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5 }! n8 P8 u4 R z2 F. Mhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688. |3 Q6 o3 u8 Q* i# t
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
2 O+ u7 h$ W8 XYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of e4 g7 k: _2 B' `
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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0 i3 d3 e# R' HLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
; {" X5 a7 b" D0 f# nFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
g/ s& g; ]4 Q4 w9 a% T3 u1 B, C0 i' A. h# U9 m
Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .7 x8 e2 v# t$ T3 M/ K. E
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
5 _) |7 W3 N. B6 O9 y8 C) _; WPublished online 26 January 2018
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Abstract
. p: [7 j! j2 C4 X( g sJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
, R) w0 ]! |7 P4 RDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
0 U" Q5 Y2 |4 v5 o" M0 @Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been V. x6 x% l/ S4 G5 @: F
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not* j) h) ^# k, I# W! C
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific6 Z& D8 _, z# V i7 j* h" b4 Q% z
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly1 ]' h5 b1 `8 {0 r
to the standardization of the scientific terminology7 S. Y" A+ Z2 I$ \* O0 k# O' L' D
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
. t7 }6 c9 h9 Ascientific translation practice and his translation ideas,9 w7 C% Q9 J% ^
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the! ]) ?, J& `7 s9 N% a$ m
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
$ s$ n7 O9 i$ i% I: F( K Xin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
) }, B/ l; @, ]/ u. Che established had helped greatly with the popularization
9 Y4 U4 G, g9 B+ \$ eof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
* q( m7 R, f# |; X* rthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way3 S; t4 [; P6 B
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
7 i9 U; M$ L( q& wthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
" G5 s$ H5 U6 d' }% Dgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
7 ~) j$ c m+ ]3 _6 x! oterminology.
9 D& P- _3 c4 }7 ?6 d5 [Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
- u) S0 R# D6 _3 N! l: v7 eStandardization of terminology translation
; E. \ B/ E) V+ R' CYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
; d2 z- j" ]+ P. P& j; ^$ rStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
" G1 z w2 B% @. S' r# s, lChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
4 v6 ^ Z6 ~0 u( h2 Kfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213! [3 ?1 h. }7 S/ i# _- o0 u( \! |
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213! y) A; i, [) o" A* E; i) I
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/ _9 M& v0 V5 k' {4 i& a z1 ^INTRODUCTION( D8 z* r& p9 b
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
3 a. {8 f" z- [/ |: c7 p: Ya great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).* d3 }& r4 F# k F4 L+ ?# ^
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
9 r% t7 O8 K* P7 Z/ T$ [Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
4 I7 E6 R/ h; s& _/ rSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed) F6 [' @5 `: |3 z
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as5 E% }2 t( E( `0 y& J8 [
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
6 t2 }3 ~: e9 ^his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-' ?0 S1 @* Y6 Y
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific h2 e! a5 z+ g& T3 |: ]! [
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,5 \, l1 b2 m4 F5 | F v
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.% [9 {0 e) C8 K1 u
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated0 G5 C$ B9 t, M1 p. w& f# x; H
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant2 e+ P. o7 Y" a0 L& s, S9 _
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,: a* o* I* q6 U q; t' @8 ~
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
" a7 h5 a- N7 [& \$ cFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
5 Q5 N6 d% p5 ^& u; W1 M, E( xbooks that made him the most productive one among the0 w4 q, d% ~( J* K8 n
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,6 n- _' f& B4 R3 ]1 q- `
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a- U* h5 v, P" c i4 D6 r+ I
noble work which could help accelerate the process of) \8 k* d9 M/ O
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
. k+ y& _7 q( O; \" x' u7 x6 {In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer, v7 a% V# p; X0 c M
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
3 T) Z; B u- ?! H( Z$ Zscience and the standardization of translated scientific
5 r1 F6 U" ~1 b7 yterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
1 F) \4 Y$ D/ n C, ~, y3 mmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the8 G* B" C0 e- z$ N6 ]6 t0 L3 i
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another8 W v* [& J% a K3 J$ x% P
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series2 S( S# t6 J W! z* ~
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
( |: o, E3 o8 `# j6 h5 m1 [Modern China.% O7 V: {& q1 B+ U2 | X
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published( N+ {" S) {2 \) |
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of$ }, |9 I: m$ P9 |! K% I6 C$ v
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
2 N: n. x1 |: J y5 U5 |' da lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
" R# W% M2 L8 F5 ]& aJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and& d4 G' C H1 c
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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