 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) \" ~2 i. Y" r0 F6 V5 ^Formal Statements9 |5 U& h3 d. [( C5 r
1. Public Speeches
/ N( i- \4 e: B 2. Letters of opposition or support( x+ k% A$ o4 b ~; [) E9 C( V+ u
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
) n3 |$ l, N) p* j2 w8 M2 w 4. Signed public statements% C% q! I. ?7 N
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 Z4 y' T0 \! x; r( D# l7 e 6. Group or mass petitions
" q% E. Q: |; q% q9 O( Y, W
, `+ m' I6 M+ m& j" J# C% y3 @, J: L, wCommunications with a Wider Audience
. b2 Q' A* Q( K) \# g# k 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
. s/ S0 ?6 Q9 c3 n) ^5 A" m- P 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 w# u; n9 v! p+ { 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% ]# C' a* A( m0 o/ a- g6 L 10. Newspapers and journals
" @% X& Y+ l( v D7 ?4 H 11. Records, radio, and television
- _: Y* U5 ^' a, r; Q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting e L# k, e% z
/ z4 U, b$ g) g$ W: B* Y2 Z' @Group Representations
) o' i! [4 V- G* Y9 h 13. Deputations
& ]: n- n1 v3 P* N$ U 14. Mock awards& h) ] t- X' c- E2 F
15. Group lobbying/ ^: n/ B* M" {2 B" q, V, P
16. Picketing
/ Z/ f& D! j1 I Y 17. Mock elections
% j2 r. f6 @! E8 E' s' M2 Q N L2 N. x/ u# W: ]
Symbolic Public Acts8 D# w; V! _- E7 C$ A g
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 k2 X9 o. G) J9 _' _5 i
19. Wearing of symbols
+ s I$ N2 b7 N( |2 t 20. Prayer and worship
6 g& X! j5 I1 p9 c/ b 21. Delivering symbolic objects0 C4 m7 ]0 Q# }+ T7 C9 i( O6 ]
22. Protest disrobings
0 P8 B6 {$ o1 O 23. Destruction of own property
) w& Q5 s$ n7 O6 e& D$ [ 24. Symbolic lights( ~2 E! ]3 S$ T+ s
25. Displays of portraits) ~6 _- Q2 b7 U. x2 O/ M1 |
26. Paint as protest7 E8 }( {* M; B" V3 Q' k F. T. U
27. New signs and names0 G/ G& C+ }% c3 s- h
28. Symbolic sounds
- K9 y6 A+ r: r: W 29. Symbolic reclamations
" a$ \; T1 f9 @- `+ d% d& K5 R 30. Rude gestures
& I y8 Q* [6 n4 U0 n% u: x& p! r9 k0 X4 G1 U2 G5 _' I
Pressures on Individuals
) ~: ], ~* S2 p% S2 | 31. “Haunting” officials
6 ~% l$ f& X2 c* P 32. Taunting officials& i# v. c+ E9 c$ t: J* K" C/ R
33. Fraternization0 O7 k/ D4 b7 v" u4 m% e
34. Vigils6 H9 i9 S( R9 r+ y: B
' A) M( P2 P" S" R- ?% j2 X
Drama and Music
' {0 C! d4 f ^/ V3 i$ k/ D 35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 ?8 ~# T$ E. Y" N$ J 36. Performances of plays and music
?2 k& R1 J# @" p 37. Singing) ]1 N' Q2 L/ p2 m
6 \+ M: x5 E' F) _- I; d& H" }: cProcessions6 N5 D$ X5 g* ~
38. Marches! v/ s$ k( B4 o0 y/ S
39. Parades* o& n+ O4 Z3 w" Z/ C* a$ p
40. Religious processions, E) H, A' d" n: _- t; g: x+ [
41. Pilgrimages. u' r) R! L; F
42. Motorcades. l! z9 z# m/ ~8 U# D
" C1 ~! G$ e: J: r6 z0 e/ C7 [$ _Honoring the Dead
) c" _8 S ]) [. a1 I; k- T1 V# v 43. Political mourning
3 n/ A2 q6 q1 b$ |: ]* S" t G- g$ W 44. Mock funerals
