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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! % ]+ }; c* m. R! \- g( s
& h7 R6 T3 ~9 }5 h# R9 ] v. h 一、厕所
& M8 I& E Q5 s& D 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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8 l/ B: H$ U! I 二、解小便 6 A. }! W6 \$ l6 u; q6 g+ ?
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
+ l# j2 b4 |- D& j4 R1 Z Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: / z/ z# T* O, v$ |
Do you have trouble urinating?
* N& K% ~: P7 A$ l =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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U2 n, a) @* y h$ o9 S+ p 此外,还有其他的说法:
0 i; l" W2 s- C! D+ v/ i to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
1 }, x) a% H6 N# b* c, u/ U * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
3 H7 r6 L. R) h/ j& Y# q * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ! p4 x S4 ]+ i! \! }
5 p, N# z. k9 l* E 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
, u3 I2 p9 l2 s1 Z7 z4 N * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
/ l4 X! g: Y# y | 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 $ L# J0 Z. ^) K, z9 n* [$ {
% |2 a7 l C( U3 a1 O+ @ * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 8 f+ S3 H/ [% \$ e' w! J& m
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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+ `$ c7 z; C/ u; |0 h( g7 o3 v! i0 Y * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
" S- v, v9 w, A$ F, g3 G 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 1 e, a y. Q! ?% l" X% i
6 W, b% y; x7 ^: t 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
8 ?! |2 N! t" u) ?' I9 c * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
- }& T& e+ d7 x( c' e R. } * Do I need a urine test? * `- F* r# U/ @/ o/ [5 N1 Z
/ L4 I- O Q7 y8 M# ] 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: * m' V8 R3 x0 g
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
* _4 }' e H+ ]$ n7 S * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) E; m& v7 V- y9 e9 ^- P4 ~ i
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 4 |$ a; h/ @1 ?, P1 r2 q+ t1 \& \
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
) Z- H S" V% |% @. s s) J/ i, q * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
. p& g5 ^" m, {" [& h( S6 M * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 7 O' K. T1 j' q- W0 D& D) b
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 3 n" l t- c( Z- U$ q
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 3 N: A/ ?0 G* W( _
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ; a! @/ @$ ?' ~% x
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
, O5 H& p( H' K( C, D * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 0 q! P9 R+ F) [9 O5 j o
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
, t4 W$ ]9 I. p f * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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" v2 R8 B d# m) F4 l! G9 C4 z; ^5 A 四、放屁 ! G& \/ M7 L) z* |$ L2 n" H
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
0 A9 P- X! A, b# r2 H7 g4 h; Y How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
# h9 v J8 T: @. F 你放屁的次数很多吗? ) S5 U- y3 O- @7 c$ W! i3 Y% S' g
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 7 `$ d5 {0 N/ @- }" b8 w7 n5 I
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) / e* [; N* J- G0 W- w
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
% Q/ v) |: c& Y3 k5 g# l 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 4 F8 m3 d' |* L: `/ @2 n( h
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
$ A4 ]1 a J: E7 `( _; u8 i; _ 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 2 m8 H+ W* P% `# ^( Y+ C
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
/ D" ?& U; x' I) h; g3 R 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 & V9 r8 }( e$ ?# F5 I8 J* b/ w5 H
7 x! F4 M0 p9 d: H 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 8 I$ g7 A6 Y- n! O! d$ s$ U7 {
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
5 ?* H7 r# u: O = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. + j1 h1 V4 U- p
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ; q6 \& Q8 M* H2 D
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
X0 S) v9 [' D4 W( z 胃不舒服有两星期了。) + J( ~0 O5 o" S) M4 X4 ]' k S
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
9 S" w% F0 b6 R) T" W 他经常便秘。) 或
+ Q c& s0 ?1 x8 I * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 $ p7 s# e0 p( }8 V5 @
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
# r- _ i! j/ S. e+ } * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
* J/ T0 M" M N3 \' q7 I: x 他拉了一阵肚子。 0 a4 F8 w9 ]' O
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
1 \( W+ S9 ~" Y! F k M- X8 X: y 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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