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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! , I$ s" [7 q! K w5 K5 S
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一、厕所
* a6 b% ^# n5 Q( \ 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 - i8 q. y9 I8 C8 o5 B$ V
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二、解小便
3 Y6 q3 ^/ a' S 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
# N% l/ w3 C% ~2 V- y Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 9 M: E7 x" m' v3 t$ D" T, W, w
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医生或许也会问: " F" p0 f+ U% C
Do you have trouble urinating? / z! g8 G' d) p9 y: Q R
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) " O4 Y g! B8 I" B1 A7 g2 ~
/ g4 \2 e8 j& L 此外,还有其他的说法: 7 |! Z/ N1 X2 p" c
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: ) P! }3 u7 q. ~" V7 ]2 i
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. % I( [8 {- p- m H9 s+ L# i( b; R
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
' C5 r0 F- }! I6 d! ] * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ) F% t V+ X9 y% Q' C
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ; M" W$ ~( x$ E+ m6 H$ s
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 2 ~/ c5 i! q/ V- x* o* G
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 : d- x' D) u4 ]- z" ~% R
* @+ t" d \2 l5 i! h * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 4 {0 A3 ?6 e1 j; x$ t. O# g+ u( i
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
+ C# v+ V8 ]7 k! e* t * The boy needs to pee.
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4 ^" ^7 U; o' Q' ~+ S 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
8 q! P% j& E# i$ x) C1 A M6 T * Do I need a urine test?
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8 G: a, n6 U. r 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ) Z. y. U6 G9 H0 ?; b4 e" J
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ' Z, m5 I& }+ v- m3 M7 H0 J
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) ; h$ v4 P, r( }# m
0 N; Z2 m- u% f9 ^ 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 5 V w6 h! `' e% o! {* O
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 7 p: \$ p! }4 u9 D1 E2 Y1 T
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ! w# a4 x9 G# P: J1 C4 I
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) : x4 D8 X6 C4 k
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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4 X6 v7 I) |# |" l; N+ _8 D) K 三、解大便
4 v6 v7 Z( A1 C! l* O8 X 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: : {9 J9 x$ Q3 T
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) + O* p+ e; Y6 d; W! P7 F) K0 V6 |! _
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: ! y5 m% R2 ^0 E3 k- M
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
( K7 k% G; X7 A6 k% U * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
( J) h$ g/ A$ w/ t/ U% F p( V9 K * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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8 ?; ?/ T3 H; N1 J; w( a) j 四、放屁
4 W" S! E% Y, `- ?2 m 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
, W! K9 s) x5 d m+ ^$ j How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 9 s/ f& n% H4 W9 h6 u$ p
你放屁的次数很多吗?
& ~% n2 W9 J0 o" o8 A * Is the gas expelled by belching?
6 B2 ]2 e U. b' @; [, o* F 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
# [6 q' w9 M/ ~8 N/ N9 ` * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
- J* D1 N3 J: Y/ u B/ |: g 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
* o8 b# z# M* S% T; x * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. - i. v! D6 ?; ~0 t- }/ L7 W
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 4 n; H! x/ |8 {8 U! q4 \- r: z
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
7 o1 H& v% z# u) L 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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7 |; ~: v9 X/ C 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
0 p6 o- t ^2 D) F * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
8 O! ~# L3 ^- H3 u = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 2 }* q% x" H5 l! W
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
. \: _5 h6 j! `8 \: M# \$ T 胃不舒服有两星期了。) $ P! ?# c: y" F( T: R2 j5 Y$ s
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
% R9 j" z+ n/ r) U, K 他经常便秘。) 或 % C- J$ {# v$ O" H0 ^
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
' ~4 }% c& I6 \( d2 w * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
3 p# F2 J7 g4 e+ | * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. " c5 E0 d8 W6 |5 t8 f, f
他拉了一阵肚子。
' u, e. `. `$ X3 I9 @$ n * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
4 A4 `5 ?% J8 a! b& z 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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