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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, \8 {" E# ]* Z- W: B
Formal Statements w. G+ S# D- i
1. Public Speeches; f8 C6 W9 v+ M* A$ _
2. Letters of opposition or support- V2 R B P" h" j- Q0 K$ y
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; z# e) ?- @1 A9 m2 L; z
4. Signed public statements7 v# M2 Z& G) T- }0 E
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
* k# H. Q; y. j! @6 Z 6. Group or mass petitions! Y+ i; l( `5 R0 M( D
8 U8 E- f4 q0 f* [+ JCommunications with a Wider Audience
; }, d. F; r. _: Y3 s: m 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols N. s6 H3 K s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( N( S8 m% V, Q% e, U
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 Q& [9 F) q% I9 m f) S l2 ^8 e 10. Newspapers and journals
6 V; _% \, d( ] 11. Records, radio, and television
8 s/ C# w ?2 w3 b6 _$ i7 A7 o 12. Skywriting and earthwriting; z2 ~9 `/ e2 K% @8 {; E
$ \% y( N C- q+ OGroup Representations
" {" w( l; _% p7 z 13. Deputations8 ?2 x5 R, I# S7 G% ~2 Q$ h
14. Mock awards4 C5 `! }4 ?; M$ L+ x2 m
15. Group lobbying
% S4 ~; X8 U6 y0 d2 | 16. Picketing
, o' D& G; X/ ^; r* d) [9 U3 v 17. Mock elections
5 Q# D! s0 n8 A, a! B, j/ g/ ^/ s5 Z3 h1 }, W
Symbolic Public Acts
7 a# N; ], w, i 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) b/ I% R S! _' @ 19. Wearing of symbols
* [# J4 V* y1 _$ R 20. Prayer and worship
; `& I' n8 i( ]7 ~; K! s 21. Delivering symbolic objects
) G2 q* W* e3 u 22. Protest disrobings
9 V& U _$ h8 e `. K3 z 23. Destruction of own property: ~( T9 ?6 s& V) }
24. Symbolic lights* A' z; {7 T9 H3 B
25. Displays of portraits9 c9 ]3 e- h2 c- U4 _2 G
26. Paint as protest. C7 O/ H8 W, Q% s
27. New signs and names
/ q) u' L/ Z4 n7 [8 g# i 28. Symbolic sounds
9 B, V& a; s- d# A 29. Symbolic reclamations
* U1 g Y. ?( w3 m. g( G3 N 30. Rude gestures
- R1 j6 | X+ f/ `3 H: U& J7 e8 u; B M" O
Pressures on Individuals7 |* _' ^4 p: D
31. “Haunting” officials
& C0 ^ o( C- f 32. Taunting officials
1 H- d) B/ u' l7 H2 _; V9 J 33. Fraternization
/ b. V& y* j4 l& Q; J3 } b2 m 34. Vigils
( E q f# V+ C' b4 l
5 k: r, C6 z! I; F, T. BDrama and Music
' Q- ?8 y7 g- f+ N/ T ~ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 F" V9 K# d* }9 S1 P 36. Performances of plays and music5 g# ~, w! g2 _4 s1 L; G
37. Singing- D- C: G& S. V+ _" P
# _- S3 U7 O- V( j9 x5 Z& VProcessions
$ ?; Y h* T5 x9 G! n 38. Marches
" l/ T8 D: ^. x7 R3 A 39. Parades8 u% v( [2 ~3 l! O. _
40. Religious processions; U* @7 o0 V9 G( R w
41. Pilgrimages+ N& J- v B2 a3 B* P8 L
42. Motorcades
" [( Z# N, {" p; t& Z4 H$ ?* D3 q, D0 s
Honoring the Dead
5 f+ J/ V3 z& d0 ?# ]8 c 43. Political mourning8 T: {) O% w) y6 u$ D% V3 P7 B& H" f, A: n
44. Mock funerals
4 }# S% u1 G) l1 k1 b 45. Demonstrative funerals
a; e1 P0 t( B T 46. Homage at burial places
9 | A- Z$ B4 ]8 l/ f& K# n
/ P+ V1 _3 x( q& `Public Assemblies7 |+ y8 D2 G7 n3 k
47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ `( n& S2 Q( X% ^) \: S( q) @) t; ? 48. Protest meetings
5 b2 h3 z; t2 L% ~5 K 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
. M( {1 L7 H. n7 \. X- W 50. Teach-ins
; m2 I5 i2 i- Y8 ?& T% P" ~; m) N/ n7 I& c
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# ^0 Q$ O7 h; z$ m 51. Walk-outs
4 ~$ U. z. u8 X4 q/ c5 i 52. Silence$ W& k6 |' q. l
53. Renouncing honors
* {6 e+ C, v4 I( j1 ?( @( C 54. Turning one’s back
( S# J1 ~* U$ _8 }2 e
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1 r9 m4 G. P9 J6 g+ P" [) l9 j
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 s b4 S" o, MOstracism of Persons& N7 u6 P$ `1 n( I( } U
55. Social boycott7 M3 T- s& p8 V8 L: Q- m: x
