 鲜花( 94)  鸡蛋( 2)
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深蓝是专为下棋设计的计算机,直接和手机上运行软件相比可能不能体现芯片技术的提高。
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" b- z1 H* d! e$ h A我们可以从棋力相比。可以参考这个关于Elo的统计,卡斯帕罗夫的棋力大致2851。所以看来现在的四核台式电脑借助komodo程序可以打败深蓝,手机版本iPhone也许过两代也可以相比。1 d8 Y( p5 o6 C
http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/index.html
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( G) ^& w4 j g+ y- B! H关于计算能力的另一指标MIPS,有如下芯片的比较。可以看到手机及时是iPhone,和台式机性能总还是有几倍的差别。; R1 }: h+ m- f1 W, I& G
> MIPS Equivalents' r5 S0 a7 D' f6 N. D, Z `
>
, n. ?" o6 \& u4 f7 z> Vax 11/780 = 1 MIPS
2 T4 [$ h6 B: s# R> 10^9 Mind Children b/s = 40 MIPS
/ l; y) y4 `7 {3 s- ]4 Q1 o* x: Y> 1757 Dhrystones = 1 MIPS) Q2 P3 w2 v' ]0 S# T6 C
> 1 Dhrystone 2.1 MIPS = 1 MIPS( L# d4 O! n" M* J( M0 M
> 1 Specmark = 1 MIPS
1 d5 b+ A5 j& w, _* b5 B2 V> 1 Specint92 = 1 MIPS# d7 K: x! T& ?0 p1 E4 f
> 1 Specint95 = 40 MIPS, W8 Z, K7 s' ^( M- F% F
> 1 Specint2000 = 4 MIPS+ M0 t' w: |5 h8 i3 t! C
> 1 MacBench = 0.66 MIPS
# B7 P1 L0 @! r+ o5 s> 1 MacBench 5.0 = 0.58 MIPS 1 S" Q! P. N: d4 H& D- m' N
> 1 MacBogoMIPS = 7.3 MIPS
$ q+ S2 k1 {5 o- q# v" |2 R> 1 MacBogoMIPS Opt. = 1.8 MIPS
$ s4 @8 \; i, P }* q7 h7 c> 1 BYTEmark = 100 MIPS6 K3 }; g/ L* J3 I) s5 ^
> 1 MacWorld Speedmark = 110 MIPS
3 L9 M5 e- L. F9 @$ X" E, q" i> 1 WinScore 2.0 = 3.4 MIPS, I& C: l+ R3 D5 f+ ?
> 1 Sysmark 2002 = 15 MIPS" r9 Q `6 W9 q# M% d% f* Q4 n# s* l: I
> 1 SPECint_base2000 = 5 MIPS4 G: b, L# x/ ^$ ]
> 1 SPECint_rate_base2000 = 431 MIPS
+ T4 b2 T, Z8 Q, j8 t0 G" S> 1 Speedmark 4.5 = 18.5 MIPS
. \9 Z, | d" P5 M- m' {> 1 Cinebench 10 = 3.4 MIPS
$ j( m) q$ Z) f> 1 Cinebench 11.5 = 8000 MIPS! i S' Q% y8 D3 k
> 1 Speedmark 6 = 110 MIPS; }$ o) S) m. w0 s
> 1 Speedmark 6.5 = 130 MIPS
5 i, O% c$ h$ s$ w) g7 J> 1 Geekbench 2 = 5.5 MIPS0 ]6 E A% T! r2 ~$ [" v0 Z
> 1 Geekbench 3 = 13 MIPS
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" P4 q8 h" @: k9 h) A& T> Type & b! d" c# n* Q9 G0 a- V) K6 c
> H Hand (manual calculation)
5 T/ F4 [- |, X6 c> G Gear (mechanical calculator)
8 H' Q1 A4 y8 ^/ H! d& { ^> E Electromechanical
b1 H8 j) e) v/ _- U0 [$ m+ M; j> V Vacuum tube
* N1 N( J7 H1 v1 X2 }, h1 ^> T Transistor) [' \) F$ L" N) }
> C Ceramic (discrete components on small ceramic chip)
8 Y, b1 H6 V, J> I Integrated circuit: W) j. N( k9 P. A5 L* f! V' u1 L% U
> P Processor (integrated microprocessor); [/ ^1 U# p' n5 w
> R RISC processor
