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; Z E4 p/ E( t4 d `; Khttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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$ O5 s, p1 H b- h3 h. aJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
1 @9 @4 T* r8 x' f+ K. ]YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
' v7 H8 X% u6 N9 EFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China., v [- A( i5 D' F0 @1 ?! |+ Z1 F6 e
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
/ z. u3 B' q) u1 {, ]Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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8 f, u( I- r9 O0 O' J# |Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
% {. B3 b h' q5 b3 r* {3 O$ JReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20188 r4 p! [$ N# ]9 o2 y
Published online 26 January 2018
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Abstract8 S5 o9 D0 X9 _3 y, h* \' B
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
" b8 k3 o& t3 q% R2 X, rDynasty who came to China and was employed by The+ g1 d6 Q% D# h% c8 }( ~
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
* H, g+ d2 o# n7 t7 o. Z, [engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not2 d+ [- b) c% q/ n r [
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
. p' c* n3 H" g) [4 h8 \/ E5 W5 g+ ^works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly5 {% D f, \! _2 j. j* d8 D
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
! O: J- x/ p! Itranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
3 q. n( n! i" }& n4 Pscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,6 V6 F" w) [$ W& f
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
) {0 @% I; P: d. g: E( lstandardization of the scientific terminology translation
+ z1 p& A: V" K6 k; v5 uin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien3 t( P7 C" n; Y4 [+ n7 V$ W# {, I; {
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
+ k2 T* T) H$ c+ {; ~5 S3 Zof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring: }4 q: h7 |' T0 a
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
. u) F# d# u; e) Gfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
- O# }! b2 [/ d, I# f2 o6 mthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a. Q3 A; N+ S( u5 A
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
9 g( K' @% ]7 _3 @& v' A% p( bterminology.
, {+ r8 y* G1 zKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
$ J# i7 e2 u" s! HStandardization of terminology translation) J1 [5 m* \- `; Q
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to' @* T/ L. p2 U7 H
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern5 O0 k0 i" d+ m( Y
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available# s3 q5 S0 w2 L7 k
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102136 Q" G7 r7 A! |- ^6 J4 p; e0 u
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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) K' |0 \" d3 ~7 {' [INTRODUCTION: m: i% a* b; E8 `+ E0 ?
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and& }; g1 }8 F! u( x8 H
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
2 V2 B- y. u- w! _' Z- O) nDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
Z* ?3 u# Z! M6 jHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
1 o8 s$ C" T4 p, m, YSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
+ R* @- n; O' Z! G5 gby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as( n9 Q! u/ f. t; a
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on% ^+ x, |5 [6 {8 [+ M0 T
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-( i/ {# z3 g' J) \, O
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
4 u2 c5 {6 w: [* y% \works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
# O& x _8 \8 ^1 Y7 J0 \* LFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.4 }' C: t& ?5 s& ]. H( e& `* o
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated6 p' [0 K! ?, A$ m$ M. {5 I' k$ I
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant- {+ |! G4 m P9 }- S" E& i, E
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,/ s; j3 [3 T4 i! e. T: {/ P
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,! C/ V& e R y% V9 F% w0 i5 F( {+ k
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western& S) `# a/ I7 h6 e
books that made him the most productive one among the
) a# U4 I( G. N& W/ ]/ Pforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,; ? M" Q4 X& h4 }
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
/ i+ p, M) m; E# i4 hnoble work which could help accelerate the process of
2 W8 |7 p% H0 z( Tpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).4 C4 a# e8 Z5 y9 G6 R' p* a
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer2 E& D* B4 y. s2 z$ d" I+ J
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western( {+ `+ Y- t0 R, T5 A
science and the standardization of translated scientific6 b- v2 m( O* R, ]# i& e) U. N
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific7 L7 y& A$ q1 G$ u! K
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
k/ d T- g# y' I3 y# X9 Cestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
/ Z+ I0 x3 X4 Econtribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series$ q/ d4 B; D" j1 G2 O
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
* d$ @* B8 G0 Q3 D, KModern China.
6 g! u7 Y W3 w1 X" {. NAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published u4 f0 Q8 c# x( r! x) z/ Q E( n
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
8 ~" h Z: ~+ M: Ttravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing) j+ q) I( b# r$ Y- n
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
2 A0 F) k/ R1 L1 nJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
3 U- ?0 l/ j4 N, v }Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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