9 c# G- E) v! D* \+ O! V. n 45. Demonstrative funerals
5 R2 x& ` G0 H" J9 C 46. Homage at burial places: l- t9 f. M3 q
4 ?8 _3 D3 b$ B$ j% v8 P O+ wPublic Assemblies; |# M# E) P" y% L
47. Assemblies of protest or support' [( z2 n9 k9 `9 ^/ h$ P8 @/ g2 C
48. Protest meetings
, @# r$ t! Z3 X 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 Q. z7 G9 ~; h. ]
50. Teach-ins
7 Y3 \+ r t1 G0 j- ^6 ^6 K8 V% F V4 j5 Y" _
Withdrawal and Renunciation
/ C. s2 w) p6 ` 51. Walk-outs1 g! k* E& o5 i _% Z7 t
52. Silence
7 i0 A" N7 q" s/ d0 _. v' q 53. Renouncing honors
; g+ T( [8 j8 o2 b, \& A 54. Turning one’s back
8 m! e* G4 |0 [* r' k6 Y' n) O) T! C4 j: _5 h, C
& W+ D4 W& @+ t2 \ u e2 h, J) Y8 [" c& `; F" T
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 U" [( R1 H" s0 o- W5 X, q5 U5 o+ h, l4 }# ?9 H! m8 W
/ e/ i9 i6 ~$ a: F" s" |' b1 H! D
Ostracism of Persons& ]% P9 M; P, f. q6 ~* f; s9 I
55. Social boycott
# ]2 A& ? e" r1 M+ \# N 56. Selective social boycott: O+ A9 O. q B! H+ c o- A: G/ A
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# M B. W+ ]& e8 v. E/ u% y: _8 v 58. Excommunication* g Q- [3 ~9 z9 U% P C. @
59. Interdict# F% T7 I9 w$ H" p, h: n0 T6 m2 P
1 |- m. r. a q% z# y/ H
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" F# ^' r G0 o3 n% g/ R3 W [ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- K o6 O0 S7 o v2 p- l6 C) B- | 61. Boycott of social affairs
9 d& L; T& [( r' E# o 62. Student strike( ^ G' x: f' B6 F) s
63. Social disobedience" ~; {, i$ b. S" P9 Y' ]8 q5 y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* _& \# X4 I9 Y; G
( ]6 G& N3 `% H2 K7 }9 fWithdrawal from the Social System
' O" \6 E, r1 `' y 65. Stay-at-home" V) m" w4 A' S/ e* N. q+ M
66. Total personal noncooperation
. _& S& z. \/ t1 J' V& q' Y 67. “Flight” of workers
# f4 t5 j$ O* \6 J 68. Sanctuary( K; _4 L/ d( Q6 r8 l0 J# @
69. Collective disappearance
* O& n9 Y1 s! z5 H' K* | 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 H' O) Q: _9 U; U' C3 Q8 o; R4 b! ?4 I! q' L E, Z5 ^
+ s9 R7 b* K) s2 j1 g) s
1 C8 D* b7 R0 F X. t8 K7 q/ F
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
) e3 B3 b! E) Y# f8 y2 M) a5 |: y: t! Z! V% ?# V' v
& J3 t) q: o$ E& C/ s3 D5 r X
Actions by Consumers6 I' Q" w0 ~. Z# Y
71. Consumers’ boycott j# N( } b) q# \; L& W
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
2 J& R3 e) s- H( ?! n( v5 g 73. Policy of austerity- ^+ c2 D. B$ y: l( J
74. Rent withholding; Q, d% n. A4 p# Z; n
75. Refusal to rent
# Z" q9 v: l' f _8 d* \ 76. National consumers’ boycott
* m0 M8 ]7 o0 h 77. International consumers’ boycott
9 O5 V2 @4 S& M' W- R# I j
* ]0 A8 x# f0 ]2 @Action by Workers and Producers
: I8 R; E5 Z' l4 c* T( v! P9 p 78. Workmen’s boycott
* d$ X7 a8 H; B& } 79. Producers’ boycott
- g, T$ E2 X, n- E+ F7 w
8 d5 d4 Y% Q! h: p9 h# d- Y( P( ]Action by Middlemen3 z* Q3 Q; ~( Z- P
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ @3 v6 O! {' A% `. W
