P 2011 500 512 1600: e8 R- p! C7 \5 M8 K0 j4 K4 l) O
iMac_21_i5_2.5x4 M 2011 1200 4096 40000( p: Z$ z# u3 x) C; E, w8 Q- j) f* h
MacBook_Pro_15_2.2x4 M 2011 1200 4096 51000* e( Y: [& X' S& H6 E' e! Q$ \- t; E
Fujitsu_K_Computer M 2012 1e9 1e9 10e9& ?8 u/ q! }$ C/ \
Raspberry_Pi P 2012 25 256 10004 I$ T' A3 a2 U; [; V6 o1 Y, v2 T
iPad-2012 M 2012 600 1024 4150
1 ^) Z7 t' F! ?! Y. s7 piPhone-5C M 2013 500 1024 9210. g2 \: {/ _ `. m; Q& Y4 o
iPhone-5S M 2013 600 1024 18200
% j; q% U& \4 dMacBookAir-11(2013) M 2013 1100 4096 58240
0 }: X# G4 g5 i0 Z7 h7 k! iMacBookAir-11(2014) M 2014 900 4096 62153
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> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS
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