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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)6 A7 s) Q$ i8 _- a1 A/ I* M
. [; P |* V1 Z) fProof: / ?7 o7 P6 A/ b: y3 m( a' [
Let n >1 be an integer ; F" @# s# k# S2 U" `! I' a
Basis: (n=2)
/ o: T! X0 O* P2 E 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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6 c4 n3 G8 K7 z- v$ EInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
3 l7 w2 D5 C, d K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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9 L6 E0 D' W% m/ B+ QNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3* P4 I8 W4 s9 \ w6 h
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
% Y4 g! i- S& m) G1 qThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)6 Q. W3 w4 A" L p9 d
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
5 y8 a+ s% R6 _0 G7 `* B = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)7 W. }1 A/ A6 b% f* g
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K): V0 C! j" B* R2 T/ m
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0 ^ }9 e: i. f% \+ i/ M1 y
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)7 I; J; X) X2 I0 W1 s4 H
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)0 ]( z3 x* M* ^& ]2 f
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3% Q* s/ k5 Y4 [: Z
+ H7 V9 e& W8 C8 H. K+ xConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.3 q/ A9 s. y, G+ `. Z6 g
g6 _6 d! O* C# e( ]" s4 y0 m
[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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