 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& `" e$ g$ q" f2 E6 JFormal Statements2 Y, d% f. F; u, l1 `
1. Public Speeches1 I$ A% U1 ~ B4 o4 ~6 v( Q/ F
2. Letters of opposition or support
* x5 l3 p& H/ U* j" l# V. u o 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
) p2 G2 {+ I0 S* `" s8 ^8 z; J 4. Signed public statements; u" d8 D7 D( Y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ W2 e6 Y" G* p
6. Group or mass petitions
- G1 [2 m8 e: e0 N% x- U
* |: l8 q" v- LCommunications with a Wider Audience6 n8 A3 }% K% ~! a( O. G
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 v2 [- A2 x) W2 c+ i. X
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications: Y3 F+ `9 q+ {# X
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
+ s( C6 V5 _ P. [8 K3 U 10. Newspapers and journals! J1 b, Z. O5 G" B% [4 x7 d
11. Records, radio, and television
3 |) j3 e8 j# g 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 B8 ^7 D* ~! m; q+ a0 x! R) V% P& g, T/ c; \/ k) D, Y3 P8 b1 F
Group Representations8 S( A2 v! Y+ j* E
13. Deputations9 {0 i4 c6 K2 P" J6 L0 _" D+ T
14. Mock awards
; t0 M. R# o4 P4 K! B0 b6 y; p) t 15. Group lobbying
, e; ]0 c3 x' q5 i* C; O* E" q j 16. Picketing
; u4 @3 t/ G$ e2 i6 B: Y 17. Mock elections( ^5 s, n6 f4 `! d
4 h6 M8 E. F6 R4 B+ I4 T
Symbolic Public Acts1 C2 I6 I1 k% R
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. n( C1 q6 u/ Z/ U5 }% S" [# p0 O 19. Wearing of symbols
& u; b0 g7 v2 u4 r1 ` 20. Prayer and worship
) A9 z" k/ ^" `! N 21. Delivering symbolic objects7 t& Y% o# [$ S; x( m
22. Protest disrobings
4 J4 }" s- g7 A, H1 y6 V 23. Destruction of own property
( z2 c' e- U# p* [9 l/ A 24. Symbolic lights9 }, F% e% @3 z0 Z, c# _) Y& c
25. Displays of portraits
* a2 t p' M& I" H+ G# I& F' s 26. Paint as protest1 H& a5 p9 E8 N2 b
27. New signs and names
7 R* \: d! E# [8 O! V7 e3 c: w 28. Symbolic sounds, |. G1 B( o2 x$ i* Q( r
29. Symbolic reclamations2 e3 A! |# c- p( {; R! b% o
30. Rude gestures( Z3 e( \, X3 K3 A
7 X( K/ Y7 B: h! [8 f3 f2 MPressures on Individuals
$ @2 \4 Z1 M8 J: h1 M$ J7 q 31. “Haunting” officials
4 n& Q: _" _5 J) H8 Z 32. Taunting officials n# [) F* D4 s# P: Y
33. Fraternization6 _% g! d4 ]& O' @
34. Vigils
- [ O* B+ R8 D8 L0 {$ s
' m, ~* z3 g% k7 n8 T' ?8 `& ADrama and Music% z. `1 V4 O% V" U) v
35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 O; E2 k3 u4 b4 `6 M, p) Y 36. Performances of plays and music
( e1 p' c/ j7 R2 C6 M3 r' M4 Y/ P 37. Singing) q% d- I8 l. v7 t9 |
8 Y! K! p. z* c
Processions7 { l& d# x' q) R$ i0 s
38. Marches
8 a0 |, G0 H8 ~8 J; D( K3 h 39. Parades
7 V- c, w; K% Z |9 d" j& J 40. Religious processions
6 R7 C9 ~; c) ?, b, s% M. {3 f, s 41. Pilgrimages* V) x( d8 x. Q# c) T& g
42. Motorcades
0 S$ X0 M. s7 V9 r) I( t1 `- l3 g I0 w# |. b8 L3 B: P
Honoring the Dead2 Z' H+ A! B0 N7 k, \* O
43. Political mourning2 E2 V1 _/ e4 Z/ E- {& I6 k
44. Mock funerals
, S+ U4 s G. Y: ?! H 45. Demonstrative funerals# M# c& Z8 C O7 J& w! w1 ?
