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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)% s! _" A2 @$ W! o& G9 d* R
2 T7 W$ g5 a8 a9 O* @Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)* S1 H) u6 {# t8 y/ o
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2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》) 8 v) h f1 F; n+ C
$ X3 x- X; t3 g, nIt‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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, B0 C7 L# `4 L" V% ?9 n* c. `3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)& @+ V+ ^& p: ?2 @0 [
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Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)
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6 i: `& i6 c# G% l5 q6 I4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》)
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4 d, y+ U5 Z* g/ [' H- zShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)
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; S1 z. g5 E+ a$ b2 B! j# P# \5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)
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. V2 `7 |) a- N+ r! JMy meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)
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6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)" M+ V: o! \% F6 y) z
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)9 l- @8 b: v; m9 o6 ]
, n2 n9 H5 `6 x. O1 T2 W$ `You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me8 K6 g7 A6 f6 v L5 J" l* a6 K
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such blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)+ h2 I9 t5 E4 N+ n1 e
6 g5 L3 C) W. C. N4 `8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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1 d$ ?+ p" _: t3 y: A) L2 R7 LMiss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love2 |# N. j. M5 J2 n5 a9 S$ }
- ^- R# @+ V) m1 w! D$ N8 h/ rwith you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)3 V2 z7 f: h- g8 Q
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。 E: i2 [5 I% p
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然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:$ j8 L2 V8 \2 L
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.1 i! H I: V! U% J
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不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:
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11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?
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This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems
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4 \" j' L5 H6 c: L3 y/ y5 gthat your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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