 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
3 m5 f- E4 G8 I& ~- [Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
4 D; W M9 Q' K( \0 P- Fsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
) D) r5 t1 @* q' Zand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial$ C7 _7 J" `2 [* h$ Q; [
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of+ z2 v: P1 r" T- }# ^! P# Q0 Q
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
; `! H/ R3 h* g1 Y2 wA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
_, P6 [5 @- E: @[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]" L! [; E; w4 H7 S; n) o' m
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
( G0 U- n& S, b' H7 a% S5 i9 ?retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on3 e9 G+ q2 j$ Y: a. s% n
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
. Q2 k, j' G! N0 j- A: ~(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
! K" a$ K2 S' w4 asegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a2 y' W" ^9 `* V" C
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
1 N: W8 |) `8 G9 Uend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In, K7 R( @9 o* M% E0 L1 V
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,4 _# ~+ X5 \3 l+ ~8 p7 J- z; c) d
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
g7 ]- B# i5 H
8 y: z: F7 z, \; w(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch) L1 B9 O0 W% E4 L( K+ N
and American speakers of English, |
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