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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! R" r" {- ?" o3 I. c4 z$ \
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一、厕所
1 F6 b6 ?; ^5 H7 X+ d 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 ! z+ {/ }% A$ M. D, L" W
5 `+ J7 L M3 [: ` Y# J; g( \ 二、解小便
% v) Q3 Z! b- s! \" z# n 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
! Q) p' B: s; S' x4 m4 r0 T+ E Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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6 b$ {" h8 i g5 ^2 Z" d w$ d 医生或许也会问: ! {5 M# X4 i5 ?" u& h, b
Do you have trouble urinating?
$ X6 q4 c4 U$ p5 L7 ]5 B! [4 w =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: 9 ~: X' k$ k( q _& ?$ l% e5 z
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
o' a' d- x3 {8 K * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. , W2 D. C5 b) E& N
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 7 p2 X: }' A5 W1 ^
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: % H1 _: v d7 A3 Y4 Z
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 9 O. e: A( `/ |( Z' t( p% N6 J; B
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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+ @. b) @+ X9 I6 A' Q * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
+ i; ^# E: ?6 Z4 X# h 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 % i7 L7 F' y+ `2 P
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
1 D3 n) z, L- ^- |( O 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 + L/ t1 i6 l7 L7 Z& c
* A7 z! X# i) | 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
9 E3 ?) g# v1 v$ { * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: . }0 a7 z7 ?) u
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
5 P1 f1 p" ~. k * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. / p1 N1 \" { `# J
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) % [7 r0 V' ~' U4 q1 A, k
% C) ~3 `/ M/ r 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
: n. |: }0 w7 P `7 j$ i * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
+ u9 O( V. f2 {& r* V3 j * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
2 | ~ k* H) U; `9 F2 v& N, d * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 9 O& R2 U! {; C( A3 Y+ L k2 f
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) ; C! h4 X& b$ l E
6 K6 {% x- {' E; O' Q4 `! t: v 三、解大便
, l. x! q K9 t+ S0 k 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
' b( Y- Z5 ]* J to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
r. x; K7 _& V, R/ k6 c1 I =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: ! O( E( Y- |* P5 i/ ~7 v5 W
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) % L7 G$ K9 ^3 O( K4 p+ A' F# Z
u6 P( l1 H; d; Y+ ]$ E! R 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: * y$ c! r" h9 V! r1 \8 `, h* n) y5 ]
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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$ Q r ]$ K f4 o 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
' s( }" [, H9 M- b* B * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
$ B1 I) K6 A; ~" b, d 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
+ [: I% \, `- ?/ `' a6 k' w+ e How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
: k9 L* I U$ Y+ m 你放屁的次数很多吗?
; f9 w/ U$ X( o0 h8 o * Is the gas expelled by belching?
) R7 p$ X2 ?- H" ^- j# r: G 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
: H! N( s ^+ ~) [ d G * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
3 j( ]6 j2 n) N s" l4 k 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
5 {& b1 S0 z8 |1 X, S( R2 ? * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
Q7 ^9 }) a& v6 m 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
$ u0 }+ Q3 s! D+ ~9 T3 _+ i$ s * Be careful not to fart in the public. " W/ q7 d; B0 Z) u: G3 H
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
7 \& w5 y1 o9 I+ G * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
- E2 Q9 j$ {! a = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
, t2 x7 P6 R) f- f 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ?6 S5 c3 B4 ]2 H$ z* q: g
" p* G0 m x' n& H# F3 T' g * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
" p z/ q' C; `: @ 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 6 C: ~- r! S" T
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) / K" o/ x2 _. e
他经常便秘。) 或
: g% l8 F+ M3 p9 y! W7 z * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
, |* k& I: l2 c1 [& u * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
2 c8 ^0 N1 B: Q * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 5 i( o& i( {/ L7 b1 a
他拉了一阵肚子。
9 U" u! G3 f0 ~1 Z1 X1 v; ] * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) * Y5 t. {& c P; I
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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