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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688: Z+ Z/ P S+ L
( G5 M1 m- g1 ~, Y6 o4 n( P2 y8 {John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China# @3 V6 j' {* M
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of5 V! F3 n2 h9 M
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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& M( b9 m! o) Y9 T3 P2 J2 ]! @7 BLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
3 y2 L) }+ C& b' I/ E* J7 G* i+ d6 eFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .( a+ Q @0 g6 W9 c
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018, H( `" Q+ o( ?' b
Published online 26 January 2018
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Abstract: q' n8 l% ]" P3 D
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing- e, S5 r' E2 a6 Q, d. R) d
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The E# u% j+ ^+ |6 j# g! h% j
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been0 Z$ D U7 @! X% r
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
! O Q+ g3 l( d4 I+ Ronly having translated a great deal of Western scientific
* o. Y+ ~, `- o0 ]$ jworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly0 m/ f6 ~" ]" Z
to the standardization of the scientific terminology1 a5 p( ^& b A" a: O
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s/ R* v% Y$ l' n" @1 ]2 D$ i
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
% i8 f+ E2 z) a8 k: A5 Dand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the0 i7 e/ [* @( E4 d+ g& Z
standardization of the scientific terminology translation; _# d- I, I3 f
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
7 O, h- G+ z& che established had helped greatly with the popularization
; ?4 t3 v- H* Mof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
) s3 n9 p6 a; t6 ?& qthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way8 @2 g0 z* q9 G/ Y, \% ~( i2 _: B
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
4 Q: J5 S$ T6 Qthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a" y& D0 o7 ]. g6 {( w
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific, h5 |( [5 S+ N% ]. E/ i7 q0 u
terminology.
+ g" n* y1 l, K; j D0 OKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
' M& T" u) H6 k0 a: O8 I/ [Standardization of terminology translation! n# x$ h; I! k, k! R
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to# _* ?4 B% j* y+ l
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern6 y! n/ r/ G6 k# |8 k
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available. B* h+ P/ {% H2 a( _! A
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
" O8 s' X) D% J* x; F1 M! j2 |DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213 m. A* n8 A E/ S6 U* O
, E3 ^+ i+ x: u T+ u
$ t! x& ]. Y" }INTRODUCTION
8 I$ q5 y8 l: E) u. Z; H8 ?8 l/ g- KJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and" h2 y; l% O6 n% G
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).5 I( L* T$ E. l, O/ g, x
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to0 j5 h$ H+ I+ H0 u* R+ q% d
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
, D3 v, s- C$ Q+ J% Z! }St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
( Q+ f6 o- q8 c3 uby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
. y+ A( t( N! y: uan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on0 |# p3 E9 N$ x
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-! o% R- f# o, T$ a3 n
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
) q! a; w* r* x& ^5 Q' H gworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
8 t) _- o8 f# A9 b2 J( aFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction. F Q, {; o' d
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
& m+ f0 J8 t& V+ C! t/ Oto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant$ i9 N2 v* s3 v5 C
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,* g/ _ u' C v) |5 T$ A
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,7 q6 M1 m- u& k6 _( S
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western/ o8 p; H" M3 |7 i; d
books that made him the most productive one among the/ K/ x2 t3 J- Z3 o$ S' V; i& Y
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,& q# Y/ h c9 r' a8 \# g
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
5 Z9 |. b9 @" W3 V2 Ynoble work which could help accelerate the process of
9 F( O. z0 t; S" \( E( X1 {people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).5 N. O6 T# j$ ?& f
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
: r9 ^) E; Y$ Salso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western' o. E# Q& @& S, p
science and the standardization of translated scientific6 }, t; b4 [0 n( g' z. \( F
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
5 Z$ Z! N; J @: F% Wmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the0 G' ~0 _9 k. d. k- ?1 l7 Y
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
+ n+ y4 T# N2 r( |" J: D" Kcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
/ G" _* h" h4 x6 ~" z- M( g" [of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in$ t" h8 Y$ |/ g, P' A( ?; f; a
Modern China.
# l w6 V! w# W; g' M- K4 bAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published' }0 b1 i% d# b$ p, e7 l2 Q5 }' V
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of% R! t5 ^9 b+ o, |$ T
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing1 O' n/ G* ^/ a2 d
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
2 T3 B4 }0 [- c8 `- C* ]4 P DJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
( {$ Y& ~7 u- s m( e) LTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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