 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
- q" v; Q4 Z; F0 N- ~$ uInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
4 W/ C% W3 a8 f3 U9 L w ]syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
( M! ^) t# \ C$ `6 }7 G4 K1 Eand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial! r3 U* t) Q+ Q: ~7 m* a- G
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of& p* I+ q9 a- `1 G, l
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).# u' A8 F' N. N/ H) l
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=; y* p& S* G' {( W
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]8 G8 ~) P7 O6 ?0 j5 K5 o) f( t
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving- i6 v$ ]+ A7 O5 ?
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
: c- o/ w/ b' C2 f5 h0 qpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset Y0 @. T1 |; s6 P
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
8 v) `( c2 I1 m$ V: i" Psegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
- B4 s- }' j& j. X$ F3 ]semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
5 H& W& a& H- Q1 Mend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
; z1 n( x1 j, |/ v$ `. R+ dcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,7 C( B& e: S' O; F3 o
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
( s4 @. \9 _- w. d" E B8 ^; Q
9 l+ ^( v" ]- b* ?" q7 P(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
) c) Y# J+ k! a2 t3 g' kand American speakers of English, |
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