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谈英语俚语
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯- @) p% E) X; Y8 b2 z- y7 K
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。
7 ?% z+ m, Z, r! e1 ]! z z若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!: f2 j, x$ T& z3 n4 E
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(1) empty suit:
/ h8 n$ ]! z6 H. C: K [" E指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。
. ^: @" p3 P8 K(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)6 g; n! ^! a! o8 s
例如:
0 \6 L# h5 m: O2 k# p3 NAn empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.) D: c$ s! R% ^0 @
(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
` s. K9 f! W0 W" ]Mr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
: U1 M* c/ l1 r) {2 }8 T0 M(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)3 ?& O+ g7 i/ [0 T8 C
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
( F3 e7 z" {5 t) u4 K5 T7 _The company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
! h0 M+ M& ~- X% N) ^, }1 }0 T# o(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)
/ P7 H: y$ j" e5 D(2) fair-haired boy:* S% f# Y/ p; M" _
指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
7 C4 {5 s* F% h- I' E. L(通常用单数,当名词用)
' Y8 Q8 {0 M, o例如:# F) ?* w8 M6 t5 S1 j2 L/ G3 l
Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.( L* r8 N( i% ?/ A! P, Y
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)
" }- N& a# l7 N5 L5 s% t8 _Not being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
3 o8 F6 T6 i3 C(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)) q, y3 u* h, M: x! l! b$ n8 t0 B
有时也可用复数:, Z; Q' ?( K6 U+ v
Mr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.; c& ~% Q i9 O0 [. L4 O
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
9 c6 `8 R( @! ^. MFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.% X! `( D; q- y" S/ T" o
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
1 n. e+ l/ P+ [4 k7 j(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)/ x4 D: s3 s2 \
(3) fishing expedition:: k, v/ e' t8 ]2 f( O7 E
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)
$ A0 q4 c7 H/ s# Z; {(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)
) V) j3 q% \1 F$ U0 T6 w1 V" X例如:0 l5 b$ U* k' y: e4 l2 E# s/ a
The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.
- e- ? x! A j% O; _5 `(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)
# H" f+ r4 q* [The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.
9 L2 O2 M- M$ K, Q; Y(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)
/ {6 U+ s+ z; Q4 H! _0 O- x9 T(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
6 ^/ N) \8 |+ hThe reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.& q, ?7 u1 o7 h/ b
(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
T4 A3 Y+ O$ n* U7 C偶尔也有人用复数:+ h Z( t; D& o8 [" I' D6 l
Several fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.
$ u% [% c. ?- D G5 E" l(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)% J7 t& U7 T2 p/ g
(4) filthy rich:
7 y, m1 B/ A$ s3 e, S5 @意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)
$ Q m! q7 C& Z' z+ {(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)# ^: ~7 }& \# \5 M1 p1 Q
多半当形容词用。例如:
. K) w- A/ i0 YWith a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.# S$ \: O3 U" ^, d
( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)2 F) |" u1 |" Q0 X% U) H
Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.
1 J; U( k: j) N# V9 a) B(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)# Y+ O. p. `: G1 @
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
# J- @. _9 A, X# a(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
: [& s% e- ^1 \+ O8 @. ?5 UFilthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.
" h4 w- E+ k& [3 g: s9 S" I8 O( F* E6 [(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)
B5 `2 u+ d2 ]1 g6 Q(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
}5 R1 Y7 H8 n& s* k(5) fairy godmother:( v3 k5 k7 J' {( Q" l5 A0 ]
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance): I" } D$ j" V& X3 a6 d6 p$ P2 ~
(多半指有钱的女人)
3 ^( W$ G, A# Q6 M( Z(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:. k# d6 V" J( R6 }+ _
Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
. F* f! j6 G t4 J+ U(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
4 n9 \' d1 H& m. I: B# qAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
. X% p) f- `; Y6 [' @(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)
, w& A% @; l1 ]& C+ G" p有时也用复数:
2 a: v( E9 ~: m, p; LOnly business women can act as fairy godmothers.3 g: b, r' V5 V. f; q) }+ I! N
(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)' w! p" q+ W/ \) b7 ^8 d4 ^# i
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
& D/ |; K5 Q9 F! d0 d+ s7 S0 M8 E, z$ H(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)- X4 e+ b8 w, Z
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6)eye opener:
6 R, f/ l2 g$ B8 A! i& ~5 `* f指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
0 F7 ?$ H: K' L: C2 t3 f3 _(当名词用;通常只用单数)
- Q2 l' Q0 Z$ Q) {例如:- N* j4 i( ~( ]5 j, C, A0 C7 [
Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters." T% u; d9 z: R! G/ E7 X2 s
(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)1 t2 @; S$ U7 j) X. r
Mr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.