46. Homage at burial places/ j" N' r' G. H- Q( \
. L! q* e9 j8 R* v2 x9 l1 T
Public Assemblies
0 j2 _! J; D# }; |: F# a0 e2 m 47. Assemblies of protest or support
( F, b% Z/ W) u6 c0 D4 |9 R0 @- i 48. Protest meetings
1 Q6 d* S8 `7 ^# k4 Y8 b 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 `1 x2 B& A+ y& Y2 e! x
50. Teach-ins) `0 x9 Y# `! W$ d; _6 Q
. A A0 e6 |8 uWithdrawal and Renunciation* ~5 I+ r6 G, a1 \1 j
51. Walk-outs
5 z- A) O7 m/ H D( Z8 s, T 52. Silence8 a) w/ y. t, N- t7 k! Y R
53. Renouncing honors2 i8 V* {: A1 Z" B) k
54. Turning one’s back1 Y7 t& X1 Y& ] d" P1 q1 C
7 Y" k7 X4 H2 P9 A
( }) V9 W- a, l% }' z L( l% @& _8 _: |6 A# n
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 t4 m% u8 o: K! \
* u+ P) _ p) n/ Y) c& |* ~
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Ostracism of Persons* p3 l! l5 }9 V: w9 }5 X
55. Social boycott
. D6 ?- n. D! i. p. {/ K- v 56. Selective social boycott6 B+ f7 N6 y$ V. H
57. Lysistratic nonaction0 X9 S7 P5 |* v9 H" J9 {! M# C
58. Excommunication$ y* y( u# c5 k( R
59. Interdict3 Y7 l4 a" A6 ^8 l1 o8 ]
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: C* ^4 R' R) ] 60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 T9 ~9 r8 I- W+ ~
61. Boycott of social affairs }- W( _, W1 A6 y& B
62. Student strike# y; `1 F' Z, |' S) n
63. Social disobedience
3 d: @/ }* G# x5 r2 h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions# e- a/ i: a9 _* B3 |+ d
8 g8 q8 x5 T5 L' B1 A. nWithdrawal from the Social System
$ J/ v. a. i- G+ I 65. Stay-at-home
2 [- t" Z* |) ` 66. Total personal noncooperation1 V! {7 J6 v* Y8 B2 H
67. “Flight” of workers6 _2 ]" N2 L9 Q, D
68. Sanctuary, ^2 G8 E/ \& }: ^1 h$ n7 p
69. Collective disappearance
: U/ \$ g0 E# }3 D* F+ a 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
' {( G5 t$ M# ^* g f) H. y% f' y4 V% K) u: R- q
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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$ t5 E0 i4 O/ O2 H5 w. z
Actions by Consumers3 |( y) U$ V* h6 L% V5 D4 C8 ^
71. Consumers’ boycott: r; r8 N' w; y2 p9 w
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: x9 K+ u( A1 |# N4 |7 ^5 D
73. Policy of austerity
6 {, y2 g1 `) @6 Y0 X 74. Rent withholding+ J( L9 s4 J) w* Z
75. Refusal to rent
8 H& Z$ s) P- ?. J 76. National consumers’ boycott
' u5 a, M+ O+ `- j8 L$ E 77. International consumers’ boycott
3 t3 O/ M: |- ~8 r' T) i) f9 x
* \* F9 U+ ]1 SAction by Workers and Producers
; t, p: i3 D; \& O- t 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ F% p' c: | K, ]7 z8 _ 79. Producers’ boycott7 \; v- A3 H$ l9 C8 ~
