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2 }* ^' A8 O. Ehttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
5 ~" R% l3 E8 dYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of1 @+ ?) Y; j7 b
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.$ U8 E& f' \8 t
5 G# t: s+ H) R9 k3 g) lLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
$ W( Q: H+ p2 A a- \- S& T7 \Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.& |2 h% \2 L' d
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .6 y3 q! y _- R! h
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018* q! F% M+ u; B9 |; a3 K6 P
Published online 26 January 20180 J' ^' x- E! j. |, Z% e
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Abstract
- p$ T" E0 V. F0 C% L; y4 ]John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
! Q x6 F2 M1 g8 Z1 K% s- MDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
- z) l- v% K0 ?+ WTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
' B* A" D9 r4 k/ y' uengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
: G* V+ F) k6 Konly having translated a great deal of Western scientific5 a+ L& e6 w# T- ~7 b
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
* v; L a1 y' V& x" a7 e% `to the standardization of the scientific terminology% Q- p4 J4 W* A+ ~" C% [( M1 c
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
6 U5 O9 ^( p' v! z5 d5 C2 Q2 Dscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,6 L* `/ y& R& H+ s( s n* |' } Y& l
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
) [: E& I5 [3 G& k; X6 Lstandardization of the scientific terminology translation# n' n! \9 U% M+ |
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
( f, Y1 S# p4 Y& yhe established had helped greatly with the popularization0 u+ d3 G. b5 ]0 Q
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring4 _/ T" f9 m. u, j2 h0 C
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way. K. l6 p% ~, }4 q( g9 g2 C% f' n
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and0 ]; n- l w; e
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a2 A w; T6 \9 i3 o! m7 p8 }- r
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific1 D( p3 `; k5 D u- ~, f! [9 Z
terminology.
2 B& X ?- J4 a) k, NKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;% w9 M7 {! N( h& i% ]& G1 }
Standardization of terminology translation
- o. @! }1 O/ ^8 p! b7 O/ x8 E! \; v' kYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to2 D3 \! m7 ` V$ N/ n- b
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
, I' J& O1 y* {- m3 ^% v0 FChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available% t5 L' @/ @+ _" s4 `. v4 l7 m
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102132 v6 p8 O! a) ] c! z% C Z: u! X$ l3 ^
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213; ]" I: X, w6 O! a
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INTRODUCTION
9 @# q' p* p9 s3 p3 ZJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and: v2 g- Z' Q* r9 ]
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
$ C! J4 b+ d: M. qDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
( @* z O8 Y# C- q) N1 V# ?+ K4 }Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
" s$ b* y2 R1 |St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
R, ]+ s, o/ O9 E2 r" [$ hby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
+ u2 G' M, t# q. van editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
! U' g# N' v$ I+ }2 Ghis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-, @) e1 O3 E3 n) n- d8 O6 N4 x
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific$ o+ {7 e/ S3 C: q& B! `
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,- H/ t" b2 T" L$ z6 @: u
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.+ m7 v, g- Q3 B$ [* ]
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated3 M0 { i0 @3 E/ n! l
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant+ J$ W, u, k& Z( ^ C! s
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
! L' m, |. e* ~- l' z3 a3 j7 n. u7 xrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,8 J$ e0 ^ R5 D3 ]" k& O, J
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western8 e7 g2 Q5 X4 b- Z2 j
books that made him the most productive one among the# c& Q1 w2 N$ K, l L2 ~9 t
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
% \" [7 t1 v+ a2 [) @$ rtranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a' _# g" b, G2 q+ ?
noble work which could help accelerate the process of! [, b; R# X5 B% n! H
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).8 X; O* S/ G, K) e1 K
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer# D! z6 B0 ~3 V3 s0 H" e
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
( E7 q& C4 z- ^! v- t9 tscience and the standardization of translated scientific
9 A* m7 W& M2 ?' |3 ^5 G0 eterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific0 ~' m' O* |4 H9 M3 R
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
7 _$ y4 ~' b- v ?% kestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another& t& D' ]& U* V1 s0 ~
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series# z2 G+ M0 i, U8 a
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in3 c5 `$ G; L- I1 S* m, S* m
Modern China.
: `, i" B! d$ ]" m/ @) o0 ~4 QAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published! p6 L# a- y: o9 h5 Z3 E$ B) u) z
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
/ k% X: p8 `9 ?travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing+ }; |( O. N2 h+ ?
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
* G w/ I" G G3 X& H! p- GJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and7 n; |2 A- E" j6 o) s, f: {! w0 w# e
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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