# y3 x! L: a/ c5 |: K(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)
/ Z& s' I" l( |; Z$ J1 p( AThe popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.9 s# h$ d6 Z: l$ g' l( A) `. H
(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)$ J( `" d- \6 C/ l% m
Some American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.- N" P1 X5 l, |$ {1 M# P8 P( q5 I. |
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
6 f* P, f1 P3 B S! A# Z(7) hot dog:( T. j# D$ C! w d% S8 j# R
指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)/ o# G4 Z- O5 \9 f( _
例如:
- Q& U" _$ k) t9 m. K6 v; i& I9 BSome young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time., i G# P; l3 [3 _
(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)* \& Y% d- i4 ~/ H" Q
(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)8 W5 z2 R% ~: s7 _2 m6 I
In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog./ A3 ?0 L* D8 A8 Z! Z) i& l# N q
(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)
& Y4 T+ `2 i$ L0 @: ]) D' i" T, n(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
' h0 c7 ]" c; V: WDuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.3 ^ w" ~' l/ r# C
(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
% ], s6 s8 e& X0 l! o$ Z也指真正的热狗食物:* {4 n3 Q2 s/ f/ z
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.& k5 I( x' K0 C, F
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)
1 P8 _! ~5 Q6 f& t9 J也可表达欣赏的心情:
3 s7 l' D* s$ h! ~Hot dog ! What great news for me.' D& J0 D) C- @3 U3 P
(真棒!对我来说是好消息。), @* Y8 c7 H5 ^
(8)eager beaver:" O5 k/ U; E \& ^7 W
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)( Z" n6 c: D4 g0 L% m: O; c7 S
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
+ E9 N( W5 f, b( C+ q1 j s6 W(当名词用,可指男女)! @5 {3 N3 g7 G0 [ q: {0 ]
例如:
- [4 ^) S" t; ^$ g: [John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.
( P7 H- x: }" k(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)3 p/ O" V7 U1 }# g" Q G
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.4 E: Q: n5 C8 R- E' c c
(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)
$ h. h g$ U/ G, v7 ?Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?* N2 Z$ S3 U$ U5 S% _
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
/ t9 P) F, R; c6 m4 b' ^, P8 t0 |You may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
* Q$ y; g/ L/ }) @(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)) [: T/ B2 t. k- B" @+ Z
(9)doubting Thomas:
( v' ]4 f/ {# l+ ~+ Q这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)9 j/ f6 z- N* n: I! H8 c
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)* D2 w! A6 P7 J$ G0 P: O+ J
(当名词用)
2 ~* N& {6 U4 a例如:' `' h; @* O7 y; O9 V. r
I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.
8 H$ p* j$ a" ~(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
5 G b* c" [$ z, uThere must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.
9 j2 r3 H( j* L/ J* ] k P2 x(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
) |) c; R6 P t$ M ^也可用复数:
& L, i. H7 O( ^% O6 Y% y% GMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.
7 U3 Y6 U& D ?! v X' R(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
# C4 P H+ v% j7 u8 F; ]- eIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.+ L6 O# U# E7 B- c
(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)/ e) T+ J* j. z
(10)dragon lady:( ^- E5 _4 a; Y! `7 L" I
指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
# l( J1 _& b7 k7 n例如:4 j" D0 t" L8 ~
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
! w" p2 a" O$ O(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。); z1 w8 F ~/ P1 v4 x
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.9 G1 q& j: G- A# B
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)
+ z) k6 ^9 t+ D o" EShould your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?
/ r# k# Y* J2 p0 p, Y(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)4 r& D: _( |7 i( ~3 M
也可用复数:
/ J; _' X& l% N0 d% [' ^/ G6 ]' y4 ZThere may be many dragon ladies in our community.
; D) V2 n+ d) J3 l(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)3 n$ V* g( M) E; o3 A1 W: R& @
注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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