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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑 1 J' P0 x8 B% d+ _
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The Flap- K, M9 q/ e- ?

; B: X' ]0 C) Q/ N* IA flap occurs in three situations.+ \8 v) o& U; S8 J3 H
, H  K) s* K! |' K$ A
  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
' c, k- [5 h6 s- _      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.0 d) U+ |# a  K" z0 F2 D0 }
                                    & N! A, c( ^  T3 I
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
4 @1 R5 a3 ^4 f, ^# a# T                                     
6 \: P6 P4 Z! j& c$ }( F! O7 f' F$ c                  9 R8 }2 T# T2 I/ x" B& [  R9 ~9 F
  water becomes wader6 u8 k. U" c# _, q4 [( X3 s0 u/ ]
  Do you need some water?2 F& c! L$ \! R7 |7 Y4 V. m9 r5 }
                 $ I& b) p# b( c7 ?# p. y, F
  letter becomes ledder1 l; o- z1 `$ f
  The letter was in the mailbox.
, c9 ]5 q" ~% Z2 x+ q                 
- R+ H& A/ x0 G$ u  a5 b3 ^  bottle becomes boddle& d1 z# I2 P, d8 z; `
  The bottle broke when it hit the floor. " {  B3 a/ B1 E1 C
                 9 O2 L1 W5 \( u4 b9 ~5 O
  butter becomes budder3 b) V7 d- l+ _9 M  }
  The butter melted in the sun. 1 _4 d/ d& M- s" y+ b9 z
                                    
5 P. ?2 d0 S* \1 v3 q0 s" ?1 W# B. L  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is( i, a+ i; u0 j9 K3 G0 x, h/ C
      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth
# u0 S% h( O$ s: ^. ~3 v      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce$ J8 x+ Q; q! O* q% s  n; _
      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very+ H) I0 `3 h7 O0 i$ z- r& T
      quickly.    " w+ @0 }1 a9 J
                                    
3 x( o# |2 i* E' o3 ~6 N" @         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
4 {  Z( E; p! I0 \                                     
* f& }, X3 u) a                    medical        She is a medical student.
) Y! W0 q7 J$ l* e! v  n- Z5 F                    sediment             7 Z, Z, a( M/ v- u6 `4 I8 b& h
The sediment on the river bottom is course sand.
0 a% K9 ^; @3 P/ u0 Y2 f3 d/ z 1 i& v2 I' u8 {# @) `
                   cadence            : t: z+ r8 y- [8 L. x6 H
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.0 t- C# T3 a$ ~
1 d+ Q/ B7 z2 j5 A6 L% _2 ?
                   cider         This apple cider is great.  s4 H+ L8 }- j' C7 ^- C) G
                   spider        A spider has eight legs.
0 t; U8 g  I, s7 ~' a                                     
  D. k9 J# H  w  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the( n0 Q4 b0 H( n2 P' H# J
       next. (see section on linking)
# s! M7 ^2 ?4 o# {                   
' D, D5 I! c" I$ V% ~         Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.  U4 ^! U* E7 W' b
                  
/ o* h8 S: D& I3 N) O            'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way; R3 n; y4 m2 g# q/ }  C
          I'll get your bags right away sir.% f0 Z8 l+ g( F1 B# P/ n. K
& M* j9 g  t: p' X  |# {! ?
+ {+ v7 \/ f3 J5 Q3 J! t, f
                  & r( D7 V7 n& x) v* v
           'what if' becomes whad dif
. _: l9 _# ], B$ S          What if we go to Paris for vacation?
. r. J: J+ B' w* f1 s: i1 J* K. ?' B

7 `6 p4 T9 o& M                   
" m: w3 m- S" Y+ D6 I2 H- Y             'might I' becomes migh(d) di          ! z% ^2 N& N) ]
           Might I suggest a new tie?7 S$ B9 Q- F7 n3 r; W

/ y1 ]0 b: I' Z3 o6 `
1 j0 s# I' F3 |  N( c1 H& `                   3 j" Z- R9 g! D2 q
       
6 |  ~8 J/ ^! ]8 NNote: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to" T# T! y- P4 a. j; A3 G
          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop% o0 L4 T1 f, A% f5 |/ z

" ~+ r6 S1 ^3 I. ^: A' t& D2 bWhen a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.6 U6 M& ^0 z. b0 b: s

