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How to figure a home's fundamental value$ X1 ?# F: w5 Z( m6 l
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued. Z$ [ }& Z4 S {; k; u" R- G: z
& d* Y: i! Q. J. @& t4 m! F DNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.! B4 T! X& e K" q
/ @* a' f' F7 j9 Q2 T7 e3 fTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.4 n) H: n- A$ S3 t; Q4 f2 _, o+ F
' s' j5 G4 a2 V/ X7 w" j$ u! {San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
/ s( c& _4 E3 uSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.4 q% Z+ M1 v$ i9 ~8 u
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.8 Z* V: I1 F U9 X2 j: b I2 b$ d U
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. / I. J2 b. e$ ?
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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( k7 N/ G* ^" T% D. ?. xIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.* h4 R, B/ E5 a
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Avg. 1988-2000 2001 # U, w6 W% l2 w0 W/ P6 z2 s$ ^
Boston 20.5 30.2 9 T7 K" U r, p! e2 U) `( ~- l
San Diego 22.8 29.7
7 y8 |: b r- F0 \+ kSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 ( I4 T P: R* \% W
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 2 ]2 L; X: P! x0 U6 A. `
Seattle 20.4 25
, ~% `$ I5 Q1 t1 a4 z- E7 {5 dDenver 17.7 23.7 9 T' W# W p2 g/ n
New York 21.2 22.5 + P4 e) [ @4 m6 L3 v# B; X) J
Chicago 17.2 20.8
- t2 X! b- j" M; UWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 : }3 M) J* M Q' p4 x! R
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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