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谈英语俚语
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯
: N7 t4 T O4 C* T% c, B% Q之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。& E) B' U9 h, N5 ~5 T& U9 z4 L A
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!, ~' t- D* H( j0 |' m9 G
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(1) empty suit:
6 u& {- O9 [. L( ^' ?: p5 K0 c指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。( r' u- _/ l2 G# R l
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)
8 h7 t2 e+ u+ P+ A7 g6 J例如:7 Q" }- Q H6 w% j6 {
An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.% m# r2 @- c" h* R- y2 A* Q
(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)$ v) _) L( M& N6 R3 Z
Mr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.' G `7 M4 @+ c2 b, Q
(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)
5 D7 c. p0 K R# W' l. I' U/ E虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
% y7 O: l9 l6 K* x) EThe company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
& ?, T6 z+ x$ t9 E! O- W7 ^(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)1 |7 e6 I( t* U& {2 z
(2) fair-haired boy:9 w/ w3 a: R2 P6 f
指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
" t$ l" C* u0 P8 ?(通常用单数,当名词用)1 Q6 D: B$ c6 H: j0 M: ?
例如:
! p7 v$ O2 Q! i8 v8 ^Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.
! B ~7 \ W. ]( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)
1 `+ m; G& `, b% J$ J' DNot being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
5 Y6 B2 ] y2 b2 i8 f* Y(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
" L" P8 T, U8 ?+ ]1 Z5 y有时也可用复数:
1 C/ w6 s5 ^2 ]- _, eMr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.8 ^1 z5 Z/ u' N7 k- }! ^& F
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
8 K6 ], N2 ^' e i9 wFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.- J; k8 ^& m, b# ^
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
& o- u% g* t( X" s(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)
) v( O: U! o( R5 T p* }(3) fishing expedition:
' ~3 J% N7 h- x" f/ y( D$ L3 P9 G为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)
: m# F% @) A C(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数), c+ V! H5 t: Z0 l+ T7 ^: A# M
例如:8 v) M) v5 V( Z8 Y. F
The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him./ v6 P d! @5 H4 s4 l# U! t+ Y2 Q; ~6 @
(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)6 ~/ X& K$ m5 Z0 T' o
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.7 Z. Z+ K. w$ z+ g
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)
, R% g" a9 W$ d, M. L+ F Z0 P. l; _(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
) _/ Z; f# y; s+ OThe reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
1 p; C7 T% F; v3 c& I* @, C(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。). q& h0 F5 U6 @2 e @" n; y9 n1 L
偶尔也有人用复数:
2 N" ~( h; D; z/ _1 k# LSeveral fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.
8 Y* `. \+ |- n9 p+ }: \/ m1 `5 Y \(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)" e* u$ W' t* Q
(4) filthy rich:3 N, P F9 p- P4 Y0 {3 e6 u8 d. X
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)
, ] z: j- y5 [* C/ d6 \& ^(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)* P$ }; G8 w. `" c
多半当形容词用。例如:; v& t' Q$ J, X
With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.) v" _1 v- Z Y/ z
( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。), Z- h7 X& i8 d9 A5 c# I
Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.$ l3 H' l+ G! J8 @
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)1 h! z3 A! J/ B3 p# C; Q c
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.5 G' U! l4 m- L2 |) P
(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
0 p! \/ ^7 ~- X$ q4 ZFilthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.0 y8 ~6 O0 o' F; z( s* `, d C
(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)% V" a% R2 @% ^" O |6 ?: U. P
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
9 K [8 P7 b6 o& `4 K* S- Z(5) fairy godmother:
! H4 h7 m( t+ L- K7 ~指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance) A, R, R( y2 ~, T
(多半指有钱的女人). N' j4 p+ @. c) l6 f3 R
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
6 D7 ^% J% T2 V0 |4 VMr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
0 x7 a6 M1 q8 }! f(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
! r8 v8 F w% z! D: R- AAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.6 G+ f; ? S( k6 e4 T' T- W8 r6 |
(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)3 B N! U' |6 J. {+ l/ t8 ^4 e
有时也用复数:2 N( q7 b" O" y# A
Only business women can act as fairy godmothers.
