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How to figure a home's fundamental value
0 v9 p7 ^' f1 H! f. [Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued./ l, i6 V( j( a x9 r5 x+ K4 o
; H8 f* Z- D$ S& L' PNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.0 G8 e5 f3 q/ L( Y+ e2 m5 e
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.- b& e0 H( n+ b9 t- s0 U# E1 \$ P
! e3 I I- ?3 k: H2 i$ nTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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+ C( @, X0 W8 ~$ P+ ]3 N/ T& p* R6 |2 xIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.4 W0 k1 H8 Z. m4 C; P; z7 ^
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
6 w* @9 N* `8 t, i S0 ?0 TSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
: V, x4 D* f# S" B6 oNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
! b& E1 y/ O+ VYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. ( {, j# g5 D+ E- R
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.. ?. \3 Y4 Y1 r
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.: H2 v! p% G% r& }& A
0 [1 J' T3 \7 l$ G/ _& q' P Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 7 J: }, V* u, Y1 N5 h5 U7 M+ C' _
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 ; ^2 x( @) h* L: i! u) T) B7 z+ C" Q: c
Boston 20.5 30.2 ) ~) o" {& U: j* W* w
San Diego 22.8 29.7 - H$ z6 w+ x4 P
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
A" w3 H T- w8 ZLos Angeles 21.3 25.6 6 d) P+ M7 W: L4 O) ]
Seattle 20.4 25
7 @* y' h( \. e. JDenver 17.7 23.7
) e& i/ x! |: H$ S- JNew York 21.2 22.5
, q$ v# U# l4 |# O3 XChicago 17.2 20.8 8 ^4 E; N! t: m2 _+ j
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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& F# O8 p, B8 \It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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4 `: X2 J b$ U0 GFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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