. A" ]) G2 y" X$ Z1 B1 ?5 q                            0 `( U" J; z( Y2 j% H! g
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.& y5 S) j2 I" r0 ?1 J& E. Z
                           
; a' p" X" W" R7 J+ m         ) U' q$ K9 M: J+ f! F4 ^7 o9 `
    'eaten' becomes ea'n  ( l! P# m/ V4 Z% V) }8 ~3 o
   Have you eaten yet?- {$ n3 s9 D' y" z9 E. t
          `+ m) F. e+ I0 @; S& O
    'satin' becomes sa'n  
3 s  `$ m) o% y% p. g% o  m   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.
- C# t5 J2 a) f& T! a. e        
- ?: ~0 ^: M) B  `* A    'sentence' becomes se'ence
8 k. x8 X; I9 [5 \3 h   This sentence makes no sense.) A+ q/ A0 F0 O* {
       
* g# z' \8 ]" {5 o( c' w( s6 u$ z    'mountian' becomes moun'n    6 y; L% M$ J; e# z1 @
   I'm not much of a mountain climber.
$ _' w! Z: J" }. s$ A, F9 V           ?$ @- g) e* N# W$ A
    'getting' become ge'n        & |1 ]+ j. A' M/ O
   I'm getting to old for this.0 a; s) G! n1 S! _) o- w7 X6 u
        - }  Y3 i% j& k1 p$ Q( G  B3 m, L
    'button' becomes but'n   
6 N& _2 g0 N% f0 }! ]' _   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't
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- W6 q) V! e* d8 F( o; a! OIn an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.9 p& P; @9 K; K3 `* W# ]# N' V4 a. A
                                             
- v) n  U0 R7 P" Z! H   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.: k, e- o6 Z) H, k& `
   Then the word is used in a sentence.
  l. o! H) I7 N- H* c* d                                              
7 s5 x; l! Z6 V0 i- `        
# O5 T/ c! ~- n7 U+ v/ e   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  $ J) _) g$ ^1 Q$ A
   We can swim in the lake.* h$ \  F, q; O+ C/ Z" F4 `/ r

( l3 p4 [0 x: p& F  [( r
, z; p7 }4 z5 k        
* L$ `7 l0 ]0 {7 g: l5 Z2 k2 v% @   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.( D7 f- u2 m0 ~% [+ q
   I can cook pizza.0 D! E5 E& m& L+ p: h* v

$ c) ^: ~( }& {3 i + W' b! Y( D3 g# x, c- y* d8 A
       
6 y$ Q6 d2 W, L- D0 h# ?% F. X8 D3 Q) _# u   'She can read' becomes she kn read  1 `  S( p4 k9 E+ x$ e# \
   She can read Italian and Russian.
! W' @5 ~6 A. v9 K6 S: [5 Y& P# T
8 g" @* g4 J4 [0 T, U/ p0 B ; ~, I* t/ P# h
       
! e" u% J" O' Z2 B+ S   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.
$ P) v9 S: p. H3 m1 |) a* r   They can ride on the roller coaster.
# w0 P( @2 i6 x& l) ]
  r  _4 L% e" C                                              
  D4 r; d/ m, g& i; IIn the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.  S" p  L+ g8 w, b3 l4 ~0 e
                                             ; {9 A* n( S9 K) r5 S0 a
   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main
1 H! D8 l/ K0 q0 F9 d/ A   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
! m/ e& X* r0 X* c7 C# s                                              
3 f, N3 X; s8 i$ X7 y/ b( Z. y         + R" V9 R5 s0 u: y; A+ U
  'We can't go' becomes " T2 \$ U; l/ y3 V( W
   We KAN' GO.  . S' P2 {  S+ K( Z6 [
8 T: S$ j5 h3 l6 |2 ?; w
We can go to the movies.
7 Y: ~  m( f  e6 V7 D( D" e# XWe can't go to the movies.
8 Y* \- T; R( c& u/ b
/ r9 |# ~; w9 R' ]3 T' A         $ W1 ]' K- x* E/ q6 t" C
  'Larry can't speak' becomes
& [5 Q  N8 K( v; W5 s6 i9 J( t   Larry KAN' SPEAK.0 w3 i" e  z/ c3 a: g

