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How to figure a home's fundamental value
* V) F7 P* {. QLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.4 D; A. P) h8 c3 Z7 R7 J0 C: L7 p$ H
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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: k. I2 U; j& H( U mTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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1 p1 a" p% w# I7 _+ K6 qIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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, q( @" t( d s0 y, kSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.3 W0 S# e3 F; Z% K. x
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
9 D1 Y* e; ]5 S& g9 c) Z7 QNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.4 {, J! Q0 O, }" Q# b
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. # O% l& Q. W; Z! G6 X
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.( b: a0 b' e2 O1 U( ?
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.& M. N( t' L, T" c' W- X
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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" s V! g# z7 o" E% |Boston 20.5 30.2 1 F& y" D* Z" V; r7 I& X! @
San Diego 22.8 29.7
4 M" u$ K7 n x) m) j6 h: \$ WSan Francisco 23.8 27.2
6 Z) a/ i. i4 J) L3 ALos Angeles 21.3 25.6 # x4 c6 s5 d/ D% {' j8 K L
Seattle 20.4 25 . O7 ^6 j- D, q5 _ p
Denver 17.7 23.7
L* `6 x: H6 KNew York 21.2 22.5 / L4 j7 S' O+ \3 Q) w/ Z
Chicago 17.2 20.8
]6 ~/ x6 q4 L& tWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 * ^, O- c8 U: I. d
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; q! K: t# ^7 T6 g3 X sIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.! {) c2 w# e& _1 t+ L6 i
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* A9 V/ S; o" gFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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