" c# r$ v3 s* B3 o) T> M Multiprocessor2 r/ e$ f% p7 s7 G9 M& @
> -+<>{* layout hints for early graph+ }6 l" h# n& A# r* c- l& e8 K2 g" `
>
+ I1 H+ [5 a" o9 E> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS/ Z7 j% Q; p; R8 a3 k: V( O
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By_Hand -<H 1892 8500 9.54e-05 1.19e-080 x+ \$ [: f: R' h3 j
Ohdner G 1891 11000 1.49e-07 3.33e-09
- T- F. }& Z K3 MSteiger_Millionaire G 1900 12000 3.58e-07 1.33e-08: f. a$ |+ |: B
Hollerith G 1908 50000 0.000286 1.85e-087 h! ^% H8 i' q2 S. U( f, V
Analytical_Engine G 1910 1e+06 0.0244 3.77e-071 Q1 b' K$ A" u/ I! \1 H; b
Monroe_Calculator -{G 1911 35000 2.86e-06 2.18e-08
. f* j3 z, \: @' ~: V9 h. a1 cIBM_Tabulator +<G 1919 20000 2.38e-05 4.12e-08
) D" ` T" F% @9 @Torres_Arithmometer E 1920 25000 4.77e-06 3.58e-08
0 E. T$ k& ]5 g& N( _! f9 r6 H0 jNational-Ellis_3000 G 1928 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08
; k9 U# I) Q! k" IBurroughs_Class_16 +G 1929 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08# p& }1 R- Q/ L% a) ?' ^
Zuse-1 -<G 1938 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-08
" }% s* ^- A! TZuse-2 EG 1939 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-07$ ~( N5 C- X5 B+ O* E
BTL_Model_1 E 1939 50000 3.81e-06 2e-06( U+ o: a9 Z% T: o/ l) P
Zuse-3 EG 1941 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06
! ~" H8 m* B/ _+ F* ^, I Q' uBTL_Model_2 E 1943 50000 1.19e-05 1.03e-06
* |! @9 y- j ~ m. WColossus +V 1943 100000 2.38e-06 0.0002245 E6 S2 }, f: u! c7 O+ {
BTL_Model_3 E 1943 200000 4.29e-05 2.83e-06/ a7 }- @3 z5 {, _. o. ^" m( P
ASCC_(Mark_1) -<E 1944 300000 0.000601 2.33e-06
4 _# h, c6 J8 i# o& m `Zuse-4 E 1945 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06! p }- c5 {% {0 J: S
BTL_Model_5 E 1946 500000 0.000147 3.29e-06 W% R ?/ P$ i
ENIAC +V 1946 600000 9.54e-05 0.002893 z% m4 ^) e- j# m. z
Harvard_Mark_2 E 1947 300000 0.000488 6.22e-06
) p9 R. v9 `( V4 N" oIBM_SSEC VE 1948 500000 4.58e-05 0.000597
4 r- d) L: H# r sEDSAC V 1949 100000 0.00214 0.00255
S" p* A [7 H* z* g$ l. n& B1 H/ qSEAC V 1950 800000 0.00549 0.00416( T) T4 J9 F8 ^8 A: Q
UNIVAC_I +V 1951 930000 0.00537 0.00575. q9 \! a6 a% N0 \
Zuse-5 E 1952 100000 0.000244 9.33e-069 W: _* ]8 |0 n. B0 r& [
IBM_CPC VE 1952 100000 0.000154 0.001764 [, I' [/ ~$ g2 |/ ]
IBM_650 ->V 1953 200000 0.00488 0.000966$ @( Q3 ~# \2 M% S4 k8 N
EDVAC V 1954 500000 0.00537 0.0017+ b3 A- |* V$ T
