 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! H4 _9 b8 d4 p4 K3 I4 [ WFormal Statements
w T9 C- z% b2 _4 \; T7 X! h: e 1. Public Speeches
1 O+ G2 p# B$ H: a 2. Letters of opposition or support! u2 b1 J2 m* I a9 L
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 ~3 A7 l0 c/ ~/ G7 b 4. Signed public statements
! Z. x% f6 `: N+ W A1 }( R( F 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 S1 c8 Y/ C `6 w5 A# }* D 6. Group or mass petitions
- b Y1 [$ Y" @) Y5 C" L7 N8 _) C. G+ {& \4 H5 L3 z: y& |
Communications with a Wider Audience
0 @0 V/ I, W0 e, y2 P 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 I8 b7 q2 F2 r! H, e% h) t5 L F
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) N% _4 Y0 l6 A; P- B" G4 a" Z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' v ~0 x9 J6 Z* ?, o 10. Newspapers and journals
- ?, ^& u* r2 y: y" h7 I4 b; D 11. Records, radio, and television9 L# k/ r: P$ n% u* Q+ s% W
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' ~2 g( Z$ a: B5 K7 z% e$ a
9 N6 Q7 C% Y ?7 M: p2 F' Z/ UGroup Representations. O+ J9 o5 u& G8 P7 |0 z
13. Deputations
& A' `; n& w, @: l$ y 14. Mock awards1 ?- ^' |* U- K* q) y. w
15. Group lobbying& I) v9 J$ N8 I9 z% l; S# U
16. Picketing' v# o z! H) r1 B& b
17. Mock elections
( P6 f# x% W4 z! R3 {% d( z; {+ i3 I( v: G8 Q0 B; [* d" g6 N
Symbolic Public Acts
+ F M; {9 g2 c2 Q6 x1 P' I# l 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: [( [) _0 l6 Q
19. Wearing of symbols
8 j3 }! u6 c T* }6 F 20. Prayer and worship- q6 O2 w- r& V5 n+ e8 [6 p9 p' {
21. Delivering symbolic objects y* b* j4 q1 G& p" V2 }
22. Protest disrobings
7 z! t3 l" m- d/ ^2 C* {- b% l 23. Destruction of own property
. w& j" M$ h! n! m 24. Symbolic lights V% r3 V- l; b
25. Displays of portraits+ t4 V6 q5 J V& l& ]1 w
26. Paint as protest% b% y6 w& e, K1 p
27. New signs and names: J3 T7 e4 d: u, y) r4 h
28. Symbolic sounds
" Q6 w1 {$ V& f# u3 C! M5 r$ p 29. Symbolic reclamations9 s' Q; ?& c' |6 Z1 r
30. Rude gestures0 o" F2 A6 E2 \0 {# Y" o+ V
& `# q: g5 c5 ^6 ^' u4 EPressures on Individuals) [9 O( z5 G( q3 ~1 A( K5 y! @3 o9 \
31. “Haunting” officials
E/ e* s7 B* R$ Y" a* L 32. Taunting officials
5 |; N% O6 m' |( |* }" Y, b! R( @ 33. Fraternization; d; ?/ j! |4 P t: Y* n9 f! A
34. Vigils
\$ v0 _3 w5 A
# p6 a+ U' [' c7 q% aDrama and Music
3 y" H- s8 ~! `6 P. j4 W 35. Humorous skits and pranks
& j2 v( R# o2 F! B 36. Performances of plays and music. C. m! W7 L. c. i; P! A
37. Singing5 f9 }2 r9 L4 ?0 P
4 L; {- E d' w1 g6 X6 L2 U2 s, {9 T
Processions
% S' \' v; w& m 38. Marches
7 s- ~6 ~! z: [4 p/ w8 r 39. Parades
- i9 w7 {) w9 o# y 40. Religious processions/ D% r4 V i/ |# ^$ O1 _
41. Pilgrimages
$ r5 j" ?9 ~; g) \6 s) u1 m" K8 k 42. Motorcades0 U% [8 B# ]9 \7 [: Q" l
! m5 s! m5 C8 _! j' l, |2 t, G
Honoring the Dead
: k9 R3 w) p6 }4 s; S7 } 43. Political mourning( [3 V% |8 l$ w/ M$ R. j
44. Mock funerals
- b# o" d# T$ D7 W, W0 ~- d h+ q* d 45. Demonstrative funerals
* }% N# E8 [" K- `5 {" e' \ 46. Homage at burial places
