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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:. `, d; [) z7 j8 \4 S1 T
( W6 f/ ?* J) ?8 Y8 [9 T6 d( I1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》). [. M$ E* T3 X. |$ C9 L/ X
( k& ^2 y R# Y2 v$ k% R5 U. W- qWealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》) c/ Z- C; E* @! f7 d
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It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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1 M8 |. m" d/ d% a7 [Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)$ ?2 \1 e. }: @3 j8 g
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4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》)
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! q1 ^ J. q% P- ~& f" z% |3 m& L2 M( HShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译); Q# h- A/ L: O: P {) N) k x
$ P/ a" ?" c! D7 U, ^' ]5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)8 C |; ~( M7 p) @# X) m4 J1 a3 _
+ Z2 M5 ]& k: j& z. D+ `My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)
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6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
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1 ]2 A: r1 B) w& c( ] dBut I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)
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You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me
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! u* E' T# d( j) T; m) b9 T: Fsuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译), u# l2 |; J+ h, a- L, M
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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/ e3 E; b* o$ h3 M7 KMiss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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- Z% \# y' u" D3 ~ c+ Cwith you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译). f& N( E B3 p0 r" h9 O
' V3 W2 y2 m( P1 P" x! V1 K可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。
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然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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1 H" D6 ]5 ?+ c t# z' F* OYour talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.! a& V/ M% _* L' O( t% o2 B O" ^. K
. b- z0 H4 p7 M* c3 ^! M不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:. W# b' H9 ^ m2 W: x! X8 p$ f) L' c
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11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?
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q) B" I" U( G: g1 F0 R/ E- C3 GThis is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems7 ~* z0 k5 x% X" b0 ?7 ~: x
; J* k% ?2 v; {. U2 Sthat your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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