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How to figure a home's fundamental value9 j6 Q3 R/ M* F$ p
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.5 b3 @* U5 v2 H6 Q4 E
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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Y3 R, H% d5 R5 M$ z1 z; _To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:6 v y9 A8 f |
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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' h+ H' N0 b& D& \San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
' P4 e( ^. G! h- i: N- v8 D" U2 F! VSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
! |8 q( O! r! g' z" xNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.6 I1 ^" c' n$ P% w6 S
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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! N+ w& [; H3 b9 DIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.# N. r7 j' F% v- Z; z, ], ~6 F
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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Boston 20.5 30.2 2 U8 T7 {7 `3 q
San Diego 22.8 29.7 ' S4 T; R( N3 C0 f' h: a% v4 a7 g
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 - R' I, {) J# a( x. D; n
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
( C& w6 H1 D+ f7 o4 CSeattle 20.4 25 4 d. D4 `7 Q) T: H" |
Denver 17.7 23.7 ' j5 y2 ?, s; X( c8 y( |
New York 21.2 22.5
2 F/ _$ H2 f: H! x% y9 c/ KChicago 17.2 20.8
3 ~6 s! @- ]( A7 [/ QWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 1 r% W4 D, x$ ]7 A0 @5 Z
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.- b0 F- S* Y' P1 U% C( l* `" x; W
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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