1 p- O8 w I( c( f2 @
' q; r# K% {# Y3 n h, PPublic Assemblies2 h/ j K, O4 D) q8 H# N
47. Assemblies of protest or support& x- X: g) |5 `
48. Protest meetings
$ r# m/ x0 T$ d; o: x. E9 V 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 q8 v1 _* q% \: ^ 50. Teach-ins; R6 I8 h! B ~" {( `' n
/ i( F8 S2 f. w9 F8 |Withdrawal and Renunciation
. |. R$ K5 M' I8 M+ U 51. Walk-outs& k/ C1 K" D; X% d( Y6 R
52. Silence0 H. P/ }2 E2 J' m5 Y' x0 V/ b
53. Renouncing honors
( C8 G$ D5 W+ y 54. Turning one’s back
1 y. X+ c# J$ ^/ [+ e6 n1 h' I0 c( z# v- ?
) U; J; D5 U1 x: \& Z4 z9 a- H! R/ S8 ?, l! m, Q) E
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% r+ p W \9 ]
7 t3 [4 e; P2 B9 o w2 {
. B, u0 L* E$ a/ E4 C( J+ T9 g* w" J' `* V7 U) h
Ostracism of Persons0 G( y& [' \9 y @8 U& u
55. Social boycott+ U. I8 { L M& E0 _6 |
56. Selective social boycott Z) g; ]& t ^( s7 P, u1 ?0 j; @
57. Lysistratic nonaction
( b) |, G3 b3 D n' Y M4 q 58. Excommunication
$ l9 Y' Y- j. w 59. Interdict
( H/ e, G8 r6 h; F: S L. O3 u+ w& B7 K* R3 R. q2 O7 g/ P
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, d) I% m4 W+ S7 N* T
60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 B( o7 D$ `. S) R2 g0 U0 V7 m
61. Boycott of social affairs
7 s3 n- D7 p& n9 w$ W2 Q 62. Student strike+ q9 Y z3 M3 q4 v: E9 _! W
63. Social disobedience2 c3 w0 {2 ~. p) e, }
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 i+ t, r, E5 Q0 ~ P9 D# t5 R$ R3 v
Withdrawal from the Social System
! }" d) @/ k! G. } 65. Stay-at-home
. W" s, }8 o- P( g7 B3 A, N 66. Total personal noncooperation
6 s. Z( j5 u% R& K7 N0 q# i 67. “Flight” of workers
9 U( E/ z6 Z( b3 F* E 68. Sanctuary( y/ c+ P6 ?1 f1 J+ R+ o4 }: M
69. Collective disappearance! F- r& w5 Q' h' W2 F
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 g& A! U% d8 @0 W9 b
, l' H/ |! m$ Q* I+ ^: `/ J _3 I# D6 A' S! ^7 I% q6 u7 w0 T) k
' S" @; X% d2 E. V0 h4 [8 hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 r' {- ^3 a. [: Y/ l. u! d; n
p7 Q9 l* Q8 C5 ?$ ?5 V+ t ' v% ?2 Q) w7 j$ H$ ^, p" _
Actions by Consumers- @) e; e0 t- f. H0 Y
71. Consumers’ boycott
4 f- x- P+ \ i, {7 H 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ i4 v z9 j3 m, G 73. Policy of austerity
! Y$ D. G% ^3 Y 74. Rent withholding
" G/ z! l+ b# L& g# s6 g 75. Refusal to rent
( g! q' B2 H7 I: u. K2 V! i 76. National consumers’ boycott2 ?2 H: p; D' c" ?( o+ a' \: G8 Z
77. International consumers’ boycott
8 m G4 m7 v) y/ p9 g; o- c7 f+ ^# D/ e0 [2 j9 X: x# {
Action by Workers and Producers9 s3 Q, D$ V3 {; h* D- [0 e
78. Workmen’s boycott
+ }& G! _' s$ E. B5 E9 b9 b 79. Producers’ boycott/ t% A3 m! {2 \3 `2 Y
, {5 B% ~5 S! s' D/ ?Action by Middlemen% Q" f; f8 w* f. ~4 W3 w1 s5 `
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( x3 q1 |# g% L) s
; u; O* @/ L+ w; L; ^2 _Action by Owners and Management
* M7 v0 r' _2 b: H/ y 81. Traders’ boycott
+ v( `0 O* g; o# D/ F/ I 82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 T F' j9 M. E 83. Lockout1 a, h8 j5 _, P( `5 P0 z; T
