从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
) W/ D2 n1 N# r2 Y7 y7 w8 f- u+ E, r4 A
/ w1 [* X6 F; s% n& r1 Q% Q8 a3 W& ?4 N$ ^A：I like apples.
' \( o9 J4 r, u1 i
1 X; Q% ^# h- QB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）

, M6 I; m7 }' E- e- ]1 \* I# R/ W　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
8 `% C/ a9 l0 D6 v  T
本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
5 H7 N9 [; R; |% [
2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
/ M% y  u* E. g3 _: u# K- B
% h( X: a! V% Q* K1 W又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
7 r6 O; i* A2 X8 i
第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)

第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

0 c% |. d1 u: k1 w; [' Z. @& @$ p3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　
" A4 U7 ]& f- X- h
4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

, o& K) ]% ], i7 p. u( Y, B如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
6 R4 n( C4 M% _& v( W1 x
1 G; r+ c4 o+ N7 N2 K/ Y---Nor it is!
. @; f) t( H# }% J3 S
This cup hasn't got a handle!

---Nor it has!

四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

: }- \9 Y8 a  FDerothy: Look it's raining!
' _/ W" T* G2 [4 L/ M* g# ], m+ ]
  @+ e, X/ ?1 l# I& j0 k2 u# FDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
5 b' i/ c, r/ z1 a9 A% a. R) g, y
Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
- H  a* s" W& o1 w! ]  a7 I* @
5 U. W+ ~% k1 U' A; W: Y  Q1 TDerothy: So we can.
0 A- R& Y0 O' m4 K) |- c
' e+ F, P3 Q: G; }; ?Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".

Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
5 b: H. j# ?* @) c
* `# ^& k  D# ?Denald: Yes, let's.

Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
8 s6 v/ i) h' M! F$ w) L0 P
: I( \9 G1 `& w- w( j1 oDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
* u! g: v: P/ s: J8 s+ M# F  L
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

$ s1 m* V# U9 m& f( U3 s4 A4 _0 bDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
3 i/ R2 q5 g- _$ o* J7 R5 Q
Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

3 V0 ]* m8 n# z0 UDorothy: It's the postman.

Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
) b3 `! g- R: P" I) ?3 `' X& b
Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

' l( {6 N' c6 \" J& PDorothy: Nor do I!
5 F; ^: Z5 e$ W
; P7 G+ I9 O9 y0 W/ [Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
/ T6 Y* U) t, T7 ]( o
Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

! ~7 a. u7 n7 ]( D0 x3 X  y  ]Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
/ F' K2 w% s; G( f% X2 ~! |
Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

7 x1 w! y6 q" Z" |# K( tDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

2 U8 C( a2 [9 C% Q5 A  t6 FDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
3 C9 C2 m+ `9 |( z# A( F
7 ^8 A& M. z- g' M  g. [; kDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
. M3 S) Z' v! G+ z- w
% U5 v, Q. p) }! K* r+ S: M2 YDorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.