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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:& S" y. Q7 u5 y P& P' X
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1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)' y6 ~1 Q! ]& x
' ~$ c! H' C2 W0 h2 s, p a# x8 sWealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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2 f" u) L P, _2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》) ! e- ]& j6 C' Z/ ]5 J
" y) o; a' J* q$ t2 S" I$ FIt‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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0 y) V( T% }& }6 ?Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)" {! f, Y+ n6 _: c
5 m5 t* c$ n2 p" A# I1 \/ x4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) & j1 T$ n& q% O0 R% a( j0 R
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She lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)
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; Z+ q6 \9 P# j! S" g% E% f$ B) n5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)3 w! R- w% m' [3 M: V# H+ b& |* k
/ u7 T2 d6 o" J' `3 j7 yMy meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译) Y' k7 @; [ y; u$ D
% ^8 ?1 u2 n. T6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)6 i. q7 U3 D( ?% X, `
1 ~6 a8 j0 a z8 n Y7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)
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1 E0 {1 s, U2 h: _7 UYou are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me+ o, k( D9 K, O# ~; B9 M
" t" R" y8 W( |such blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)
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1 M5 o5 `5 G$ G8 r$ V5 \: J6 Q8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love% v8 e& X8 Q- P+ t/ s0 w$ N
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with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)& o2 D. }5 y. O0 [$ i
) A* W g6 o- Z9 F% e, h- C$ j可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。: B7 Q- @# N" ` ~# J+ T P1 \
$ p3 N, H! ]2 L$ L+ D$ y5 C4 v" }& g然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:; F/ g9 X3 c5 K. ~' ^7 s, X
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。5 O+ W9 H5 V3 e; z0 _- Y
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Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.( q8 P6 s) \0 Q# K
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不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:. S4 q) ?. P" Q) X5 v8 J; x
3 G3 h0 f& R( E5 c, N11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?
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This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems7 l. c4 I3 c p6 f3 s" w4 P# {
- o0 z( F7 j& B3 Mthat your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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