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发表于 2014-4-2 22:36
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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 3 n8 a" R( \( J9 v! T- T
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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6 z7 H5 Q5 Q6 S# R {Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.- ~4 ^- C1 H5 X
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
% S8 d0 a% }1 V: p) ZThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
! M; {# n6 H0 U' iCurrently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.( V0 x+ ?' o0 g+ n
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
2 Y, v0 L$ q* c. Q4 B& L- f7 K! ?The country codes used are :
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% _( t7 |' v+ r) d0 Q" jCODE \COUNTRY5 D" |1 H# {% E$ W: s) [6 v
00-13 USA & Canada$ {* G- p, ]3 \: Z$ ]4 t
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
" ?8 G9 w2 O" b( L; b* _30-37 France
% |0 \. N/ |4 V7 u) ~, X: h380 Bulgaria5 @: O" x5 @( A2 `! O$ X( n- s
383 Slovenia
# m9 Z8 B" l4 c9 l385 Croatia* ]+ j9 z; Q( C) H( ]6 @$ d
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
/ P& f3 j- l" L! f6 t, ]' d7 ^% s400-440 Germany! x. b/ a$ ?- y/ g
45 Japan7 H7 W+ m* s; E7 V
46 Russian Federation3 L6 u, M/ r P
471 Taiwan
8 Z1 _' i+ I9 k1 K8 v474 Estonia
4 j/ Q: x' {# L5 p$ O9 R475 Latvia7 M6 Y; J" k" @3 J* t3 W: j' q# A
476 Azerbaijan
1 A6 J+ R. f" z" f5 \6 A2 {477 Lithuania
" U# `: | ~0 P- G1 r478 Uzbekistan
1 Z: k# j0 b$ o, ^7 C479 Sri Lanka$ [6 G4 d. z: f5 S& m, ?3 I
480 Philippines
+ b- v0 O" [: H! O' U8 x; |481 Belarus
- ]4 C, V8 Z) t+ r9 ?" E' Z/ b$ X' x482 Ukraine
4 m* h# Z! y# {4 b* r& i484 Moldova
2 W/ C- H9 H/ Z$ U k0 m* e485 Armenia0 o$ M' b; M" B" h/ X2 ]
486 Georgia! @! O. X0 ^8 M W
487 Kazakhstan
& G1 K, g: n! \/ K- A489 Hong Kong
; \$ i) G7 g5 V* i49 Japan
) d/ C% s6 u0 P |+ ^50 UK1 c c" p6 l9 `2 C: ]5 z
520 Greece& H/ i! o6 s P' B" o. r
528 Lebanon6 V. C; x" r% x! H; V6 ?# j
529 Cyprus
% w% B. E2 q% ?& H531 Macedonia: P4 I; \9 e @$ u( W" M8 F2 k
535 Malta
. V6 f$ W- G" v4 C( R: T539 Ireland1 u0 t) ^" ~+ P5 p8 X( a
54 Belgium & Luxembourg3 y* s* y7 Z9 C6 G
560 Portugal
- u0 U% J& V, Q3 F+ f* O% c8 @0 \0 ~569 Iceland0 E, a9 H+ ?, C
57 Denmark) \- y7 Z& C$ y) r. f; W: A4 f a
590 Poland
( G. `& G6 k6 y* a# c: C4 k594 Romania
* m# N3 ?4 U2 v1 B t0 P, h' m599 Hungary) y$ c$ h O$ s( ~$ o) ^) N9 T
600-601 South Africa
" W* ~* C, w& \' l' {609 Mauritius9 E; i' f, I. E; ~- B
611 Morocco
4 ^" c3 v0 e9 A6 I6 J" {613 Algeria
. X8 I1 s) C0 s6 {619 Tunisia
$ g( @5 H/ ~! m1 o621 Syria
3 x3 L3 X9 K2 Y+ ]6 A622 Egypt
F, J: }4 I, t) U+ r z9 R. _624 Libya
' }8 f Y+ o/ x! P" z8 q625 Jordan) D* [8 |# B4 d, Y) R) e4 m
626 Iran
; ]5 v0 `% y3 c6 z627 Kuwait/ J0 ]; n7 q8 a
628 Saudi Arabia
- I+ x" c* j( B7 `0 R& a( L629 United Arab Emirates8 E# W( Y# n4 ^& J% I+ |
64 Finland
~% b5 F5 R( c. Y- J690-692 China4 m3 Z6 R6 `7 ]/ m, z$ b3 E
70 Norway
( g- a8 ]6 l/ w8 }" @- l, B* d729 Israel( U* u* j; g% \' |" K5 W/ i- A0 n% b
73 Sweden
2 G1 D( Y* b& l/ L! X" I2 ]! o7 Q740 Guatemala) ^' j! s/ c( g6 b4 J
741 El Salvador6 E( W7 J- l% r) X2 Q; i
742 Honduras) r8 V( J8 ~6 J, C
743 Nicaragua
+ V# {: F6 U9 [1 w" ]744 Costa Rica
8 B! I* n& k* y' o745 Panama+ R x6 ]; P0 J0 M& s
746 Dominican Republic
# E* w6 F" w' V9 S7 Y5 e750 Mexico4 q/ o+ f$ k( r* \2 S
759 Venezuela/ R; j# ` |& _" E) z9 y
76 Switzerland* Q5 m6 @; t6 v R1 U x o
770 Colombia
8 L6 U0 B2 |, s( M773 Uruguay4 Q2 x5 I6 h$ V2 w) j
775 Peru
8 g! j" O- I- r) e. G" {! M& P777 Bolivia
6 n8 I! {% X7 R" Y- k2 }& v779 Argentina
1 u5 l+ _7 g, |6 e! I780 Chile
' }* d, s" k$ F. G, |1 m784 Paraguay* R' g/ i: c" Q% M! P
785 Peru- f% i; A& b0 M5 o, O
786 Ecuador& E8 n/ C- z ]! d! I& Z
789 Brazil; L# T9 \" v5 a, c- ]# O
80-83 Italy& D1 D, i$ s( L) W) v. o
84 Spain, c' h$ T8 `, |( Z6 C
850 Cuba, C# O2 j. }2 g4 `. O- \7 w
858 Slovakia
9 ]* l% n- U3 l9 w% |( [859 Czech Republic
4 [8 M1 F7 o: ]0 o! ^2 P860 Serbia & Montenegro% F' j4 o9 o. B6 \7 v* f& ?0 }
869 Turkey$ f/ c2 s6 e6 Q6 F" X
87 Netherlands
b! s: [, ^, I1 [1 V$ b880 South Korea0 A7 L) e7 o; f
885 Thailand: O/ k) N% i( X! e% ~& q6 `
888 Singapore
7 ]2 W' x# i0 m6 ~' }890 India
2 \/ E& j# j; d# d9 f893 Vietnam
% ?, N5 E( h# @899 Indonesia
' T& l- y/ x* w4 V' d% H# T+ w, ~90 -91 Austria3 O5 ~# T: B0 g' Q4 _6 i) X' E
93 Australia% u6 J# V# |1 `3 q
94 New Zealand) A h( H: v9 X) W
955 Malaysia
0 A$ \$ y( H2 i- y# U958 Macau6 e/ R/ { n& P, z n! n s1 X$ |
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)1 r% n" y6 p, ]; p. W1 U s" s# C
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number) w9 r" \! A4 y' l& N, F
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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