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How to figure a home's fundamental value
, b' c; j; @5 ~Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.8 S" y; O6 F: [( F& Q7 H
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.9 y5 S6 n8 n! ?, @
8 m/ m3 I: [ c+ nLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:3 V* A7 Q8 `1 H! V; G8 U
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.8 B. g9 s6 X1 o% o) S/ F6 T0 x; C
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.3 N5 h5 `$ w8 z- ~2 K& C9 D
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4., f- @/ U& B9 e# L% p* e9 J8 r
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.& d& o. N8 H6 r! }' T
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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5 o& K) ^# D' z; ?" TIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.# H! a5 E5 \ G7 g
: h; S% p* R2 E+ ~, N6 mIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 1 ?! B9 U$ O- |3 t
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 : Q# v) k7 W9 z6 l! b* P# h
Boston 20.5 30.2
6 F5 q! v+ s# z- V+ A' v) fSan Diego 22.8 29.7
2 _$ F9 Z2 c+ pSan Francisco 23.8 27.2
$ ~. U$ J h) w; {( }. W1 A' bLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
/ }0 J' m$ X+ z1 R% G, [# L. TSeattle 20.4 25 . r% N3 {+ e+ W3 \/ M* R( G
Denver 17.7 23.7 ( Q" }- Q0 h9 h/ c- G7 ` p, ?' c
New York 21.2 22.5
5 L/ a o+ u& y3 |Chicago 17.2 20.8
! g5 k. H. w% y- S9 Q* @ I5 VWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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% q* X, v( I. o) X/ h8 R. R! x% @It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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' K/ N4 z7 y6 L$ c. }From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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