5 H3 h) |7 k6 ^& I; A- q2 ?
Action by Middlemen
' {1 q% N& D- d, q# [0 [ d( x 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott' Q* b" z ^% L6 @8 Y' I
6 W3 g6 y$ |5 o! B$ I8 {
Action by Owners and Management h+ j' w' W/ @" W
81. Traders’ boycott
" S R9 B9 |, m9 `1 D* j* R 82. Refusal to let or sell property) z3 J! e" V* u- O# C/ j
83. Lockout
2 f f! k2 ^6 b# n( } 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; U9 W3 I* i- B* D 85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 J: h. @9 d& g
/ B. Y9 ` z! o$ _Action by Holders of Financial Resources
8 N& m! r& `2 K5 V$ C 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* \ K2 p, r2 s6 }: v0 [ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 n- ]3 Y" g) b5 o; ?1 Y
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
) T3 }) G; m5 q$ `7 m 89. Severance of funds and credit2 k, f0 M. E( h1 d" I8 {% j- g
90. Revenue refusal
" D+ E1 Y4 A/ i7 x( | 91. Refusal of a government’s money$ e$ v2 ~& Y3 q
% x1 ]! r- O( R
Action by Governments
! b. {! I# _ `3 T 92. Domestic embargo
! J( d) P$ B0 x! c. z% @! e; ]/ C 93. Blacklisting of traders
$ w; F8 I" s) X$ W9 P! i 94. International sellers’ embargo
4 M. V4 d1 J' ^* F' V( l 95. International buyers’ embargo' M0 X, I, |: D; V3 g
96. International trade embargo
2 \: e0 @0 L- f) |5 ?( h' F
" S7 a8 X5 D- ]6 T
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% e& c) p* ~. ~" |9 {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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" S1 v$ L8 z8 ^Symbolic Strikes3 Z% z7 P6 E5 n, X& l6 f
97. Protest strike: G! _/ c3 F" `( K3 R0 a' ~
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) i$ n/ _+ t( B7 c
. m2 @$ T% o. d! f9 CAgricultural Strikes+ M( Q7 G- k b4 Z/ i
99. Peasant strike* ^% U) N# O; s/ Z, d! S
100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 W0 L; o& Z; t- j2 G
8 [# N0 p& k: h! _+ SStrikes by Special Groups" D( k& \) I ?5 r2 v2 l I
101. Refusal of impressed labor; \5 ]0 _0 c( T. f7 C# g8 Y& N
102. Prisoners’ strike
8 s; f/ o- D; q/ ]' W3 y 103. Craft strike
/ ?# _' I1 J e: v( i 104. Professional strike& `" _- \- c# Q; a/ u
2 q3 J9 E! Q4 E8 C# O) _/ L
Ordinary Industrial Strikes' V* Q7 ]7 Y+ K+ j4 j* J9 q! }) w! Q' O+ }
105. Establishment strike
; H4 G/ N- a8 w% G9 t 106. Industry strike
. q- C5 t/ z, Q! e& ^/ A 107. Sympathetic strike: F3 g; \6 ^; h( n
' {# g1 G2 b5 U1 DRestricted Strikes
& H5 a5 |( {, j) g' M 108. Detailed strike
1 Y \1 Y* }, h L$ z. h 109. Bumper strike: D( Q3 x7 n; P9 x1 p
110. Slowdown strike
c: [& y" W- c3 ~6 g( ` 111. Working-to-rule strike
5 k/ T) i! a; T- C) t; I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& i6 \1 F D& c) h$ a1 j) ^
113. Strike by resignation3 ?- p8 u: n# P! C2 v0 L) d
114. Limited strike
2 d' E0 S+ p0 O$ } a 115. Selective strike
$ ~* g% X5 L9 t s9 \& V; {: T ]2 U; ?: L+ C* G
Multi-Industry Strikes& K8 F/ d! j f" I# a
' n- {( j( h1 F( c2 z2 W' w0 B C9 n 116. Generalized strike
! p$ q5 _/ r6 \; S8 K
; @4 W( P: L Y 117. General strike. d ~4 ]# R! ~5 G& \" H* ?