Whirlwind +<V 1955 200000 0.00391 0.0694
( w" c0 M$ Z0 s" n, F8 x" cIBM_704 +V 1955 2e+06 0.0352 0.05368 X6 V* t; T/ p8 u4 S- X, y
Librascope_LGP-30 V 1956 50000 0.0159 0.000701
% k' J/ i. C$ b' k. j2 YIBM_7090 +>T 1959 3e+06 0.141 0.326
' x4 a! ~# u: ~- CIBM_1620 -T 1960 200000 0.0122 0.001031 R8 }8 f2 F+ x! P2 v8 l$ t4 Q
DEC_PDP-1 T 1960 150000 0.0176 0.1245 Y" q4 F0 J5 m! [
Atlas T 1961 5e+06 0.0234 1.45 Y3 |, x) j) b* _- d
Burroughs_5000 ->T 1962 1e+06 0.0254 0.09892 h w( P( r1 c! d; U0 h
IBM_7040 -T 1963 560000 0.07 0.063& F9 j6 x. h: }, A- I% x
Honeywell_1800 T 1963 1400000 0.093 0.15. [4 j$ |) b" {* S
DEC_PDP-6 T 1964 300000 0.0703 0.169
' {! F! v% k9 D" q, K5 ?3 _CDC_6600 T 1964 5e+06 4 8.76
% n( Q' v8 S! P, N& t, UIBM_1130 +{C 1965 50000 0.0156 0.159 G7 U! }$ a9 c; \" i+ E% z
IBM_360/75 -C 1966 5e+06 8 2.54
# _) r. x% f5 X3 d+ b4 G$ wIBM_360/65 C 1967 3e+06 4 1.24
: q# O: q% p* c/ [- ~DEC_PDP-10 +I 1968 500000 0.562 0.655
: x% t! a+ C9 q; ?7 j; G8 eCDC_7600 +T 1969 1e+07 8 25.7
0 o; ]5 v& E: FDG_Nova ->I 1969 7600 0.008 0.11755 K! X, a p% n: m
GE-635 T 1970 2e+06 0.5 0.649
. Q1 c6 m# T$ Z5 P/ U0 p( tSDS_920 -T 1971 100000 0.25 0.1055 u2 }8 h) |' r7 j% B5 w# R
IBM_360/195 C 1972 8e+06 0.5 17.34 E2 D6 s9 m$ _
Honeywell_700 I 1972 12000 0.031 0.075
4 X. _; W/ N' O2 m7 qPrime_Computer_100 I 1973 8500 0.031 0.36* l* b4 d' C9 _, C% O) M' e
IBM-370/168 I 1974 2e+06 1 8.887 j* n* ~+ J7 g) s) ]* O, _
MITS_Altair P 1974 500 0.00024 0.010 y! D: _: }6 v' O: c
DG_Eclipse +I 1975 50000 0.25 0.47
4 r/ V" a3 p6 p! G4 \, |DEC-KL-10 -I 1975 500000 4.5 2.3' y+ ^; h9 H' }3 a8 ]
DEC_PDP-11/70 I 1976 150000 0.125 0.4
+ e: E) X' z, O3 M* p$ K/ XCray-1 I 1976 1e+07 32 150
: C0 r1 J5 k2 r" JApple_II +P 1977 1300 0.0039 0.02
" r: w- o2 E. `! g6 F- P8 g% ADEC_VAX_11/780 -<P 1977 200000 8 1.0
9 y/ h ^) ]; ZTRS-80 P 1977 2000 0.015 0.04+ w9 E- J+ N4 @( w
Commodore_PET I 1977 1500 0.008 0.06/ b% @$ u& D+ t G; n
CDC_IPL I 1978 500000 1 7.5
! j: [+ @; ~, {' `% p4 ?3 _Nanodata_VMX200 I 1979 300000 2 2.10 O$ |4 k- p- m* k4 L
TRS-80_M3 P 1980 1200 0.015 0.04
: B3 Z; L: u0 o2 h; W9 xSun-1 P 1980 30000 1 0.484
3 J' F. k7 [7 T# D! K- u! e, @; ICDC_Cyber-205 I 1981 9e+06 16 73.2" j/ v( i+ e/ ^3 `
Vic_20 P 1981 279 0.005 0.04& ^ w) `- ~8 U2 o! d
IBM_PC +<P 1982 3500 0.0635 0.238
0 I% M( v# d! _: d" @2 Y# v g' C$ Y" mSun-2 +<P 1982 20000 2 0.741
9 {! ~2 \4 q/ Y5 u9 w8 q) i1 TCommodore_64 +P 1982 500 0.0825 0.2- K/ v* F$ ]5 D! l: x& x
