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How to figure a home's fundamental value
" Q& y% a# v- ?6 kLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.- }' S9 c4 Q' C5 S3 Y
7 }2 p; a0 p( o [# g% L* ^Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.8 t& F4 _. L* X7 A+ m* `, n
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.7 H1 e% u! U- Q8 h1 H; ^
, }3 h- @ t0 M3 W! p) Q3 w/ bTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.$ m( U: `9 }! B( [5 e1 B% B" J, N
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.0 t, {7 W" R" C0 I/ ?/ I
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
6 @8 f- r; @ N+ m/ MNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
. B1 g2 l7 R4 f5 |) e' x( DYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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& |, q+ X3 H0 G, B rIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.! z+ q) z1 N6 T. ?' e7 C ]- f: O
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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Boston 20.5 30.2 * T% a4 ~* ~/ `* O; R' B
San Diego 22.8 29.7 ) @6 O3 S3 D# j$ C2 N7 |9 _/ j1 k
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
5 f }% g/ Z7 ]7 M8 nLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
& z; W: B. m$ m2 x; d! jSeattle 20.4 25 * O/ U; p# Y/ s7 x
Denver 17.7 23.7
' I( j2 b* P2 q9 K, i3 ]New York 21.2 22.5 5 U; L& ~9 p/ G/ j) F4 g+ [- V/ K
Chicago 17.2 20.8 + a3 B+ i2 E/ x
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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2 Y" [. L0 z3 J: Z( F2 O# fFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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