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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688; r3 [) B* i: m c0 N1 y
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China) U7 H: u) d2 [' Q* f( n* k" o
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of( e; D$ z. g, C
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
5 G: O: Y; B4 v" U+ Z% Q, p" H" C8 g: Y
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of& h" a' ~' E3 G2 E, K) S
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.6 Y1 x$ c! u% m
0 O8 A4 A y0 h5 ~" s/ @Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
7 {* f3 @# Z3 uReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018( P0 m! J, P, R2 a) T5 X
Published online 26 January 20182 T/ o9 r1 K2 |8 A* i* s
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( o+ A6 u" M7 `: I& U. ^Abstract
$ x1 ?; f! M; ]: N0 pJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing h8 m/ }( _$ D7 a5 i: V) X c! P
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
, u" s; g3 _( B% r5 T1 z! n0 sTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been; r5 L: c; z4 l; v3 m
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not* S& z2 m* U- v8 A% Y ^* c
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
$ k2 m }' q9 c9 |works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly$ v J, y5 g c+ i( E! w1 t
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
& ~6 V% X; a+ N8 y; f+ y7 @8 atranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s1 W- R6 q4 T& {$ _3 S% j: a
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,; k. \% p% I7 \, a T
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
/ L; A- U6 W( h$ Z2 L4 Sstandardization of the scientific terminology translation
o; u/ b! ?% K( V5 P$ S- rin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien7 e* a, z* O3 b; y, a# T
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
! L& T8 l. u. P1 A: nof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring; ]! y& B3 n# _* w6 J
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way% |% G, A+ X, P
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and* t. p: q& Y7 e9 X$ ~
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a' u4 e" D/ l- R% i6 R
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific% X8 f0 A P) |. R- N
terminology.3 l; j! j4 h8 B. T. B! f
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
+ [0 G6 q8 H& ?. C% U/ V' z4 CStandardization of terminology translation/ t2 S2 k! g; @' c7 `, p
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to7 C8 U* k/ u8 a2 V5 k4 D' }' ~
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
! j$ o9 P% g g2 O# x$ {China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available. f! |' s' \5 D+ O. a
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
% r3 y1 w2 P' KDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
% I' K' Y- d2 L* ^6 b. d/ F' |. L, L: V6 r* _' K I
9 D. n) T7 I+ N9 `6 V+ eINTRODUCTION
~# v7 o8 t4 e$ o9 cJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and+ D9 r1 D( P8 k) m# _
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).7 D+ E% k% p; f0 M i: C1 L
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to) c# b1 P$ z# q: F0 Q' |5 [
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
; K: d* G8 o% ^9 }St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
j9 N, ^) b, i% _; [by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
; U/ l& v4 f$ R4 z5 x4 Dan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on4 c* M' t6 j5 B( s3 s
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
2 e2 K* |' G( C) E' g1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
$ d' v' v) E0 L$ _9 e7 Y8 bworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,& f0 U7 `: W0 q, B
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.1 ~6 N7 L Z3 G5 H, {$ w* J
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
b! ` m& U9 N) R) Y) R" C4 kto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant" Y, A6 j4 h6 x9 z4 E' i
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,; ?0 t- a$ ?0 \. B8 g: {
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,5 L( T1 _5 S- S B& X0 T) a1 y e, [- Q
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
; k1 h! u) ]- `8 ~5 Gbooks that made him the most productive one among the% r0 V! B/ ~. x7 b y
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
: v) L8 A7 @- X! x$ F0 x4 Btranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
! m; P' C! T7 h, B8 G, l3 Unoble work which could help accelerate the process of
! \4 U2 V+ u! c" }( Bpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).; ~- n" P- t l. h4 _8 W
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
1 ^5 g/ [. q3 E! |& u' e0 @also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western' Q' c# y8 y. G p; m9 Y: x. Z
science and the standardization of translated scientific
2 X3 e& ^: k$ O6 pterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific8 R" b0 {6 O. y; a, C3 A
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
: s3 j* M$ e( X7 C% l% {6 o/ @establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
' g' h# Y% U- z' [- S3 e5 ncontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series# N& J" V. u8 m) j& a: p. D3 E7 D
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in" Y4 I4 D. G4 u& Q
Modern China.
# s, d5 y- M- f y& j% ^6 m! AAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published; w; a# \: a2 ^' s) d( D% i
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of) ^, N }/ s$ W$ W
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing# i6 M: W% s% T
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
6 s$ m2 H8 {& V! k8 eJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
) P7 `* T2 ?1 i: H% ]; {* LTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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