56. Selective social boycott
1 X1 D0 P1 l3 F, `, u 57. Lysistratic nonaction
. U& {1 i8 x1 o+ ^' a0 L0 }6 z9 V' I 58. Excommunication+ `! j) T6 f% _9 G# W9 k7 o
59. Interdict
7 F; n6 V; ]8 a1 ?1 [/ w6 u( ?1 V4 s: F) Y6 ?) R1 d/ R: H
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) {6 i U3 \$ ^- I, J 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. s& A/ f$ F& P& _- J5 D 61. Boycott of social affairs! T1 P, I0 e1 Z3 w5 O+ `3 @
62. Student strike
) l# i4 ~$ Q h6 u) G7 ]# ~ 63. Social disobedience
! M d1 E# O) q& I( z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& Z# T5 b6 H8 @# G9 r& q7 {4 K' Z1 M% s' N/ d; Z2 J
Withdrawal from the Social System
% }5 Z B3 i9 U( y 65. Stay-at-home
8 S2 z, l9 U5 a6 K; f1 a/ a 66. Total personal noncooperation
/ q: S- T$ q6 M6 K 67. “Flight” of workers8 U. r0 W! Y6 t8 `/ d
68. Sanctuary
( M6 w4 p* t- W0 D+ V 69. Collective disappearance
; |" E1 z: Q+ i 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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( \. V# X& u, o. tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ X4 X7 e" e8 _3 |4 }( x) U, V' \
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Actions by Consumers' n# b) l$ ?% y$ a
71. Consumers’ boycott" x0 H/ i/ \6 ^8 L
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 [6 |# A. s ~2 [4 l 73. Policy of austerity6 R4 [% F+ \: i1 p* K
74. Rent withholding* T: P- x! B/ B
75. Refusal to rent
) Q) u5 S& }+ y. `( j) ] 76. National consumers’ boycott
/ S) C, T0 A7 |. l9 [3 K 77. International consumers’ boycott
. J# i. ^! J D9 i/ D
! _1 x2 G/ I" z/ g% mAction by Workers and Producers0 e3 o, D+ z5 x- S5 C: P+ w
78. Workmen’s boycott2 i4 d$ p0 e/ E6 k' g1 T5 q
79. Producers’ boycott
% G3 W5 a& V9 a7 W' Q; |
8 g; g! ^. K" b" H5 L+ `7 YAction by Middlemen& v) ~3 v1 t1 W- B( W
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 R1 s0 ]) H7 o' }
?1 Y7 T+ w+ [3 l0 M! a: r1 ~
Action by Owners and Management! ~$ o( {. w9 h1 z1 m0 s; F
81. Traders’ boycott
1 L$ v5 Q' [6 ~4 ]+ R 82. Refusal to let or sell property
8 z& l, {2 H! x Y- p 83. Lockout
! g9 U/ Z3 ^1 }" C! l3 [# |8 A7 L 84. Refusal of industrial assistance: W- b; f, T R1 o
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" J% M' t5 E9 s8 Y
, D) e" D: x! AAction by Holders of Financial Resources' i/ u6 m+ Q& ]
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits4 @ C. G4 ~& |. Z1 F( }
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 J& Z! F! X- J v& U/ O 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( z. q! U5 _' z. M: k
89. Severance of funds and credit
/ q, o/ o4 ?9 C3 _$ o! z( P; o 90. Revenue refusal
$ m( ]% F6 R' c" [ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 z& t- i$ O7 S) W. v" X& n4 k. l$ z1 M& g& y, E7 F
Action by Governments
3 v- L* e6 Z5 I( o 92. Domestic embargo# g$ W$ [! d) h
93. Blacklisting of traders
) O7 G, |5 b- R3 B3 v) Y @( j 94. International sellers’ embargo: Q# H4 a, g8 C. R
95. International buyers’ embargo& z4 s4 B* a2 _3 c% ^4 K7 x
96. International trade embargo
5 w6 y3 P' k5 V( v( s! X& \- a: v& ]- W2 V. M/ k; s& w
N6 G% ?. q _" e# l( P# P% w% u+ U- G" S9 o* a8 N5 a
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& h7 v6 H# j; N8 P `
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2 |- S% v& Y. l$ ]$ G3 o* DSymbolic Strikes
/ o* R$ ?1 H$ P6 E2 `* Q8 r 97. Protest strike
, u1 E, i0 w& j: f ?( C 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 U! G" U# g* z7 Q3 M
$ B2 T; \6 }- E& ]* t: V
Agricultural Strikes
! t H9 q$ R0 C" ]3 |5 I0 X1 k 99. Peasant strike
1 P" @! b+ a/ e/ U% O 100. Farm Workers’ strike6 Q% N/ Z: M, C
9 a3 b5 C% K; C2 X
Strikes by Special Groups
0 m) D, U& K( ]$ ] 101. Refusal of impressed labor# E. R' ^4 o; R% |5 O