2 D/ k5 L7 q* I2 MAction by Owners and Management
+ z( d1 R( Q3 k2 W3 n( u 81. Traders’ boycott9 n5 T3 _. j: c$ A- m+ I- P/ J
82. Refusal to let or sell property! j4 l4 a0 p5 G
83. Lockout+ e* h: r h% j! t0 d9 Q! B
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- j j9 r% H9 G' Y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, R9 u2 v% ~. j/ y3 I" N5 D
- c9 Y. q1 B: Z5 k6 hAction by Holders of Financial Resources
4 X* S9 O" e" i V* g 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- ~8 y* y2 P1 n6 E! p$ O2 J
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, P& y- a: |+ f. t9 d" f, i8 X& W
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ m) L+ b1 k+ W 89. Severance of funds and credit& l/ R0 H/ B$ y: k9 u6 n% Y2 _
90. Revenue refusal4 C: j+ e) n9 a8 G
91. Refusal of a government’s money- i3 U% e5 z7 d1 B
/ l9 g9 d" G2 |, l1 ?Action by Governments
3 o& _) t5 b% p" _, G+ J% t$ Q3 { 92. Domestic embargo% L9 o- {- g( |
93. Blacklisting of traders
9 R( Z0 A' J2 j 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 m, u6 t! L1 [ 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 a$ s" W. N) M6 y! Q2 @( { 96. International trade embargo
! i$ u1 J2 j$ Z B; W7 U2 I- }. I. K5 ~% Y' d5 i3 v
) U z5 T' u/ j, A
4 k* v# X3 L8 e- B+ STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: ?$ l' q, |9 X4 C: w
+ t8 i! L% u' H . `$ ?% s1 C# \7 d
Symbolic Strikes% W" s& i. {6 Q8 p
97. Protest strike
, ?/ S3 W4 A4 j0 f q, d" Z; T 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): x& L u$ O& a3 E( Y+ C. I+ F' ^
$ P r% I9 x* ^: p% M! U' C$ d5 q, J
Agricultural Strikes' @+ j9 _: I* k% K
99. Peasant strike
" _4 j( z9 W3 C 100. Farm Workers’ strike$ D& @ { U% G3 }2 `( B
, I# n" |9 |+ P- D) V* V! dStrikes by Special Groups. ^4 N3 b6 I8 u3 J% U5 o, c
101. Refusal of impressed labor
, ~; J2 @) q, { 102. Prisoners’ strike/ _* s) v$ }! o
103. Craft strike3 J9 ]8 `- ]- ~: H" D: c! v
104. Professional strike
' W6 ~. W/ O. @, W) ^; b
; \7 v" L4 G0 D" k) BOrdinary Industrial Strikes
?' B" p7 s0 r. v7 n# M+ n 105. Establishment strike$ K4 O' i/ E$ p0 F
106. Industry strike$ ~8 ]& p" m9 P' Z) u s
107. Sympathetic strike
. q& q2 b4 N, b" M! u7 l
- C6 P( {, Y4 Z. r! z- pRestricted Strikes+ J+ ^6 c( V: k& M, r" u
108. Detailed strike
5 v/ u- R; h w" t! r1 O( z3 z 109. Bumper strike
/ ~$ Z t7 N) \* X 110. Slowdown strike( m# |" [5 J3 Z& x' z
111. Working-to-rule strike5 I- t! d+ J- S+ t- v
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) `- L* R" e" N; B0 X5 `
113. Strike by resignation
% o" a4 ?: x9 {( h, ?8 V 114. Limited strike* D4 e- N8 P% K1 C7 ~3 o9 w8 A
115. Selective strike
7 Z! p7 }' [) u9 n3 K
7 W- n% ]7 i* b9 zMulti-Industry Strikes* L5 Z, O" N& L8 \: n) q) @: S
/ b% ?& ^: r. F
116. Generalized strike
+ d- D- C: [: ?: p! F* U1 K
! V. r% R: `4 v: s 117. General strike6 z5 i! R. q* d7 C) ?
