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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! ( A: b0 M- D5 a& X$ ^* ?
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一、厕所 $ Y1 T7 g% d, H/ F. E+ r% t/ d
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 4 S; [6 f4 G/ T
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 7 x+ F4 M; E: s* X
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? % `& C. W8 [7 X: V2 y% _3 }) }
6 Y, x. x# U! g, {5 {: u3 H 医生或许也会问: + H, s% M+ ?0 K4 P# E/ `
Do you have trouble urinating?
' U% N+ c" H- L+ {: R" |( o =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
* Q. j6 p4 V. F" g" i to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
$ V# O/ ^4 W7 N0 b+ z * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
/ J5 b' K2 p% D- C8 @0 ^ * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
3 R* R$ o; s7 V6 m * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. $ f7 O# ~' q0 P
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 + Y0 N% n* t) g1 |" V, [/ m
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. ' D" U) M" z! a7 D/ M m
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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) h/ P) [2 t( m2 V% x. Z * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ( E5 i0 `& Z/ W5 b, V
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 2 D8 [0 q; T* Z6 F( x
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
; n- s+ I+ |5 C* K' N * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: + l5 w/ d8 d m. q1 f
* Do I need a urine test?
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# u( G0 x3 b7 `1 H 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
: |$ [9 v; p$ A3 K2 X& I9 t * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 3 A' N A0 m3 T, l7 n
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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0 g1 u: w# B( m# |& X8 m3 B 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 9 T4 @$ A' U0 y, C/ z0 f
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
* h6 E# o$ @2 a/ e2 B. C * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
8 l# {- n C; I J+ V * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) " E: J, w( ~8 U4 L# w: G
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) ) u7 i1 K* w2 Q8 B- X) {) @: W7 `
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三、解大便 j2 k6 L$ a# y' @( D( {
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
2 ^: `8 E5 K" F9 p' ? to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
6 U& I/ E* s4 g' S% {. U1 j =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: : o0 N8 Z9 v" G/ b! ]% \7 n) \& P
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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4 T3 t" Y' X% H8 @: Y# J 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
W1 Q: z3 E# C! T6 E1 w1 w * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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; }. T9 B, ~2 ?# @; u) u 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
( i+ S& Z7 }+ d8 [" Q& Y * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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$ U9 F4 z1 ^; \ 四、放屁 $ u* ~5 n7 v5 F& x
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
R( g5 ~+ x t! o: e9 w1 f How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
) G+ W5 `7 K; E. r4 T0 ` 你放屁的次数很多吗? - q# y* K4 O% V4 R* h- }, P% w. N
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
$ \& g1 E7 h! @- {0 d# i5 x- c 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
+ `3 W, { C' @ * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
) T) G0 N. q* d9 @5 Q 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 3 d( Y5 J) p' j, y
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
$ _) u/ _' i' ~$ c4 V 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
0 b' q5 ]1 i; P& g% Y5 U * Be careful not to fart in the public. ! h* i. l9 o$ ]) j; C
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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* A1 j% p. z4 g1 h1 e% | 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: , |0 z* y7 T) Q3 e
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) D: D9 Z/ ]. ?7 e; D
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. + B7 ?; y4 L4 B! o8 E
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 8 x& h) x/ }& S9 n3 E
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
1 i/ ^2 w9 g! i 胃不舒服有两星期了。) + A& E n9 E2 o
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
! V1 S. i" I; i. z 他经常便秘。) 或
- P3 S b7 s3 z6 o3 D0 [4 R4 ` * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 2 f5 T" D% ?: y) r0 ]: L: G- o
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 & A* ], s: P3 b
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. . V! W n$ m) y7 W+ j8 w/ O d* U
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
3 p: e- W& t# Q1 H0 W' w" X 他拉了一阵肚子。
' O$ f7 g% [5 E( z3 x% T# p+ w, p4 X * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) . s, s& n6 k2 E1 Z
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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