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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 5 Z* r' x- I b
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 1 n! v) R' D3 }: b5 j
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二、解小便 7 z, r+ c0 K+ C9 d% N4 ^
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: . s0 ~* y! }# `% u, e. k7 J S2 r
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? % L$ c( |+ H% i6 a
, M9 R! P; H4 a- M7 h 医生或许也会问: * o2 ]: e7 b6 D4 Q8 L, i. B
Do you have trouble urinating?
) f# N+ N z7 ~& H# N M, c =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) $ V( k3 E0 |/ t: j; J* K
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此外,还有其他的说法:
! |* T, [0 X% y3 ^! q* ~8 K/ _ to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: + W! r f; T8 x5 u, \! J
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. , G* C" W/ W2 [% f, @8 m1 ?- ~
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
+ k4 ^6 O& y5 R7 E * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 6 g9 K( ^# B$ m, U0 m) F
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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7 R& r$ |6 x# k. [3 G' P& c, E! H * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 8 ]6 U0 V. h2 F+ K k( F
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
+ s+ |: z% K: \4 W0 Y! H% e 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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# e6 X( E. [1 g7 b 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 1 f: |$ ~! Y6 t( G; X
* The boy needs to pee. & w J4 a& k5 Z$ l: f, m% t, a
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
0 Y1 _1 @9 A* I5 ]# P * Do I need a urine test?
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: t) G+ _' @& Z. @+ i+ {5 I" m4 ` 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 4 K' n# ^7 q$ U, N
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
, q. P/ f. `6 m * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) : H- }- v0 w; o* J
5 ^- m) n% d( @. k A1 c 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 9 P& X% O9 R4 b5 u( g: h2 `
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
1 j! T7 R6 {) }& `% i8 A4 ` * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ( D7 Y3 @) `: w, y5 C
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) ' M1 n) \6 H _- e! \4 M
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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- N8 k( F; u$ l; k" i4 l 三、解大便
0 z: a, E3 J" f9 l# E2 f0 P' |4 U 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: + N7 L" z- \' S* c" k5 [- r
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 0 ^+ J5 v [0 [4 t. m- \! a
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
1 Q; \# g1 H+ y6 A * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 8 p; C: V5 |9 h& ?' l- K$ ?( @
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
, S1 L6 G/ b) A& J! y * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 0 a- T' v, C- I, I) L3 G: z5 S! ~
4 X2 U' ?+ S( Y3 C& l/ v 四、放屁
9 G4 r8 t: c- k5 Q" u: y" Y H2 q+ I 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ! I8 X) T. O& i
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
- M8 G, A. ~$ h 你放屁的次数很多吗?
6 }/ F1 j' q6 F$ I7 G8 S * Is the gas expelled by belching?
3 T) h. B* A0 b% b( Q+ m 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
5 g' c0 O. j+ y2 ?4 l* h! d$ ^ * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
. g7 M1 W9 V# [$ v 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
7 i; L6 I' S$ S& Q * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. % `; \3 M+ E. H! E% b
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
/ j' b$ |2 p+ R% G& J * Be careful not to fart in the public. / D- X; |$ f- l `; B1 o: X
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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7 b$ x0 N- `' X; U; Z 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
% [2 W* v: C! h; o/ k: _ * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 6 o" Q+ k. h6 p1 I! ?* c" ~4 |
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
. Z0 _$ a( j: ~ 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
9 u' ~- c; ]9 ]1 \ 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
* a, ?" }# ?4 r * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
% C; N( \0 o3 T/ V9 Z$ g1 x: X4 m 他经常便秘。) 或 5 B1 L& L8 W6 W3 H& U
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
+ A1 ?) {: N; [& f( V * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
6 G, C" X: l; r4 U, t# g+ q * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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- s& U( G9 @& b7 L9 R * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
0 E/ N! D6 r0 ?! i/ d1 [ 他拉了一阵肚子。
. `: \/ n H3 M8 R. ? * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 2 j, a% m3 J& G
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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