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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197, f+ I0 L3 E/ ]/ {
. E: U. C6 b, p( c% j$ K2 p% d# u5 p) }22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer
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Science and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas! {. D- }- ^- S/ l" \* C, y" G
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A study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.
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The study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.$ E1 N3 E( P& [5 j8 z# A
) g7 g$ h8 L6 Q' I1 e: n w6 g0 y( XThe team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.
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The result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.
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The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.
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z8 y) e* i9 H( l8 cTheir means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.
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- Z# u7 w c" D6 X3 c0 d9 r& y0 |One of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.
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' ]3 K! z* C' B5 e. ^2 UAt its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another., i& W' ?2 m4 t/ |4 A
, `% `8 \( c( ~( E' r8 m9 G( E# g: G\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.
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5 T7 R/ O* D4 Y L7 z* G# b\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.; H0 R7 p- Q$ a
0 K! C& J% l! ^8 q$ m1 v! r\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"
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0 l" ]! B$ c8 \' ]& jDr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"
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The team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.9 M) }# i$ X V
2 m, H. J' o1 R2 I1 e0 F% bThey found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.
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2 k0 J# H+ {# w" pAnd in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.
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4 N, B$ ^" F* N% f! Q+ G( {. j4 ^However, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.
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\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.
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& Y2 ^# T+ \$ Y" h; _% F# eHowever, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\". 2 i. p& s8 p! L* ^ |
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\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.$ r' j! U1 Z7 I' I" ]. E) R
$ L. x. X/ p1 i\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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