8 A/ v0 _8 S. TCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures- _( y. U1 y" Q2 O1 T( O+ z
6 h- o1 X( @3 F @ E 118. Hartal! m1 ^5 ~- C V- b o% w
. h$ e9 ~# l; c6 T
119. Economic shutdown! t% K4 x6 w6 v4 k3 `7 U
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) I1 Z/ A, H+ B% m7 W5 TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ ^3 I+ f4 x% S
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Rejection of Authority& b0 X! L9 [+ p( r
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% e# R* N1 E5 B% l: x
121. Refusal of public support; b8 D* V; ` p8 V4 a+ w O
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ z8 T' W0 z+ Z0 F8 c
! R6 N$ i/ m) e) @$ k
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
( ?6 R- z; {) w6 V! W 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
V0 N$ E, ~; p( Y% C" X 124. Boycott of elections4 c+ ?8 Q7 W9 U$ P& x2 w$ K3 A) S! s
125. Boycott of government employment and positions, `$ l+ y* c5 b6 K( o7 p
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
! ?% J2 e* H9 e0 r# J# H7 a 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions {4 a. ?+ o0 ~" l0 E3 I3 h% L
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 A) P! S0 Q5 S3 d 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 M6 ~4 ^: D$ B3 K( ^
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 n6 I: C2 d9 b$ M* m 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; T* B# B' V" C3 c" K 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) n# F% ?: V: T4 v
3 r9 a& M" m* h; w, `9 cCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 H$ ]: K8 O9 p0 E 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 X& n7 U# g% @4 [5 Y* b& B
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) L2 V2 {2 @0 {% I# @9 B
135. Popular nonobedience
# J' u3 P8 g. D4 |' h b# t# u6 g) R 136. Disguised disobedience" I# c q2 j( B6 Z3 ^$ E( M) B
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 }( n% h' n2 l5 x 138. Sitdown
! r$ p% `& f' ?3 f/ z; n2 g 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 M/ K( ^3 D- {+ `) n) w
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. v; i7 _* x& C" z7 \' ^8 `4 t
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
6 u5 g! R8 F; x1 H. n& O+ n: N* z3 k. m2 e* l6 ]. J
Action by Government Personnel
6 }9 a* ^1 D5 b$ y3 a, @ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- ^2 y7 B: |( A
143. Blocking of lines of command and information' Y' b* i& H* C3 w' t/ N
144. Stalling and obstruction
% r. A4 n% H1 n 145. General administrative noncooperation' N1 j- Z' ~- R2 o: G, H
7 e* D+ `4 C$ g6 b/ o, J/ r
146. Judicial noncooperation
# U* E, a0 Y4 F6 B# n 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 P# u4 J0 z3 c& D* H6 I
148. Mutiny
; o {& c3 L" X! J- JDomestic Governmental Action
! ]7 k7 ]5 I, b% Y D 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 V8 N7 S# f2 V$ n0 N 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
8 H- o5 ~* y1 v( X o; P. {$ z% o1 g
International Governmental Action
! i4 `) w' K& _. ]) l6 }; U 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( M3 _ Q9 F2 O 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, ^" O- ~1 e2 ]% K9 P& a j