x* P" u) X3 n. J. q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 u6 d: g( I( r1 p) T! C0 H: |! Q8 K4 X, f4 k: e
118. Hartal$ l# `1 f/ Y4 P! A; J, [( I; a
; K5 ?; y, I( M7 l9 B- R9 i
119. Economic shutdown
* m# G% R/ y" D' P {3 Y1 f' F* T0 U7 s) I6 ]! ?
$ [. E0 n- {5 T6 r/ a3 A
4 w+ W2 V: A) G6 ]% `: G- s3 ^) u3 VTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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; o9 b! ]& D E8 A/ t5 ?: ARejection of Authority# _2 U! i8 E! R* ?3 p+ Y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
) E. I7 S0 \( g# z 121. Refusal of public support7 L, M" ~ s6 p4 b
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 x% j0 u4 S2 x W6 S: q9 G9 v( a
5 D0 X, ^- P- N* U. J
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 ~/ G0 t, D, e/ S# z, O2 C
123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 W: y% t" p3 y* S
124. Boycott of elections6 W/ u. f5 G2 W
125. Boycott of government employment and positions& {5 q& g7 L7 t% [, s
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ o/ u7 d3 F1 W1 E8 A6 u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) U0 U0 F$ G6 ?1 |. |4 V
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations ]: K3 S+ p( }: t! w
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 \. S, l7 s4 r. e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 O$ \! \2 ?- {; O1 v/ T1 } 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ o9 p0 d" A5 [; S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions1 k, \: Z9 ?5 T" @
7 I W& k, V0 J" I6 j% K! mCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! p& J, l% c! Q8 a0 H; ]4 O# M 133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 [2 U: j. C( ?/ D5 {
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 D* h# u" {& U6 e0 G$ v2 T4 t% P
135. Popular nonobedience
6 c" z6 N1 z4 R* X) L 136. Disguised disobedience7 F( o3 D4 g% p; _. s* j* ]% z- ^7 u
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 `$ b5 f& h# j
138. Sitdown
$ b8 S% E- d# t3 G7 y$ i' }0 j( p 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' ]) Z) i @6 B) v
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
: \6 Z$ g; v, o 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 |8 R- b6 L: K7 s! P3 R
+ `# H' t0 Z) D4 HAction by Government Personnel
+ c0 g, a: V6 Z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
# |2 u% t5 K# N) \1 I. o 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
3 \7 F) c; E1 T' s& K5 \# ? 144. Stalling and obstruction; H' e3 A& `% R# f% e0 d( U
145. General administrative noncooperation
, j2 P( x R2 \% C; b
& x3 N& c; `, {' ?" X 146. Judicial noncooperation l3 l/ A) u4 r* W( L2 E; D- o, x
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 y' t( C/ J9 f/ y 148. Mutiny
, b( F/ t5 n: `Domestic Governmental Action
2 C2 I/ g9 d, `* `- p/ L# { 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; X5 [' ~4 C. J" l 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 f1 W. j7 T# v0 W" ^/ w! A# _5 n8 u m4 l+ r) F
International Governmental Action9 u7 E& ] z2 e/ _! L
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 q3 \+ L. l, q3 I
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
