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How to figure a home's fundamental value, @% K% r+ F6 J
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.# s! y; @" J9 N2 {9 ^5 o
+ h8 w; E; K5 {5 n9 ^7 |To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:7 @% B( S( F7 r0 Q1 j; M h C
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.4 v$ q; v. u! l! K6 E" R5 _- u
/ T* ^: x7 V$ b! |; KSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.& F( [+ {5 K. m% M
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.+ k3 z, {% T6 k1 A9 ] ?9 [0 l# z
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
b, A9 m E0 c' k( ?/ WYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming./ K" t' ~1 R+ L( A# F
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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' G/ H% A& f+ a* k) f Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas ( O1 E9 o2 d: |- c4 p: q: O
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
" k; ^( [! G8 x2 t* d& ?# }% ^' {Boston 20.5 30.2
) A2 _8 g0 w! W6 R- s! DSan Diego 22.8 29.7 6 s7 q. r4 ?- J& x: o0 a: m6 i: w* U
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 0 p4 O0 r) b- M! S' }
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
# l& q9 _1 q' e! C- v9 _Seattle 20.4 25
}5 `! h% ~% s T# o( D$ Q4 x( YDenver 17.7 23.7
% C/ D1 `1 X! i* b- s/ k7 pNew York 21.2 22.5 4 v; h4 f$ @! t8 Y
Chicago 17.2 20.8
1 g; p; R6 I( mWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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: a) X& J. B' H* q3 nIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.3 k3 T) ~& {4 A$ [, v
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, o% u% ?/ ]2 ?1 q$ t6 [/ N" zFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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