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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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9 L% D8 a+ V& h) X6 w3 C( h% ~ 一、厕所
' s6 x2 O4 q3 ~1 q" v6 U 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 0 y, R3 z, _: o9 |5 v/ s @
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二、解小便
2 H+ h' h& n$ t( R% M. Y% X 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
+ w' Z% t0 H0 | Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 7 v9 s' q3 Q& H; G5 z$ S4 g) a
4 p0 U# M/ a5 ~* Y' m4 z+ R% w 医生或许也会问: ) x$ T2 r! R! b3 u. X
Do you have trouble urinating? # |' M# I# R5 v* p0 S) K1 D
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) # F# r- r6 Q% O" B& _& b
" q, g1 q5 `. X4 @0 x 此外,还有其他的说法:
( x7 r* Y* v1 E- z" A3 h to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
' k6 ?) D6 [/ i2 I9 q* T+ r1 x7 H, ` * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 7 w. g: `4 D. C/ _; e! O! o
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
: t- I4 q6 \/ F7 m/ ]' [1 A5 t8 | * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 0 i5 D8 [, k, o6 D* A# t
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ! O$ j) @- W0 Z6 \ c
9 i. j5 }- Y+ y) j( m( ` ^ * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
' {8 q% K# ^# u7 _) ?8 }. ` 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 7 s% o3 c9 @/ S. J7 m
; x1 ]/ g" K, k0 {" L * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. + l9 ?4 O7 R% C
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ! T" F+ q8 x/ ^
4 W4 R- I& F/ T4 U T# @4 _' w7 W 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: % Z ]. K( ^7 \; l
* The boy needs to pee. ! z1 q6 @# m+ a7 X$ Q8 g
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: & c& i, I' M& S/ c
* Do I need a urine test? $ n. j6 f% ^+ |
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
4 D6 T6 P7 L. a3 _# n9 o; c * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 8 L0 z# B( t9 u \/ X, |* t
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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/ k4 N+ ?& C$ [! F 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: : A( _0 y' R. Y$ R
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
! B7 |0 k/ M- w7 ~; o2 p L * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) / ?. Y5 \ R( m8 i3 V
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
) r, e% O. m0 C * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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4 y! t/ _! @8 g% v r* G 三、解大便
- _. k# n" U% W B- N* \ 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
, E- R5 v" F* U" F2 l to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
1 k% Y2 A" M& T6 S7 Q =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: , K" `' U, ]* A! R( t% G# z
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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. t, J8 m2 @9 Y1 S( ~7 N6 {$ c 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
x+ p3 S8 n h1 Z * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) * o! I6 ]. E6 s+ H( D2 g: i1 ^
* T ^3 i5 @ G 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 6 H. k3 x% V( \, R6 D' n2 G8 w
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) $ `% _ k7 D5 B( e9 Y! |3 G- @
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四、放屁
F: y7 x; ^2 o$ f" S 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 9 S7 v, B, b8 p3 _
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
) W+ @- B {9 B- q0 r) C 你放屁的次数很多吗? * U, O- F8 e" E; G* c: L
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 5 {. G# d6 X' X# L: h
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
! ], V2 J; x7 }$ f * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 2 L1 g4 R+ X# f1 t
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
, W, O! Q z7 F1 J* Z * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
$ G. J/ D0 \$ O) V% z) O" q8 g 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
7 K8 e* X/ P' v; C5 `; @. {* F, z0 V * Be careful not to fart in the public.
( V: o& N ~; i+ q, G5 a 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
$ e4 u' W9 T) E$ s * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
. Z( l7 i4 J. q+ g2 n! K3 V = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
. O' A' s f/ ^" ], ` 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) . K2 x7 \7 G7 D# {
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
0 S& y& q7 k, s: J, N) t, A 胃不舒服有两星期了。) , R6 Y- o- _4 A" _3 Y
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) , [- ?% `% I' ^8 Y. U
他经常便秘。) 或 " `" Y! t, B0 R$ B. m
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 8 ^% H5 X! V! J. G3 a! a( k8 E" L
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
3 j5 h1 ?) g# E4 P+ M& v8 y- i" @6 @ * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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3 v* P# o+ N: B3 n1 `4 }' H8 J * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 8 n+ O% I. s* d% h/ y5 x: n9 K) I
他拉了一阵肚子。 ' ]1 l6 o% w5 h$ x% J
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
8 U9 c2 p+ I# u$ R 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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