102. Prisoners’ strike
6 d5 ]$ F7 K6 Q ^7 q/ U; E M4 j9 d 103. Craft strike
# w; J6 z8 U* X: D, A$ a 104. Professional strike- |8 t8 ~1 p) i1 n4 M: [
! j+ I5 B3 ?- K" R/ J j: HOrdinary Industrial Strikes- O2 \" S+ ^. a2 O( k2 p
105. Establishment strike
1 \' ~2 K$ O( c. b1 ~ 106. Industry strike6 F3 _3 }- W$ k/ F' G4 v
107. Sympathetic strike
# t9 ]& H7 B- o( t- @* U; K5 n) ~* p4 i/ @ N8 u5 E Q) r
Restricted Strikes
) d: j0 D) a% N 108. Detailed strike, ]7 i; o2 g% l# R, ^. @4 D
109. Bumper strike
/ H( ~9 o+ h; x7 I' o8 F) j: W, F 110. Slowdown strike
' V+ |1 Z% }1 ?$ C 111. Working-to-rule strike
# M/ u: d3 K- x+ B, B 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) m- ?1 T) v0 w& K3 s
113. Strike by resignation
6 Z8 J( g+ q! l 114. Limited strike" b2 s: Q, N% Y: b: B
115. Selective strike
1 e2 e1 ~4 x9 v/ }
1 `2 a) y0 ^' z; lMulti-Industry Strikes
& J: U- J# \, [1 @7 w/ x8 z- |
8 X3 y, y+ m2 a0 U 116. Generalized strike9 m- X! Y9 q; h& P1 d+ F+ y P
$ G, l7 y: F2 i
117. General strike
+ f5 {! e' K+ H( o! Y! I2 {$ {
: Y$ A3 L( V' BCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; ]6 A) M( r+ }+ _1 P) c3 e2 k- X: e8 @
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown7 L& h$ ^- _7 }
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, b1 k$ Q% u/ k V+ K9 y
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! o- Q& v U" l- h% `* i
Rejection of Authority
8 v4 p2 T0 \' R1 H6 c 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ S. D8 `, Z! R1 c2 ^ 121. Refusal of public support
) F. e% O: M* l4 `+ h: e% v* v4 n 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 H6 {+ z0 f, @- C
6 P( w: ?: l9 c3 m$ n* n
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 V5 }: l) W. d1 z3 I- m( X$ d: p) r
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ X$ [* n! p. O4 C5 y) Q* c! h
124. Boycott of elections
& {: G. c1 ~4 K* s! D! G! q- Q+ ~ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 Z& ~* d5 O$ N: U$ J# ?
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& o9 r* T P+ B# F! ]6 Z' Z
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ C0 c, f0 k& ?3 p, H1 l( V
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% G% ^# ^7 ]2 ~& S0 |) [" I4 ^
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% r3 t9 O. N. d
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# q% P% ]+ P8 R4 T8 w9 K
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 N# i% Q* `: {4 `6 A0 H& C
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% Y) B/ k* z7 W+ @, L4 [4 H- U. @$ Q3 t
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ G' \% {" Q/ d- d( a 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 C# @1 ?# J3 w6 B$ ^7 X0 g# z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
% K! L( H& {( m: O 135. Popular nonobedience7 K { L$ N- ]& u9 W* `) x9 |
136. Disguised disobedience
1 J; N4 J# [% K; m9 } 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: z( P3 e/ ]0 p5 F& g: J
138. Sitdown
* q( q. F$ I5 b' L2 e 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 a$ v, D1 q6 `$ ]# W3 y7 d( l, v
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 p- J3 |+ ?- V2 ^0 o
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! s% E8 d* |3 ^* @2 y0 f
0 c' Y! F1 l' k: e; p
Action by Government Personnel3 \. J- q, x- U0 r! _
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: o8 V" T! S) p; `! j- Q- Z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 D e9 ]3 u- g 144. Stalling and obstruction3 Q4 b3 h% E3 r H
145. General administrative noncooperation6 j7 s2 z7 e% v
9 ~) ~8 O8 Z7 N. ?' U6 S' s5 L4 _# j 146. Judicial noncooperation
C/ j; r: c6 ?5 l8 ` 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents8 @1 I$ a, {0 }2 `3 K! R* ~
