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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 9 X# S; k6 ~) |8 u5 m
t2 Z0 k0 a3 E$ T2 i, j 一、厕所 0 Q u* |0 F( {' w" J2 c
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 + @/ G d5 I& F' t4 J: `! G0 Y
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二、解小便
8 ?$ ]1 A9 @& n: t* Z 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 2 ^6 X7 g+ U. F! t
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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0 m% y9 Q% c" @( F* K d 医生或许也会问:
% [3 ^4 a# N" w# f; q- h Do you have trouble urinating? ( N$ G% G: r/ R% Z/ q
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: ( J. _6 J1 G4 s$ ]/ T* X
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
5 d6 c" X! N# ~" }, B% r c: ] * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
) ], O6 x. k5 Q. g9 q$ R1 m * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 7 ]( g/ y+ z& i- x x' p% |9 C8 z
+ \. Q' c* n- R 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 7 } k2 Z9 f8 v R
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 6 m- r. M6 L6 _( k& W
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 2 S) e- a' g; V. Z; ?% v3 P K
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 7 I( B$ ~" ^2 M! H
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 8 ]8 b' j W, U6 }* s" |
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ' v0 L9 I6 I" A3 c
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
1 |+ }+ s# U! x! E * The boy needs to pee. , \3 v: x- ]4 ^
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: % p2 o5 Y6 j3 a r
* Do I need a urine test? 1 o5 S0 T- _0 _1 Y. \' y
( z# L. ] _0 i: U- Z2 r. r 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
. P8 l$ K) I' f% [8 j * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
! q7 q8 D9 D" _6 v5 x. i9 j * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 1 A6 X8 j/ j7 b3 q9 J1 G
" M0 l4 }4 l8 O5 g- x 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
4 ?7 {. X* M' V- W9 t * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 6 G) \4 b! U" S0 B; ]" M. t
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
/ C/ e' j: |' a0 R2 h * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) % S% \! K% j. w& S
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 8 f5 J) g* J) M
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三、解大便 5 w0 u2 e, {% D2 ^0 F( h+ D+ C
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
% {/ t# n0 |5 X$ L to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ) G1 d$ i% X% t$ J. l
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
1 Y# v, B) _; M- [. S# Z * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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: \* t& x3 E7 M0 q! l 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
0 I- K) O: j8 @1 O0 B/ T: l * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 4 _5 i9 Y+ Z4 `8 w9 G# f
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) ( N% `8 W8 O- c( Z
4 A. [0 ^9 k0 r5 D 四、放屁
; F- F4 F! r5 x; G* W1 V# T, \ 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 2 c& x3 P& j5 O4 g" ~) @; ~
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? : M, K$ e a1 [7 C9 E
你放屁的次数很多吗? / y* d) l2 N" o& D* U
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 1 ~. n# B [4 W5 W2 \
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) c" _5 o/ M S! U3 j, W7 o2 z
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
9 n5 Z% d/ w6 _0 K2 Y) X! d 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 2 w' E1 @3 z4 X5 ^ r9 `& f5 h7 \& b
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
/ m" e2 K0 z/ X7 T 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 7 K. O& R' Q1 e) {- y
* Be careful not to fart in the public. ' S- @- ]* k$ A" P2 ~4 H7 r! c2 H
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 I3 M/ X& r) n% N% O0 s
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
7 Y$ S' M) e x7 S, [2 i' X) v * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
- W1 a1 U/ b! I" @, Y = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
( r& g& y' `3 w# s5 p 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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+ A: h. |7 }+ y6 e * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 7 \) _; m9 j j& m/ F4 k: r" t
胃不舒服有两星期了。) * V+ Y$ s4 M4 Q f
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
. d% W' v+ B$ }' i, D s: k 他经常便秘。) 或 % [5 P) ]' Q& I0 Z/ `; D- M
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
. z1 G6 C( v7 e * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 # u+ A! B) X+ I, }7 u
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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! I9 H7 C+ w: ]4 r * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. ; i; V4 X* ^% K* I7 h4 C" F0 t& x3 ?
他拉了一阵肚子。
; F( F9 W/ e9 t$ ?# a, f: ?. Y * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
1 O/ W& ^! f5 ~5 F& _: d/ j 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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