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! J/ D9 Z* z ~ {9 A$ K; o
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' ^/ q6 c' q- [: k3 h; t) x7 ?# ~8 v. v' _/ Y# e
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
7 [# D+ [. M2 h& E, K2 f; y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 L) \) U! y) ~& _ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ C3 r0 L! i! R& n. ]& Z* N2 S9 m8 ^
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 \0 p( M9 Y+ q3 C' Z 89. Severance of funds and credit
; O- p( |+ J5 W% G4 t m 90. Revenue refusal: X; {/ @/ K7 j1 h. P! c
91. Refusal of a government’s money
. [* w3 K3 [1 X( l4 b) z# T( x, ~+ Y! F' H4 Q" W
Action by Governments& @; F1 N5 Q. q. f! m; B
92. Domestic embargo
; E2 Z, n" N8 s/ }; z' A 93. Blacklisting of traders
, h8 A$ A6 G1 S6 R 94. International sellers’ embargo. [9 G& t5 L" _: s# A# d
95. International buyers’ embargo$ Q6 A! y# _2 N' M( u
96. International trade embargo
) J. w' P* Z+ y7 \6 @( X2 w! K! n1 O C5 G5 S- H9 a1 Z7 H
9 h$ B9 N) ]% e8 i$ ~3 v
5 I) [3 ]$ l7 b" ?8 j
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 b$ l; f% f( d9 \7 y8 _
8 {: V( e. s1 ]) `( S / w2 F' L) d0 y2 z+ G
Symbolic Strikes& I2 g; @6 q* s" Z5 U7 S0 ~& y0 k
97. Protest strike
" Q- T8 I+ u+ t0 R 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) g& b+ V O, \& t
: u! N; ?0 V! `2 }$ m
Agricultural Strikes9 C- o% j% \4 V: d; B: ~& g
99. Peasant strike8 B. p: |7 Q$ j
100. Farm Workers’ strike; u/ U8 h7 x+ P6 @& r, ?
3 e9 ?* w* v$ h4 G/ R, y9 ]: v' ?Strikes by Special Groups9 B; z3 o2 ]6 v2 E2 B
101. Refusal of impressed labor5 s! ~6 r4 g4 W( ]* P/ g
102. Prisoners’ strike
" |1 o. X4 X# i$ T7 u* Q& x8 k 103. Craft strike! G* |. ^* O- T
104. Professional strike4 s2 m4 E* W. _) E# n
1 M6 \- e! Q9 Y9 e: J
Ordinary Industrial Strikes" E3 i s$ [% G- D& ^, B
105. Establishment strike1 [1 U% j5 g! I/ e- d n
106. Industry strike! b, j- z: Q3 e2 N8 E( F# U5 _4 D
107. Sympathetic strike
. ~, r2 j( C9 x2 I1 f( t& [1 X) t; R7 G) }5 {
Restricted Strikes
& Q% Y3 e2 {8 c$ e" M/ Y5 V3 _- L 108. Detailed strike! m9 Z0 x$ T3 l7 b( B% \) s
109. Bumper strike4 d- q% P/ D9 q& V
110. Slowdown strike
B" z; ]3 P$ @& }6 {5 ~( u/ c 111. Working-to-rule strike
6 M- q) o$ P# U& Q0 g/ ^ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% ^% c' X7 F: W: \ h 113. Strike by resignation
' s# g9 R' i* w' b& n V, ^! k 114. Limited strike5 m9 F, h) n# d7 l
115. Selective strike# n7 `2 L. V" G. S7 M( p. i5 x
/ e% \* |3 c9 `; _/ p0 m% o- \. q# H
Multi-Industry Strikes
m: g6 k: E% d, r% U$ O! a* A9 |4 h( w/ x* m* B
116. Generalized strike/ ^1 n1 C5 l7 Y8 ^/ Y
6 ^. Q% z: x* O1 ~! ~! ]$ E
117. General strike
3 r k. u" P7 Y( Q7 m- u; i8 [0 r# q. `7 \
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* H* I7 k2 e8 E8 T! r( w8 z
/ E+ p0 W, {% H/ \4 x: i6 b 118. Hartal
2 |3 m" W1 T& u" I! j1 \4 ?5 ?- J, l5 \. v
119. Economic shutdown
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1 p, {5 E, p1 X" Q
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% Q: y* ~( D5 G% X