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; T$ d0 u5 l8 h f4 S+ J 154. Severance of diplomatic relations# p0 k6 p2 {* e
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( E2 l/ F# f9 A 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* ^3 x) y3 Y R
157. Expulsion from international organizations
: {8 g0 V* w4 [: O$ I
# l( H) M- L6 h* w: g g! f & y6 z$ N3 R' o3 L. K' U# D
, v. O/ i6 c" H/ M* b# sTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 ?3 i2 Z3 z5 v* }+ K/ L% ^3 A
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K- s. a, _1 y
Psychological Intervention, I- N* l& e$ v; ?; J6 S
158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ q9 T- Q! C; X: [ 159. The fast
5 t9 {! x# N, q: C0 f% f; |0 [ a) Fast of moral pressure. O5 u" g R( m% f
b) Hunger strike
; U3 F* f3 G+ O: ^ c) Satyagrahic fast( r" o0 J0 [0 w, s: \6 z! t
160. Reverse trial
/ x9 M% j0 C6 P1 } b 161. Nonviolent harassment
$ H( v% I7 v: \" [! A d& V" \2 \) l4 v8 q1 |8 j
Physical Intervention
% X: L8 d$ i4 i$ C 162. Sit-in
+ q+ D/ K9 c. x9 S7 w4 Q& k 163. Stand-in
& ^5 t* e' |/ Y 164. Ride-in+ f: \- e; x8 S2 a6 E
165. Wade-in
& \) S; R: k" ^# ~6 a { 166. Mill-in$ \0 T, u/ r. r( a; C6 N
167. Pray-in/ n& _6 y% x) k1 W# V: b6 M7 O; b
168. Nonviolent raids
, J: r0 f* A6 k$ y9 i; X 169. Nonviolent air raids
+ | C; z1 ?, `2 s0 g! { 170. Nonviolent invasion$ {. ]9 D% a' l7 w3 m" J& y
171. Nonviolent interjection
0 o1 J, k; w/ t/ G) G5 w( | 172. Nonviolent obstruction! N3 u8 P4 f* v" D8 r! B6 V
173. Nonviolent occupation2 q. @* J+ f. F8 i& {" ]6 l
4 V# Z/ d+ U8 t" d7 `
Social Intervention
8 P+ _* j" W* L/ W ~ 174. Establishing new social patterns7 ^; h }( {3 \7 F5 c9 X
175. Overloading of facilities
; e/ E R; ~1 W1 x 176. Stall-in
* u: x _+ S$ E# \ p2 d 177. Speak-in! q8 m( K: s4 y. B% _* X
178. Guerrilla theater4 I1 J9 A" D; W% R0 s; q8 Z
179. Alternative social institutions
, g+ T3 ~7 N% Y 180. Alternative communication system
) Y/ n' e* j$ B" s2 P# C8 Q0 \8 c) f* h( d- E) ` g6 ^8 ^
Economic Intervention3 m1 N- F C, G" U) M' v) C
181. Reverse strike
6 Y& c5 i! i8 P% ^' d 182. Stay-in strike
- q M. t M4 b( @( O# | 183. Nonviolent land seizure
. F! G {9 ]! X& G" M3 u 184. Defiance of blockades; e Z* x: r3 @7 d
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 x% G* `' b% h$ J2 O 186. Preclusive purchasing3 P1 M$ G' |% p; S/ C
187. Seizure of assets- C2 Y4 }! k) P6 u: |
188. Dumping9 t* C, | v. Y: d; [
189. Selective patronage
& G+ E- o7 a _' w 190. Alternative markets1 l$ j) e; M4 v
191. Alternative transportation systems
+ v: A2 |' B6 v 192. Alternative economic institutions, B' p# Z+ a. j
+ R3 T0 V( k0 X- h- E
Political Intervention8 r: X" V( G2 \1 c: s$ q. @
193. Overloading of administrative systems5 Q9 ^! a3 k9 z8 H4 J2 T
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. H& E" ^' N# r- Y0 Z3 C
195. Seeking imprisonment2 Y/ J7 g0 ~1 _
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' l) {( L4 ~( L; [ Y( Q$ b
197. Work-on without collaboration7 w4 H: U; p) j4 }) ^
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; q1 ]' @" Z( i8 D! S$ N- G
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