; G. u& ~; A6 p3 c8 J(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)
1 K4 q$ p O/ k" S- E- n1 y4 BIn Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
& F( ]2 Q5 T# x2 G$ A(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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6)eye opener:
! S" n! V3 l- Q; U2 _" d4 G指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
4 i6 E2 {( o. Z4 X% ^: N7 t(当名词用;通常只用单数)1 p" d/ {" r$ w1 l3 m; G, `( O X
例如:
9 u$ j% l; n; c0 v' DYour wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.; ~ h* x# g* O2 I7 H
(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
2 m! q/ T; u( A+ b8 _& ^2 f; }Mr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.
2 X. A6 l( P* o" w(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。). q- ^) A- e- O" ]: Q
The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
+ C. |/ s' |1 ~# T# _(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
" r( z3 p. ]. K/ x) m3 nSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.
5 ]2 I! p- X/ Y3 |1 L) I3 H- _7 x(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)4 `7 C: F0 I& x" h
(7) hot dog:
: l% m1 R3 K# r u9 m$ { x- e" g+ i指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)/ \$ n5 f5 l; W7 Y2 |' D' O% G
例如:
3 ]7 s1 e, G, LSome young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.' y3 h4 u& O$ [( k$ W$ E: q& V
(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)& K! K* ]' a7 D
(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
, V6 Y! j/ G/ [7 A7 w) i' Z CIn front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
' K; q. A7 H. `* H(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。) s4 N; V" y4 e5 O) _5 p
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
0 Y l8 M5 h, e# L9 [During the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.
) X. ?+ X4 B8 {(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)5 W, W( v& x3 E; ^ v' W, q. V
也指真正的热狗食物:/ ]6 I) c! A' o6 x5 B
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.2 i0 S* w7 ] S1 |1 o
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)
Y, d1 {6 |, D# j: @也可表达欣赏的心情:
- B8 [' |2 Y' k% g8 _- xHot dog ! What great news for me.& M+ [: [8 E( k2 F5 n
(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
8 S; S5 }% Y9 C2 P Z0 U(8)eager beaver:: R4 @% q8 S" p3 m" d
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)
5 c: P# i! A% g" B5 s(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
+ k: W& a# k; E6 L& H7 u# n(当名词用,可指男女)- _4 K) s0 r2 m6 ^2 G: L8 _
例如:; u) ^: I. ~! E! b: E( Y7 }
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.
8 L3 y: u7 E0 H) h$ {. u(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)
& h/ m5 L3 u. s8 YBeing an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.2 q3 o6 a$ x9 Q% a; M7 Z
(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)
6 I* s1 F$ q; Y: B& u) [Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?4 a5 m7 Y8 w G; R
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
) |. y' E) z! M7 _You may find some eager beavers in any organizations.6 e+ \6 b& T/ n+ Q9 C& K
(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)
3 X& e/ g* M% K: ], u |8 R& R(9)doubting Thomas:
7 b1 n8 Z8 W2 ^& l这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others): y$ ^, W" L! p5 z, ]
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)& s( _' i7 d: f' z- {
(当名词用)
- r: r% O1 z% R: g+ @* S% F例如:
2 I* [! L) Z! x3 T. z) A" q- JI am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.4 v) P$ f9 {# T N+ ^- p
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。); \" N+ j, g7 h" j* y
There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.! {% m/ ^; s1 m/ n/ s9 h. |9 V
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
$ D) I( t; ?! d也可用复数:, ^9 b2 Q7 ^) ~: q- C3 W
My friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.* E- l! W: w+ u! u
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
' D$ s- e* o5 G6 ?1 kIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
/ S: P9 |. ]% t2 c& `/ f) x3 D(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)3 q1 k5 i$ o$ n+ x9 B9 g3 Q
(10)dragon lady:
1 g+ L; T) D6 \指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
7 V3 C, X# p ?例如:6 ]3 U9 m1 {. T. R6 ?5 H
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.: ]) [2 A8 A( a% b* q
(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)* ^ f( G6 a- ~/ Y# B
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.
2 L- ]5 I8 k' \; U' ^8 T* W, r(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)
$ u+ ]( k7 F8 }$ P+ z, cShould your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?; A2 W7 Q3 ^0 H' f; @( i8 k! f
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
8 K0 Z5 L/ O, M' d' X# f也可用复数:
" p# d7 i! i! o c! eThere may be many dragon ladies in our community.* \8 `- s$ x% P( K, f: j! F
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)( u7 b! N7 `% Q+ n8 q% T
注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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