- }! \. D1 w, _1 J& b
5 A& N6 n9 ~* O/ Z. ?6 z3 sRejection of Authority- {9 ]1 |* f, T. O s# U
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 Z/ J: f4 j2 ?( t 121. Refusal of public support/ N9 v) L! B% K' L2 g G h! @# ]; P
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ L" K) O6 N" n* M1 ^
. a5 `! t5 c1 S1 ~1 p ]9 l) VCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
# G1 h9 i; Q: G8 _8 `3 ~ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
}& ?6 ~; T* p; l 124. Boycott of elections
8 n) S" n4 o; p; P) ]; M 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ o j6 d& k. t4 f
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' _. h1 Q5 z( h3 L9 \: F+ ~ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& f8 \, d9 g; T% S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ \; B+ H; P$ O* u
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 N( J: Q. h" d4 [+ T 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks+ H s# x. F) x% M$ S# o' `+ a) H7 E
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; b, h! Y2 q5 _
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 ~! J1 R+ M/ S7 F& s4 [' k9 d6 _
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 ~, \# l/ R0 ?9 h. A, k
133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ b+ ~! D4 V0 S- B
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 [/ n% P: u- j/ E# N7 {7 i
135. Popular nonobedience
) I2 O5 E4 l+ N+ { R1 m 136. Disguised disobedience
1 C+ ^9 N, S" p% v! _ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 D+ ]2 r0 {( W' j c- ]3 t7 S
138. Sitdown
( _9 J5 I/ V: s- |1 [ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& i" L6 d6 ]; Y 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 w; m* @( c$ S8 S6 Q+ Q; Q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) i& D7 _" ]) }
9 l2 A7 n! U' H" ~5 ~Action by Government Personnel
- ^4 w* R! r V5 b8 q8 [ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* Q- t9 h. m3 e: K/ n3 B" n) J 143. Blocking of lines of command and information( m4 _8 c, T- E0 n- I
144. Stalling and obstruction l$ w6 c! d( X2 \" y" D2 h1 T
145. General administrative noncooperation
5 m% V8 n6 I/ i# x
. z$ G, d4 z" D1 g' n3 [6 R% M 146. Judicial noncooperation0 H/ e/ }/ L+ P& D$ _9 C
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! p% \8 q2 t- n 148. Mutiny
) m# J6 g1 }( [& \5 g# FDomestic Governmental Action
7 M' c) c( p+ z" F( }( v 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 F7 C& H& _$ I0 \$ o" D
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 [6 W% X( [' ], c8 h! a' c
& p# O& n- f) z% x! F. N( e: FInternational Governmental Action
1 q% X! _1 y3 Z0 g; c 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ y d7 E$ K6 Q: k
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ b+ K9 C* ?! ^7 k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' f6 y. g( K {9 P 154. Severance of diplomatic relations# F' y- Y `; b5 E9 _$ _! T
155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ p% ?. V: {( `# v5 x5 G' W7 Y