TRS-80_M4 P 1983 1000 0.0635 0.2# i+ U8 _% J" B) t
Vax_11/750 -<P 1983 50000 4 0.799! Q9 ^! \! v) f+ S x$ \$ |
Macintosh-128K +<P 1984 2500 0.125 0.52! O h4 y7 z% w$ L a
Vax_11/785 P 1984 200000 0.0156 2.26% o, t/ A; o( S5 h4 ~! }
Cray-2/4 M 1985 1e+07 1.95e+03 824/ r6 r/ ?/ Y9 m3 p
L.Edge_XT-7.16 P 1985 1995 0.25 0.26( G% `/ q: H- r j; |
Atari_800XL P 1985 850 0.64 0.165# W% _' {, j. \" j6 a y# ]8 O# u
Sun-3 -<P 1986 10000 4 2.057 [5 |/ X+ E$ o |8 Y& ~5 R6 A& B
DEC_VAX_8650 P 1986 125000 16 7.71. [$ R& n% c( g" x! k
MIT_XT-8 P 1986 500 0.25 0.534- e1 H+ ?( f9 s/ y2 a
Mac_II +P 1987 3000 2 2.5$ s) L/ O% X4 l7 {
Sun-4 R 1987 10000 16 1.878 H; r2 F" H/ o# h
Mac-IIx P 1988 9295 4 3.9- C9 q7 v+ X: x* ]2 J
CompuAdd_386-16 P 1988 2095 1 2.8% `& N: i& v" o; t% t7 J3 `. Y; J
PC_Brand_386-25 P 1988 2450 1 4.3
7 ?! l) f# L( `Wang_VS_10000 P 1989 510000 16 103
: D# S* H8 j: ], p% [' H& pMacintosh_SE30 P 1989 6495 5 3.96 w: v) B3 t& l( `
Solbourne_5/500 P 1989 50000 2 25.5
" q; Y, }' Z" Q5 S- |0 XStardent_3000 P 1990 89000 32 27.3' G, Z$ O6 s. t1 l5 T
Dell_320LX P 1990 2900 1 12.5* { O4 _8 ]/ U$ t! s
Mac_IIfx -P 1990 9869 4 10.0
, H1 G) W0 X8 }3 aAmiga_3000 P 1990 3300 2 12.50 w4 a" c) D% k: M' x
Gateway-486DX2/66 +P 1991 3900 8 30.9* F! R5 Y' X" p5 q% x
ACT_468/33 P 1991 3400 4 21.8$ f; F9 X0 Q2 i$ m
Mac-Quadra-900 P 1991 3299 8 22.0* w9 @8 D# Y$ H. q/ }! g. \
AST_Bravo P 1992 1400 2 12.9" R! G* F7 X( z$ h$ d: C' h
IBM_PS/2_55-041 P 1992 2000 4 10.66 [( M1 Q7 a2 c6 C1 ?5 V
NEC_Powermate P 1992 4800 4 21.83 p" y' g b2 C1 j' s8 a. M
IBM_Valuepoint P 1993 3600 4 26.1
) G4 u8 a8 n" M3 n% QAcer_Power P 1993 3500 4 44.5/ x, ~8 J/ R3 d: ?$ O) K) M
DECpc_LPv P 1993 2900 4 16.6/ k3 T6 y# ~2 O$ k8 c. [+ z
IBM_433/DX/Si P 1994 1800 4 26.1/ G4 H+ _' b* j3 N
Gateway_2000_486 P 1994 1000 2 16.2 }4 p& u" V; M% `, q
PowerMac_7100/66 R 1994 2899 8 1006 W$ B5 _6 P7 U. b5 I0 ]
PowerMac_8500/120 R 1995 3999 16 180
7 H# y* }8 j9 ~* r: `3 K3 J6 J+ tPowerMac_9500/132 R 1995 5299 16 200) Y0 w, k( S# e9 ~0 F2 a" e
Intel_Xpress/60 R 1995 2000 8 70, ]5 d; O* u! L; J# g$ ] q# t
Gateway_P5-75 P 1996 2000 16 92# N, {- m0 G6 i( r! ^
Power_Tower_180e *R 1996 3295 16 3006 @$ z+ S& H3 @
PowerMac_7600/132 R 1996 2999 16 160
' W/ ]5 _" P* JGateway_G6-200 *P 1997 2949 64 350! L6 A+ j, P+ k/ X
Power_Center_210 R 1997 2500 32 375/ v$ w( ]0 _8 l/ ` ~7 ~
Mac_G3/266 R 1997 2000 32 500: H) E" c8 {, y8 Q& q
