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How to figure a home's fundamental value
1 a, W. ]4 @* _Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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( }5 K2 r( C" u9 I! s. WNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.% j& ]2 {3 q% V8 Z* F3 B. V
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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2 E3 l" c2 K; f( {- PTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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- o8 v* l5 \6 ~$ J3 ]4 S. {& JIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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) g' [, G% [6 `1 F2 d! T0 f6 uSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.% f$ k, Z* |' n3 y* S3 E4 r$ r& x
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
3 a# q, _; W5 S. GNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.) }1 b- q6 @9 M0 u1 _1 c- B
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. & |; y+ k Y, M3 q) T* d+ e3 @
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.. h6 h, {/ n5 x2 _1 e& T' H
+ c1 M7 @1 D, @2 ZIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.9 a2 p5 [* l/ g9 k6 ~) \4 J
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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+ k7 u0 W$ U$ P* N* ]2 OBoston 20.5 30.2 * n+ I! H1 F o/ X
San Diego 22.8 29.7 - \ }! Y* j |: B; H& q+ z1 h
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
- w% R0 R$ T. u% ]7 h" a& YLos Angeles 21.3 25.6 " m" |' v+ l) x$ J( O- g1 t
Seattle 20.4 25 5 G9 |$ ?* N, T' q3 \
Denver 17.7 23.7
; O7 s1 M, t" d% R4 uNew York 21.2 22.5
0 e' e$ P$ x, o2 ~Chicago 17.2 20.8
. {/ y+ ?0 e2 n3 t/ A9 W& z7 S, sWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 ) y ]3 ^# C1 ]/ ~1 w
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.( I5 n* E2 W7 V8 Z7 w( ]7 q% }9 I
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: f: C" x# v7 nFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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