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How to figure a home's fundamental value
2 Z- S* q$ e, ?# q! R( sLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.$ f6 O- P3 \: b6 c# w
( k9 _( [ M8 |$ Z: d) i2 X" I% xNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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0 m% B v9 o' q; z- H* J; U: lLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently., N9 e4 G6 g6 G' r$ l! o1 q4 O( q
$ v9 N" `' y) E7 \5 T( f- C VTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988./ J) r @# r9 g' D. e6 X, V, E6 n* M
3 i) t5 d7 u: R' r! d8 O s. @/ DSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
9 n+ |7 ?( k8 B5 s* `! `San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
0 ?/ o, L$ r* n. {, fNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
9 u3 e6 } f/ W) \( v4 B1 N6 X. i( y4 dYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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- s) B! x5 v D- r7 c% T$ TIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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1 G8 {9 G% X2 h- J Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 7 Z- D$ y. s, c; V" z
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
9 q& Y$ M& w4 S5 hBoston 20.5 30.2 / A7 g# [: F9 R5 p2 }
San Diego 22.8 29.7 . w! f' O: L' s5 p& K. ~3 ?
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
7 Z6 E) y3 C, \" ~Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 0 d3 h1 J. t7 v, V: Y6 O
Seattle 20.4 25
. ?4 b3 u" x2 ~- j ?! ^Denver 17.7 23.7 0 ~6 d+ W' }: | H: h i. T! p# t% {
New York 21.2 22.5 2 Z6 E+ f% W6 ^% z
Chicago 17.2 20.8
. X; R( t* n: A. M) tWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 & C. Y+ d/ w5 b y! W. h
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C+ T/ k* `! w* cIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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; V2 m; _: C/ v! B7 M8 E5 Z2 kFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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