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! f2 X M( w# ]1 K4 j' w7 {http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106886 ]$ o# y: r: m0 J
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
) s7 d- ^1 j6 G- q. Z- D3 lYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of) j8 _2 t2 t4 {$ }8 ]; {
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
/ q6 C# X1 `' p7 i7 |) n
* q1 t+ E* H) q0 g: v9 k, vLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
+ h6 }' `' g9 Q7 a& H' JFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.- O6 h) P3 D( @' i, Q5 D/ k% w
8 l% ^$ K5 J; u* A: r8 xSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
0 X$ Q- t6 K$ fReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
9 r0 T1 \# j6 G$ m) f' oPublished online 26 January 2018
. v1 K4 w' B! n0 Q+ {# d* O) d! Y) I3 _7 Z5 Z% W9 G o
0 J, g9 F. E- t- X4 M& mAbstract
1 X; H* P0 b9 [# ~- e9 OJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
9 |1 }' X0 Y2 ]+ e) mDynasty who came to China and was employed by The2 F( P% F( w( e2 y' @. {
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been0 \1 n6 O, K; v/ v5 w4 d
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not' _6 i# z- y' g9 A
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific+ d' L3 o( a3 n: F) W) x* c/ f
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly8 ~, c& B- H' l( |
to the standardization of the scientific terminology- q, L# i- ]/ [$ Q
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
) N1 n! q3 [2 Nscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
+ v/ z/ A7 R2 mand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the8 W, b% T$ A: e+ c; L
standardization of the scientific terminology translation# v7 {! n2 w5 H5 S4 Z) d8 g
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
2 W- c" C8 r! H; w2 |2 q; Jhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
1 g) i1 M2 ^! L2 @7 }5 G' eof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring# T6 ], e" R- n) a+ q" r
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
I- ^6 z+ }: M; z) Afor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and+ o( ~4 k% z) I$ C; s
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a0 r; \0 c- i. J4 G. Q
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific. p/ Y: n0 V8 W8 c& v- I4 M8 v
terminology.# ?6 K! t2 k. {! `; \, _
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
5 z. T$ ]: z$ R1 \Standardization of terminology translation1 x/ F% P3 W, u5 g( j
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to7 Y! W. X7 x9 p$ v
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern$ v- J* [8 K) f1 N! Z0 K
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
# s! y0 w" M3 l) ?+ C; F$ h$ efrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213' ~' q- Z3 @& [, Y4 q( O% M
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION) D& [' n. X! I" C' \7 w
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
0 w& T5 f5 W* n% r- ga great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).3 {9 Y+ H/ M) B2 A9 L6 o
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to- n/ _! V! `% I7 r$ n
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of) p6 B# a# B( g* `2 v+ i! c
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
8 D* [7 f* N0 oby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as/ k) [3 o( V2 a9 \
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
. Q9 J+ T" o1 Vhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
, k, q9 o6 g2 |7 } o8 }1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
" [+ `" b" v z& t3 N& L2 D# l, Qworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
. k* ?! f+ C1 qFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.9 Z/ L/ y G% h
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated$ z' B2 ^; o; r5 j" ]# r
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant/ u8 Q& P7 |# }7 E
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,! |" H' B3 P! M( `1 u
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,) n) h* L% S, ^% i2 \9 {
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western6 x! f9 W! O; @7 _. T6 U
books that made him the most productive one among the
$ ~5 `3 @+ A% q- `! X/ Mforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,: q$ C( V6 g0 R) ~/ K1 R2 _- K
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a% h9 g( i( S: e: F6 y, b1 r
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
* s! M/ o: c0 a8 y% ]5 t2 vpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).6 I Y' Z% I! M! s3 u. i3 B
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer7 s) k7 Z8 Q/ m; \6 L F# o
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
3 n% z; L K7 Q2 O! n! `science and the standardization of translated scientific9 N& Q6 K2 K: L/ P
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific2 o7 L: w. A8 T0 ?5 w$ l
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the9 V" v, d% E1 O/ _
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
# ^$ g' F7 Y* Y/ W9 hcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series9 M( {" U+ j0 {/ J+ z3 V/ P) Z
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
/ B$ _4 b- z( N' T/ ? Z qModern China.
5 G' o; O1 Z% d. L2 W* b: u2 z6 KAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published. j5 u0 ]% M5 {- s* t2 ~0 ]2 O. q
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
% H$ u& b4 b: Y: a' _travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
1 z. r3 J$ E" A T7 ?a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In1 n! j) g! O4 L4 C z! Y4 _8 r
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and/ R5 m% A% f- \1 O: y, ^: F
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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