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, P( f6 @+ F* D3 R7 ^/ X1 y7 W 157. Expulsion from international organizations
7 B2 ?' d* J% W9 B. U, O8 i! B5 ~# o/ A) l$ p% u; H
# i% r: C6 o [4 B3 |
0 p" @* Z" ?' [5 p( xTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
% F& d$ |3 e0 Q `0 n' V: ~; A/ [5 [5 r% o
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Psychological Intervention
2 O) u( w; Y; \, g n 158. Self-exposure to the elements6 g9 Q2 l( J/ c0 y8 |' H* @0 |
159. The fast
1 t9 K2 X" }8 |# U/ N, D4 L a) Fast of moral pressure
* G( m% m% e0 @ b) Hunger strike5 i3 e3 S2 O1 H7 f3 F1 ~2 J
c) Satyagrahic fast4 x5 A9 B V w1 x* H
160. Reverse trial5 R2 i0 P/ v, |3 }
161. Nonviolent harassment3 E, f. o8 g6 R! ~
/ Y4 ^- L& I" |( V" YPhysical Intervention' o4 C2 Y/ n+ `$ I: b U
162. Sit-in: I2 X0 N8 w6 J r* \( j1 v
163. Stand-in
& G, M r2 x6 F1 W. g 164. Ride-in% @7 Q3 A$ @& y3 J# c( u
165. Wade-in7 y( A x2 D0 A7 N" d
166. Mill-in
! ]" A, o3 r. {8 O# L8 |" Y! o4 C. N 167. Pray-in$ I, v, y+ n2 T$ ^
168. Nonviolent raids
, @7 |; @$ |& a: s3 i0 G 169. Nonviolent air raids& ]! f9 w5 k0 `" a0 L
170. Nonviolent invasion
* o0 q5 F/ j5 I' k* r o% X 171. Nonviolent interjection
. S% w0 z, d2 u 172. Nonviolent obstruction* V7 A8 M j1 W5 i& O
173. Nonviolent occupation
% y# J W3 Z3 B! B
) ?4 L: V# m: FSocial Intervention4 e# {; |) F$ D' G$ ]6 d
174. Establishing new social patterns5 r0 Z+ D' B8 B7 x2 @
175. Overloading of facilities% @/ S" j& ~* A, X4 f' \
176. Stall-in: p* L$ U/ l: I, p
177. Speak-in
2 g5 ]. f" c' I2 B& R/ M% [8 F0 z 178. Guerrilla theater: F& m2 T# p3 R5 L- Y1 H
179. Alternative social institutions L& u9 z9 }/ ~/ [
180. Alternative communication system+ A( v* k0 \* Z! F! ~! j! q
( ?* Y6 G/ W) i y4 C* U2 K! SEconomic Intervention
5 b5 c: ?% u9 a" V; l 181. Reverse strike
( I( }9 [" r" {# F0 `0 v; v7 r; ~' t 182. Stay-in strike
( f% x9 j( F b0 e+ R4 K! W* v; P' ?) G 183. Nonviolent land seizure
% U+ w8 g, a1 e( c- h/ N, c9 \- \ 184. Defiance of blockades. r) E) t3 X4 f8 ?% H( J2 K* h
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 I: x; U4 y! O
186. Preclusive purchasing
4 Y5 k" {2 x/ i" }6 z 187. Seizure of assets5 r5 n: |: Q. L, y. w
188. Dumping
6 M8 _) `! Y. Y3 ^$ H0 w( P. [ 189. Selective patronage
* b, G( H, s: f; J# K 190. Alternative markets, C4 \5 S( y5 V9 T! l9 o
191. Alternative transportation systems8 h1 d. [4 ~/ M% V& x4 K, h
192. Alternative economic institutions$ w S; N/ J- L3 Y k1 m3 J1 q
, R( d( }: t' O: W$ z# o* W
Political Intervention
7 |7 P: J5 Q" U5 c 193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 x* X" r+ z! X 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 B& {( z! ~% @ 195. Seeking imprisonment; W* ?0 J! I& C7 X6 W" W
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 r# R9 C# a' Z
197. Work-on without collaboration- E V1 A) ~5 A& _8 r1 j: Z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. y$ i: ]' Y9 S1 U- _
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
