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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
2 S5 W, r* g( R+ v 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
1 ]- g s, \1 G* E 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: # w$ \+ b1 I- {6 W3 n8 V. D
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? " r/ L% }/ K% \$ i5 {
# u c2 ]4 W: a, `( F* ^; A 医生或许也会问: 5 W/ ] U' S, {# v, _; O
Do you have trouble urinating? / M0 A2 V1 t& d5 P
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
& F) s* ?: P% [, p9 ~; |4 u( u. U to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: : f" r3 ^" h* i7 R
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. ; T3 J, @+ a* E% E
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 0 o8 r+ R/ T/ t0 P
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: , @/ ^ N! S5 ?7 j! k2 @# t+ G3 ^- z
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. : T' _* _+ Q/ g P7 s4 u
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. {/ _5 P- w/ J9 w" H) U& Z
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 9 u; r; Y7 K* m& @; o
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. b' v1 P5 o/ Z6 Y/ D# U9 v
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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+ A8 r' G* X' b 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: + F' r0 l) M! \* f9 I( W5 Y
* The boy needs to pee. 7 b# p1 _ e. s9 [# q; Y
8 v# l# ^$ o& j# ?9 y 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: ) _ A. P$ \# c' I9 R7 r: ?
* Do I need a urine test? 9 G# z8 d3 n& y
% c7 J( t3 h7 i; k 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
7 F& c7 o5 ?0 g1 c5 N" h" h& A& n * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. % d9 A' S, {* {! u
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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$ z6 G* v Y. y5 Z* g! ~# o) ^1 Y: N7 A 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
1 @7 S- l8 P& O; W * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) , `3 Y6 T# ~8 ^' y3 C) p$ ~0 @4 F
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
$ O K( K2 a# |+ i" R; O * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) " |; y* O ^8 o& ?! X. _
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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# O y5 \% i- Z: V, d& r+ f! L8 ` 三、解大便 2 t- s% j( b( ?! s/ ]8 A
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
: b' j4 i5 q, x" K) L/ k to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ) e$ @9 Y9 S4 o; D
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: " [) j }/ h( e/ Y
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 5 w( E% ^4 i' n8 F/ e8 ?# e8 }+ e! m
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: + [% D" J# C5 D1 @4 H( P1 \
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
% m/ Q5 V) s3 b. ?1 b+ N * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) : r* w8 |5 a9 B* ]) x
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四、放屁
! ]7 L/ h0 {# B4 j$ E% y1 _ 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
5 C* j' j# K. ?0 O2 ? How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
) x# G% y( F4 Z! G- ~# R! [! D L 你放屁的次数很多吗? $ Y* V& r5 L+ ]) k5 ]0 o3 j/ a
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 3 D7 Z: c6 ]4 ^( W3 F: W4 z* B$ M3 l
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) * E1 y* H+ H8 x
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
) J3 Z# y; d! n# u7 v/ Q( O 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 " ^8 _ ~( D( r
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
6 x- ^! k( w e; u 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 $ h! ~5 H: o/ D6 s# M3 {
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
# p* N) ]5 H* Z# |% I 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 5 `7 c5 m% u4 w" u. j+ `. a
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
* ?) L" G' ], m3 Y9 x& p * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 6 j( K5 t y1 f# e. R6 l
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
8 G$ y; j, {# l; Q 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
7 U$ T4 W! \8 q t& k 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 7 Z2 ^% S: o: R. |0 O5 i
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) . E. s E, ?3 J- I8 }
他经常便秘。) 或
/ e- d/ J/ Q- i* s * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 - [# f3 p$ U: M& V( e
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
/ {9 m# V9 {9 j, \! F$ ~4 N3 A * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 1 }8 n8 ?2 g9 t4 r8 a: J/ L
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
7 I, v% l1 u+ T! \2 W 他拉了一阵肚子。 & D' X& Y S4 A. D! E$ A5 i2 r2 A
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) : e+ g0 `- y/ G4 O6 y
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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