: f8 \6 n: ] D$ d3 t 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 Z7 K" W4 A( _: h
154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 x8 w/ K# H5 ^6 N3 q
155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ l8 D0 i' {& u( F, ]
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 v" F' s, A* @. c9 ? 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 z& J; ~8 d' {3 ^- V% ?/ Y
/ a% _) H7 J6 I$ H6 B1 W2 d
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: I# z0 _& L3 b. l6 m3 A' Y* q
7 X" m, y/ ]& T- {. h: o
" l. K( l2 d0 G) j3 [# K* n- hPsychological Intervention
- E8 m( V; f( E, O" j2 }9 H! ] 158. Self-exposure to the elements6 S) f$ V1 }/ G4 u: m5 Y0 f+ w
159. The fast
( d7 k$ D! o! S a) Fast of moral pressure
* b s# E+ @3 v. E b) Hunger strike L' Y% ?* ?: D- S) b3 ?( p" S$ u5 e
c) Satyagrahic fast/ F: ]- k7 ^ P, [' i5 T' L
160. Reverse trial* k6 ~" h3 h( Q8 ~/ ~
161. Nonviolent harassment! X! {3 d3 s( Z3 H) D
& B+ `* @9 g' G
Physical Intervention
4 T: l F1 u! r- k. _4 b 162. Sit-in7 X- Q9 ~( @0 R; }1 H& \
163. Stand-in
; l2 p' s7 _5 y7 W/ W6 g0 O 164. Ride-in% h, N% B' M( \. q
165. Wade-in
& Y6 j, i9 Z' j( v 166. Mill-in! B! k# { h6 b! g8 O
167. Pray-in7 U* K/ d- N: ~- `
168. Nonviolent raids
, A, X! E6 X3 x8 h 169. Nonviolent air raids
0 I, m4 p4 J2 _' T 170. Nonviolent invasion. W7 L9 d* ]3 g% y! v
171. Nonviolent interjection
/ ~8 {2 I K. g N 172. Nonviolent obstruction
. M p% C: X4 X& L 173. Nonviolent occupation4 g3 Q, W/ e* l( x. J: O1 Q' q
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Social Intervention
5 i* G( H9 Z/ a! |. a 174. Establishing new social patterns7 ]8 `4 j$ w7 }' F1 c
175. Overloading of facilities
) p% i3 Z0 M- |1 h% @ 176. Stall-in% }# w* a% R" t' u
177. Speak-in
+ a" x* N7 r' p. ^ 178. Guerrilla theater
2 I8 P/ F+ q q4 N& i+ h9 G 179. Alternative social institutions
5 L6 \" n6 a1 Y3 ~: u% x- W# Z 180. Alternative communication system, M: w" ~( U5 |! {
9 k3 T/ Z: S' z) v
Economic Intervention
* o8 X- q! A% W7 h. n* T 181. Reverse strike1 q+ @! _0 _0 }& v9 m1 G0 A
182. Stay-in strike9 ~; e/ q# j' k) C. P
183. Nonviolent land seizure: C. m: O U' F( w, P
184. Defiance of blockades8 R# G0 p3 i# Z- T2 G
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 x7 ?/ |6 Y* ~ t; `, e4 [, u 186. Preclusive purchasing
$ v" m0 R: w5 N! w- T$ ` 187. Seizure of assets# H) q" u) V$ g; O) k
188. Dumping7 E& P" T7 w6 M
189. Selective patronage
5 `& s9 u% F p9 d/ b4 w0 P 190. Alternative markets
. N1 H4 U5 ^8 N& W 191. Alternative transportation systems
9 J; @ Z. ~) L4 U" l9 ^" K 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 J2 `4 i$ c7 d% t# ~
% j6 ^; L# r( i1 lPolitical Intervention( n. _7 H5 }; @ W& A4 [# Q+ k
193. Overloading of administrative systems
2 ~+ V/ ^3 h) s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ d" j7 ? u. N: I1 f5 h5 F; p5 Y
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 i1 E9 p- K U 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: c/ j) {$ ]! _; B- N; d# v 197. Work-on without collaboration
4 S' G' q( H# I9 o7 H3 a, Y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
5 c$ H" ^3 t/ i- {/ m/ R/ _9 g9 r F
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
