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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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q4 Y5 @: [% RProof:
/ F0 Z- Y; b5 Z8 o% o0 {0 iLet n >1 be an integer & m3 H8 s$ v# L+ N
Basis: (n=2)/ m( @6 w5 {- j) W7 ]
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3' o; H: R, n6 R5 t
0 E0 C- g) M5 g! `Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that) B0 z3 \2 l7 ?7 T4 ?
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3$ n; W+ H) ]$ M8 |% V
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
8 |7 N% e; ~1 q+ |, k! YThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
9 Q1 D# p& K. x4 R = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K; i+ ]( @0 X' L, M6 l
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)3 P. i( K7 g' Q, {- h7 ~# Z) d
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)" ?; T2 O9 ^& }9 p4 H8 c
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0+ ^8 q4 b9 f! |7 B$ X2 f( B5 B6 u# i
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
. M9 H3 {8 `6 e! H& {( p! s = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
- w9 x8 O) W5 R s# l = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 33 m& S0 M3 d, J& Q1 u
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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3 `) \0 d1 ~( k6 ], a9 \ V4 j# B[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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