' m3 A# w$ }5 VLarry can speak French.& D9 {( ]- V4 V1 M9 `' m- P# E
Larry can't speak French.
# m! v+ t% e, @1 v" u : p& a0 M1 O# V- ^- ]9 H4 K
        . A! g, q9 [8 z; P" x2 q% s: |
  'She can't do it' becomes
6 B" L% b. r! e, ^+ \+ X7 }   She KAN' DO it   
8 A; I3 C$ F" F
# @0 C! e0 J/ v1 d/ fShe can do it.
2 P4 R8 c( i/ C( N2 oShe can't do it.
1 n. a: ?; c) _" V# r & u9 p7 C0 g7 V, X% z
        ; y' k) A; B/ O
  'Some people can't sing' becomes; t4 m6 g( E% U6 G% k* {
   Some people KAN' SING
9 u; E9 O+ v) y- l! ]4 dSome people can sing.% n% ?+ C* S! H
Some people can't sing.
7 D% X3 }% t8 ?' O3 g" v" K
! B+ Y1 f* Q) [  \! R                                              
5 B7 U! M+ ^  R8 H% I% pIf the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)
0 Y8 b0 ^( M2 Q3 q+ F                                              * u5 v! y5 Y# m  e6 k. }
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.: o+ h* G3 e, P8 b* k! a! n  j
   Then the word is used in a sentence.6 c4 {5 e/ R! A3 _  i3 e2 o
                                             0 S# l! [: M' f/ H6 g
        ! a" B4 r3 X7 |% O% M' @0 Z' E
   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)
+ O* b, T; h# W/ K5 P   We can't attend the concert./ f, ]$ a: o# P( C' c
       
; s- }$ G$ M  _& f3 |% s0 n   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)& g1 ]) n1 u5 a4 M7 J, j$ k
   Wally can't invite her to the party.
5 y/ t: f# x: S# E        
  F6 {3 k) N( k6 R$ ~0 y   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer): b  h" \* g" l/ z4 y
   He can't answer the question.
- e$ S# d$ \2 H7 p- F3 L
: `4 b5 R+ U3 k( ]' s        
$ D) n5 J' D" D, g3 H7 ]   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )
* k: v, f7 \# W! N+ Z9 r/ d3 _# Q. [   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions# Q8 L1 U" j9 U
: v( J+ Z8 P: N5 `) Z
Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)3 ^7 R0 e* |3 g; e' [  G7 ^1 Z
, W. ]' }5 {0 b+ Q+ Q. n
                  
) e) V& ]3 ?) C$ h" B) R     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound
8 q: R9 M( Z- @3 k+ F. a. O     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
! ?4 I% z5 u  ]                           
9 ?# |1 ^  Q+ {0 A) k+ K        
4 ]0 Z% P: L/ [: I" g4 J    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      
+ u/ G+ S, R2 [/ ^' K5 R0 y+ C   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?5 e/ {* q' B  {/ v0 _
       
* T' i/ B1 E3 e/ \0 j! X   3 G4 U- }5 B* `! Z

5 g# h8 |# s1 Z) O& i' ]         % {1 \0 E% k) g) S1 z: ^0 @2 U
    'couldn't' becomes couldn'
1 A7 R& E" N- D3 g' L, K: E    I couldn't do it because I was sick." {1 M) i: ~/ |, d! i: Z4 J& {
        5 G+ F, `0 E# c/ x
   
7 S1 n8 ~: O1 t8 L* X( T% M
5 D/ O% l& k( T7 d        
! X, Z9 L2 o$ d+ o& Z! o, G. u( {4 ?& Q    'shouldn't' becomes should'n          ; X7 ]" e( h6 j' l9 S, {7 G0 V
   He shouldn't have eaten the apple./ T- D; U4 k0 o, m, G
        " W7 b9 Z4 [: l2 t( b2 c
    8 }9 y0 V. V+ d$ @/ j1 }+ E6 Z

2 O9 P3 h" o, {" k- ]         $ c) }4 n8 o3 Z! O* Q( f4 V
    'doesn't' becomes doesn'
) j. B- T6 Y. k) Q1 C: t7 F. ?   Larry doesn't study hard enough.$ B4 H; S2 ?8 S4 {9 q; {4 L

. ~: g' L( n' O
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