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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 ! J! g3 n1 [" J9 J$ I) O$ }0 W
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 - @, b# v* C( d# v) X
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: " x9 c- r, V' B
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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. N, d' q6 p7 [! o; T8 e 医生或许也会问: - z7 K4 P5 c4 v
Do you have trouble urinating?
5 W3 P' q2 K% D =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
: ?) Q' I t0 _ p1 p& @ g to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: ) o( A6 q/ u2 g1 G
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
- [6 V- ^0 e: R0 {. u * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
2 J. i+ @( `3 i4 U7 ]7 ` * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 3 {. J9 S6 p* g( {& U
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 8 E/ E% V! m1 l7 F _+ @8 M# s
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. - W) ~3 R/ _: K. ^3 u0 b
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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# f% n8 r5 A$ P$ f0 Z( G- ` * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
1 W5 u- h% T1 u! S 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: % c: s) ?0 U* d0 p; h
* The boy needs to pee. ( N3 t4 ?# \/ r! U" D
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
: k, V- Q/ u+ h * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 7 _1 q( _! _, ~ i9 D
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
, m0 I; R+ I9 |( o' K" ?. h * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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' S$ j1 S# C, I- N 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: * y( X9 p' F2 }) \) d) x( D
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) + t2 U/ E+ T# |0 }$ ^9 b6 b# }$ H
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 3 I, R: P5 p% ]2 |$ X* ], y8 W/ T2 l
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) . A3 t# s% z+ V* Z+ M( V
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 3 C( `! L8 B$ ^7 _( C- K8 P
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 1 P9 B( d/ y& g+ r. H1 B
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) % S4 L; B. Z0 Q) ?0 ]- M
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: ! A% u5 C0 `( _( b
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 2 O, ? f2 O' z# Q# k- d# c
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 0 B. }; S [$ r% G$ C6 x
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
# X, ^4 J: }% a * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
- y2 a& r! [; Y$ A: {1 H( z 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ' \3 Y) F$ @/ i2 ]# s+ S. q
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 4 Q, U) s2 J. u3 f1 B6 \
你放屁的次数很多吗?
' ]5 G& ]) ^3 E& \ * Is the gas expelled by belching? / a& O( o F: {) }
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
- r- N& G$ h0 `: V# B9 p * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. " w' E5 V2 g7 t8 L! q8 w* P0 t6 X
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
/ K1 ]0 T5 H, O5 z2 Q" W' o * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
0 G7 I- o( B" C* F 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
4 `1 k4 X$ `9 \. j$ Q * Be careful not to fart in the public. 9 m% l0 ^& z% F" p5 _8 e; }" ?
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 6 w3 K; r/ O6 t5 [' O$ R; y; g
% H1 o8 I+ a1 I Q1 B7 Q 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
3 w5 T; }: r9 ]& d * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) ) ~5 o6 t! _" w5 A i2 c1 P9 _) T8 x
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. # C+ T2 E0 V0 ?2 }3 p8 ^
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. & P Y, x: }. D7 G6 R
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
) @; ~8 R+ L; [- C * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) $ j$ f: S- N, ^; `% v- z# V [
他经常便秘。) 或 - `9 u, g0 u9 i: k" q
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 5 i0 V- h, w( b9 s5 m& }
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 - z( J! A0 l6 E) Y6 i
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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4 E0 G! ]7 Z2 A0 ~# |0 | * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
+ V- F4 B0 V" X4 M6 M6 x$ S 他拉了一阵肚子。 7 N; `. J7 `2 k7 M
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) * R" } P3 B4 n/ Y
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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