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: B5 }; G3 x2 W! s& l6 J3 k 这个全：
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9 ]5 \5 {+ z5 e# ~% R( DCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
5 c, ^* T* H. M6 w' H! JBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
' Z: O' F& w5 j7 N9 X2 q& qThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.- D0 B2 l: _* j: i$ @* ]
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.) [( X5 I' M/ ?; M) T9 E9 }
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced., |# ~% ] R& r8 \6 ~* P8 y3 f
The country codes used are :
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9 W& ^( E- V+ N/ h5 ZCODE \COUNTRY
7 p: B9 `; L" o$ ~4 n' I; K00-13 USA & Canada
p8 Z; H5 Q! g5 l2 f' D20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
2 Q$ ?+ v4 D& e( u2 h30-37 France
- _2 u- ?% S0 b9 v2 k7 @# v380 Bulgaria$ h5 \: Z8 E/ x: [4 h0 L
383 Slovenia
# Y% c: [' k: `% B385 Croatia7 m# f. o* U; C+ i1 r4 _7 c
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
2 M1 q* N( ~" k% f8 l7 b2 W400-440 Germany1 b0 F# v: [/ V! G) |$ m) I( x, ?
45 Japan# b4 j* n( o# c5 Y
46 Russian Federation
- }" z+ a3 V0 z7 q( k. {8 d) L- |9 d471 Taiwan0 |" S% @/ u; |6 T- K; g
474 Estonia
4 j; O# W) @% ^" b# M1 U475 Latvia u$ ?5 P) Q0 k% K: R2 y( V
476 Azerbaijan
$ ^/ `4 n# |8 {8 C477 Lithuania
; E6 s! c. H+ j# p( O478 Uzbekistan
) r* d3 \4 R' h; T479 Sri Lanka; Y* C5 G$ x6 D0 r* B3 P- m% \
480 Philippines
; i" j% ~6 ^" O5 l' B, p# _481 Belarus7 `! k8 f% d h; O
482 Ukraine
, `& ?: g$ N5 v, j* w# f484 Moldova7 v: t3 `8 `$ h6 y' G2 R
485 Armenia
' d% q! o6 V7 a& R. y- D+ u486 Georgia
3 p2 R! q( m; v% {/ f- S+ h! c487 Kazakhstan
( h, p3 j8 D* U' e8 I& }489 Hong Kong
: R8 A% K5 u3 @4 U! w8 l49 Japan2 r0 }+ D1 B! A; X2 J/ b
50 UK2 ^" P% a% @0 S9 b
520 Greece
4 D0 E0 C6 X, d8 M9 ~528 Lebanon
; T4 B; d& I8 F. r9 s h* }, }529 Cyprus
4 G" p! I6 o: U531 Macedonia* Q6 Q4 i1 O6 b- u2 b5 y9 v5 g" x
535 Malta3 Q. n' j- b( l- Q6 d- L
539 Ireland" z/ |; W& ]0 g* L
54 Belgium & Luxembourg$ ^" ]# H* ^6 Z$ A; O: \
560 Portugal" M" R* e. i! t! _" P
569 Iceland" L& e3 R/ {+ t( s) E, x
57 Denmark
" f2 p8 E8 \9 N; @, Z' |, g590 Poland- C' L) {/ a& o O C
594 Romania0 ^% m# U w7 @
599 Hungary
8 r' Z' o8 l" A6 `. N7 j8 h1 k% y600-601 South Africa
3 W& d( Q" k& O# u" s; L609 Mauritius& ^& S% K" N" p; G
611 Morocco
3 J" w$ ?# p1 x( [6 O: T j613 Algeria
8 c: B7 X" w" h4 J619 Tunisia* @3 i. U1 W. w+ e
621 Syria
4 q1 ]' t7 a: S' `622 Egypt- Y" j2 @- |! d% k8 v$ a' d
624 Libya7 q4 g v- _$ j% \* _3 l0 L* k
625 Jordan
7 q1 n0 w! C9 h) ^4 }9 I626 Iran/ H# B; g4 q( P0 k3 [, U# ^' o
627 Kuwait
, O/ y5 U5 }/ H0 L' p1 Z628 Saudi Arabia
9 ]3 g( _9 f& d p% F. z629 United Arab Emirates2 w- n. s: h1 q6 F! B) Z; J# k7 G
64 Finland
$ M9 V9 R" j$ h/ T0 E5 t$ X; |690-692 China
2 W' }! a3 v3 X* y. X70 Norway
4 g; Q' r5 g+ m4 K6 g729 Israel
7 R# H4 x. a9 w5 p. U73 Sweden
5 F3 v5 x) ^0 I7 {2 @2 h* I1 f+ U740 Guatemala8 g# d# _$ F1 N0 m6 W# H" r
741 El Salvador2 D, {6 m7 M8 p& L! [7 o
742 Honduras8 x# V* _# z4 B5 z8 n! T
743 Nicaragua/ V, R8 H' u1 B# \2 l8 f
744 Costa Rica) `! p6 [0 u) ^% d' z
745 Panama
' o" {$ T6 X5 s) Y) f746 Dominican Republic
6 g+ ?1 F7 m/ F5 x+ u8 Q. ^750 Mexico$ r5 ?. b- R$ j
759 Venezuela5 v# [6 K1 B( a7 P _( `4 c
76 Switzerland
6 `/ B; p$ ]' x( V( p% T+ b770 Colombia
( Q) H u3 K+ `% f! {773 Uruguay4 ~4 p+ w4 d5 B8 s5 u A: y% {6 d
775 Peru
7 w$ C7 J' K! `# x) K! T# s a777 Bolivia
$ d! I4 c7 N1 N+ g% T3 Z779 Argentina
9 q3 ^* K, h0 k: \+ O780 Chile
1 O7 u3 t. K2 W' ?784 Paraguay
# Y# `+ l; x9 E: a' T. N785 Peru
& V/ t, g y& Q/ L. O786 Ecuador
6 F, h8 P8 P; H/ h( Z789 Brazil% \5 {6 b: C7 }( T( H
80-83 Italy
5 U( i G9 A* q. _% K8 _84 Spain
) U5 ^( u2 x5 R850 Cuba
* H/ K/ `' n& n( Q, J& @, W7 F- N5 n858 Slovakia# J7 z9 z, l% q: c( ?) P+ `, K
859 Czech Republic
8 S3 B; r; ~) R/ I860 Serbia & Montenegro4 }3 p: m6 n0 [# F
869 Turkey ]6 q( v) V( }6 N" W9 q) {
87 Netherlands
) |& P' P5 Q3 d880 South Korea
8 _: a: h; n X% L885 Thailand
7 l0 y0 a+ d3 E1 j888 Singapore
. F+ @' A. v) Q6 R$ Q( ?- Q890 India
7 c, R% e, [6 y+ N893 Vietnam
. q* q9 }/ f, A) [$ ~' T$ ^899 Indonesia
P: [; z, L [9 H' {90 -91 Austria) [ b: G+ z: H' E
93 Australia
% z3 M5 g5 ~) U7 K94 New Zealand
$ K2 e" X6 d; K, K& }" _955 Malaysia
4 C" Q) j( o7 [/ o958 Macau/ M$ F/ x. m+ w) _- R( d
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
8 r6 y- C5 ?1 y978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number); u4 f- h' ] G8 u7 V
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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6 T* s/ A# L$ YMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm7 U6 s7 Y( M5 b" V+ P
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