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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 0 m3 u% r& U6 C3 T
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! D' v2 w) ~. H, GCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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, b& U7 q0 F/ l4 bBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.6 J; Y0 L2 z7 q# R. L M
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.# d2 |. i7 j- n% O" x9 Z. m
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.2 G, F: G. V' P: y E$ o. D
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.* @ c8 g9 e1 S9 a X! F2 a/ r
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.7 H& r7 b6 ^( L# `* O( L
The country codes used are :
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5 ~9 L- ?9 j# Q6 F3 zCODE \COUNTRY
9 j. P- q1 `0 V00-13 USA & Canada' R$ N8 X4 [9 a0 j2 h, J7 T$ \' T x
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
. i4 E* ?# e' r) k1 F2 f30-37 France( A2 e; c5 p; K) K' @
380 Bulgaria& C9 X! v4 Z8 F' T* O+ I1 b
383 Slovenia# K; P# b6 E6 Q/ w- A
385 Croatia
3 W7 A$ T; I8 r4 }: F" E- W387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
8 Y4 M) w8 R4 r: _- Z# E$ s400-440 Germany7 A! S' g S; b u% P$ C5 v
45 Japan& R$ ?$ T' D3 O8 r
46 Russian Federation
2 T2 }7 m- o, t# y; |471 Taiwan
& T6 e+ j0 _/ ~. ^7 x! j7 k474 Estonia- z0 Y% b8 @4 ]3 }% H7 H
475 Latvia
/ }5 Y/ O/ f$ _9 }8 @7 R476 Azerbaijan
6 h- i, O7 P0 Q s! E477 Lithuania- Y# o+ P: w# e1 h: _) p2 ]
478 Uzbekistan: v, n1 ~7 B4 Y- r
479 Sri Lanka
- A& m$ R3 Z+ ?' }9 Z$ ]; d480 Philippines
2 b7 ~: k! g' A2 t8 y% o/ n" _481 Belarus
& d+ ^0 E7 i. Y- D- `1 {482 Ukraine* E; J# q9 x! r( X" W- f3 V3 K# E
484 Moldova
5 E# D6 H9 t3 N- Q3 U: K& e) r485 Armenia# S# J+ y& T) b
486 Georgia
, l) m! A7 l& [; P1 }5 ^4 h487 Kazakhstan4 k! w$ s4 Y) M" N! C8 [* d2 s
489 Hong Kong4 A" m2 R' K) b1 I
49 Japan
/ E' R+ h$ v- e50 UK0 R. q! Z# B& U" T! j: a3 ]
520 Greece7 F( \1 {5 j* P/ z$ a: u
528 Lebanon! f8 C# N8 T% G
529 Cyprus
, b+ t2 a# `7 U9 m+ I& M$ {531 Macedonia, l3 l; a3 g+ j/ A( |. D8 i
535 Malta6 O5 Y) g6 i+ x& e, ~* M
539 Ireland+ P( o9 U" e0 y3 p
54 Belgium & Luxembourg
_9 ?& o& u" U2 r/ x- \( G560 Portugal
( ]& s: E6 I. A" t! ]7 l1 Y569 Iceland) o! p- k" T3 Y2 V# D u6 ]
57 Denmark# a' Q& c- s, |# M+ M( H, R! P! m
590 Poland
2 H7 l1 x! K# Y) l; I% I: |594 Romania' \, J; @; n* n6 ]: g
599 Hungary
" i7 P* P& i1 j0 f2 g8 M5 p3 k$ R600-601 South Africa
8 o/ S' Y6 ?( H609 Mauritius0 l# u8 G( L% e- e
611 Morocco
" ^! P. i% b1 p: y: Y/ B1 h613 Algeria7 I6 l( E6 C: P V
619 Tunisia4 K8 @: A3 w% j3 n; A" f
621 Syria7 `8 b H5 W# m8 S: F
622 Egypt6 A% M' `* P- `
624 Libya
8 R- c6 M; Z: D625 Jordan
# z5 `9 U P% ~7 t6 B! h& r626 Iran# n5 M7 I, y7 B* N( h! ?% J4 `# M c$ b
627 Kuwait8 W F7 I' R( Z0 H& e( Z- Q; C
628 Saudi Arabia
. r; @; _5 j- O0 L7 N629 United Arab Emirates1 J3 ^4 X$ m" i
64 Finland
& h+ H& g! c4 S7 c5 \% Y690-692 China
/ d1 J3 A/ r* U* V70 Norway
4 r6 i: p" l( \# O1 q729 Israel
4 J/ r- _ p, n6 s: Z) O73 Sweden
) z/ @' T- x: G8 [2 s740 Guatemala
4 x/ t5 c- T4 s! K+ ^7 b' Q741 El Salvador
2 G& m) n+ G3 }9 T742 Honduras
B- [8 |! p$ d# Y743 Nicaragua# N8 I/ t. ?8 d
744 Costa Rica
& m3 p5 _+ `% B& c0 r$ D745 Panama8 b7 Q7 |5 E# B
746 Dominican Republic) I. U& b$ _/ L0 J5 { q
750 Mexico4 F# {4 z5 V/ D2 P
759 Venezuela
' | I: Q1 c' {$ W7 T+ M) x3 r$ C76 Switzerland4 O4 |3 H9 Z& h
770 Colombia% R: ?* A/ B0 h
773 Uruguay
0 Y' |' e% [8 T! C6 Z: T# M775 Peru- | ~9 f# X4 b% u6 i
777 Bolivia
0 t9 }; w0 L/ p* y* u779 Argentina
4 K* s' o( M+ o+ p780 Chile+ {* L! i2 B! |' y
784 Paraguay
6 g9 T A( b- v' z$ ^3 E785 Peru. X- l5 E4 [; A6 L/ w
786 Ecuador4 q' E0 ]9 O) T: j7 x
789 Brazil% l( u2 B7 ^1 k7 M) O* I
80-83 Italy7 t! v( N" ]. z: z2 ^, |
84 Spain
5 s6 ]+ E" \: v* F850 Cuba
( H. K7 ^# g5 Y* _7 u3 w858 Slovakia
$ O7 E. p4 z' ^$ Q2 N! r859 Czech Republic% W3 B# L Z q
860 Serbia & Montenegro
, E$ Y! q9 X5 ?7 y: ~869 Turkey
. o8 d# R% ~+ E( v6 J- K- a1 v87 Netherlands
& i* D" b" M# G880 South Korea% l: m0 A8 @9 o0 m8 q3 J" b
885 Thailand
+ Z0 d Y9 l) |6 R" Y888 Singapore6 r, K. W+ ~& M) G
890 India
# g0 _. p# U, H893 Vietnam( P3 e0 F/ N; M
899 Indonesia
3 ~2 f3 |7 y o" k90 -91 Austria! L- q$ e1 l7 |' n }
93 Australia* E0 F0 S; P' Y: Q2 @' e
94 New Zealand
4 X8 ]* p$ i, p9 c$ H0 h955 Malaysia
8 O. o! A1 a6 C( f9 P, \( \958 Macau
' O: w: B! \: h- B+ ~1 U977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
: |& k+ [5 Q$ B. C: a% x3 A978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
" M) C' b% S6 }, ]+ l979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)7 _* o: z4 l0 B" f, D D O9 |& S( b
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm$ p0 S4 {9 M3 ^2 H& [, O2 m
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