148. Mutiny1 T3 }3 n- ^1 o: `( P5 e
Domestic Governmental Action1 i8 e w% H( }1 {
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ Y7 S+ \9 X' L
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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9 [7 f' f' [& h( V) ^5 CInternational Governmental Action
' K7 n8 J% \# \( x3 b( f 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( _/ Y$ K: t4 P# a6 V( g0 P2 {/ X 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' i o! D; D. S1 L$ h: G6 ?# g# S. [ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; {% |2 e6 o! m" U8 f! a- \ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" |- z# l6 ~! l: j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ n8 k" W3 f0 h0 L D4 W 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. h+ n3 H1 U' \1 F0 V6 d2 V
157. Expulsion from international organizations: a+ R- I% u5 X* J8 W p
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8 i0 k- u+ X }$ x& f* W) O5 r
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention$ I- Y1 G8 j0 i) M) G2 N7 I; y
158. Self-exposure to the elements5 \. n r. u1 \
159. The fast
, y7 n! ^. }, U# R* ]: _ a) Fast of moral pressure
+ k) o* g9 n! s5 V) l8 R x b) Hunger strike6 _+ n' C4 ^& U; d' w* u
c) Satyagrahic fast# z$ g4 q' I$ r$ Y" V! G$ x; I
160. Reverse trial) O' Z( f% D/ x% ^
161. Nonviolent harassment. q+ P0 {$ y6 M/ D. }
5 `) U4 v$ Z& u
Physical Intervention+ v& R$ N% x. \) g/ p+ ]+ [& S
162. Sit-in
) R/ Q( b0 I* B4 Q1 f% i 163. Stand-in. Z( y5 `* Y& A/ K% Y9 c) i& i& m
164. Ride-in
; [" p% u, t( G$ a 165. Wade-in; s- B8 i$ h; _8 m
166. Mill-in4 b( g" u* [" j# B4 U) ?- y
167. Pray-in
0 M5 z" B5 M2 r/ r 168. Nonviolent raids
" B {$ i+ a) ^: f 169. Nonviolent air raids
" }6 a7 l K; l2 F3 R 170. Nonviolent invasion' B: L& o P0 S) Z/ w/ D. R
171. Nonviolent interjection6 Q4 x' G7 [ N2 @
172. Nonviolent obstruction
" r+ w' z5 o" C( C0 ^: O0 D% X: w 173. Nonviolent occupation
+ J; B: o0 q; |8 d. I' V
6 m0 d; }6 n+ o+ sSocial Intervention
" o- f" }; L5 o1 N 174. Establishing new social patterns; g: R* F4 }# w& z- x/ y
175. Overloading of facilities
9 `" `- R3 _/ c4 b# O" W( |" K4 [2 | 176. Stall-in
: ^% D2 e c9 T7 f' r9 z j 177. Speak-in# l& y- K9 g$ b4 m; k' i. a( k$ e
178. Guerrilla theater3 r( c5 _- B$ n/ t7 z& h
179. Alternative social institutions: _2 D* D) Y2 k3 C/ X
180. Alternative communication system
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9 K3 y9 s9 \$ @3 XEconomic Intervention: _4 v2 Z ^& B {3 ]+ V
181. Reverse strike
1 m t& X. b B# Q 182. Stay-in strike
+ ]) \5 p0 R% C, R8 O8 x 183. Nonviolent land seizure9 s/ p- Q: t4 d$ Q
184. Defiance of blockades
5 e; ^" s6 q# w" G9 X 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 M+ c4 z7 o/ L! y& d, ?& z 186. Preclusive purchasing
' C6 h6 _1 e* j2 q. R 187. Seizure of assets" Y5 \# a& U7 o* u, Q3 q
188. Dumping
8 j% K& D/ W$ V2 g F 189. Selective patronage, q' E3 P4 t" X8 A/ V$ k
190. Alternative markets
$ k' ]8 n) v* u* W$ O" d 191. Alternative transportation systems
7 G7 c( \3 b" Y' ]2 i& K7 Z9 F* E2 Q 192. Alternative economic institutions; I9 J& T+ B, Q; A
( h" v2 z' a+ u
Political Intervention
" s* A2 ]6 v# w; v6 J8 S& A 193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ q% Y7 X' H( ]' O$ B+ ]% l 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# Z' A% G# c% D0 o4 B/ _
195. Seeking imprisonment7 [3 w* X- \4 }5 {6 T- _
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 B/ c5 C8 R1 _; N 197. Work-on without collaboration
+ e5 L4 s' `: K 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government& @5 F9 U! E7 o1 K& M2 y. S7 g# W
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