iMac_G3/233 *R 1998 1300 32 450
# _. R5 [0 N$ \AcerPower8000/450B P 1998 2250 128 475
2 }) s% U, p3 ^5 I% t+ tMac_G3/333 R 1998 2300 64 650
: \2 I1 e( W6 S1 ~Pentium_II/455 *P 1999 2000 64 750# h/ E& [! p( o- {6 k! i9 n, p
Pentium_III/500 R 1999 2500 128 820
- m; I, D) f* y$ [& ^6 NMac_G4/450 *R 1999 2500 128 856
7 ~. T- c0 j* q: W) |0 VIBM_ASCI_White *M 2000 110e6 4e6 10e6: h7 u3 F. W' j
Sony_Playstation_II *R 2000 300 32 6000
1 ^6 M7 j1 z2 d" p5 B7 OMac_G4/500_dual *M 2000 3500 256 15009 w2 h- i5 k. g# o% U
CerfCube R 2001 500 32 230
( K; A5 P1 O5 wMac_G4/867 R 2001 2500 128 1300$ H% V4 C" `1 r! ]
Dell_Workst_340/2G P 2001 3000 256 3320
) A f' X, X7 |5 Z+ WiMac_G4/700 R 2002 1600 256 1100
4 S4 l/ q% `* P9 _* JDell_Workst_340/2.5 P 2002 2500 256 4500
9 O. Q+ v8 O# dAthlon_XP_2.6GHz P 2002 3000 256 4144, \$ S1 M& y( i) a" ]9 h, Z+ P
Mac_G4/Dual-1.25GHz M 2003 2000 512 2500' i4 I2 Z1 K8 n$ \% S/ g8 t
Dell_D_8300_P4/3.0 P 2003 2500 2048 44391 J. h# W' `7 U* D; t1 t
Mac_G5/Dual-2.0 M 2003 3500 1536 7413) J5 L+ `! E+ j3 j- V! d7 H/ V
Dell_P4-530_3.0 P 2004 1200 512 5100
w' Y* r1 L* O; x" vMac_G5/Dual-2.5 M 2004 3500 2048 100000 w) @) z2 V3 T5 ^
VAtech_SysX_2.3G M 2004 6e6 4.5e6 20e6
k: ?& b+ Y1 V$ C! eAthlon64_FX55-2.6 P 2004 2000 1024 6800
( o7 w% k' O: H _' hMac_Mini_G4-1.25 P 2005 500 256 1850
. n* S, B1 t9 x+ [$ U3 k6 TOpteron_252-2.6 M 2005 1500 1024 7000; y. ?. E( C# x1 B
Mac_G5/Quad-2.5 M 2005 3500 2048 24000
; N! h( L. C' i4 @% giMac-Core_Duo_2.0x2 M 2006 1700 512 15000( N* z7 p1 j$ Q, a$ p) X
Mac_Pro_Xeon_2.66x4 M 2006 2500 1024 30000
, y7 E6 _/ ]0 m1 X# yMac_Mini_Duo_1.83x2 M 2006 800 512 90000 R! e4 f9 l5 N4 q/ {4 ?& @
Mac_Pro/2_3GHzx8 M 2007 4000 2048 50000
" K* L. e% @6 P. H$ L; ySun_Blackbox M 2007 5e5 1e6 5e6
# }6 r" r, X! I7 c: {3 \' _IBM_Blue_Gene/P M 2007 13e5 2e6 14e6! u, y/ X" L4 @7 \0 c9 A+ |* F
Mac_Pro/2.8GHzx8 M 2008 3500 4096 60000
& \6 m) ~1 w% u. [! }: M1 o$ d' HIBM_Roadrunner(LANL) M 2008 133e6 100e6 1e9
`9 V9 w, b; A, w9 T" } O# j5 R) hCray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2008 100e6 400e6 1e9 D) l. W8 ?6 m
Mac_Mini_Duo_2x2 M 2009 600 1024 11000+ [& O9 P8 p1 x% c
Acer_Aspire_X1700 M 2009 480 4096 10000
4 c. P. J7 e! B) SMac_Nehalem_2.66x8 M 2009 4500 8192 780002 _) {& y' i5 L: N- D5 I
Cray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2010 100e6 400e6 1.75e95 y. k8 S: i) A- G! j
Mac_Westmere_2.93x12 M 2010 7000 16384 121000; g/ P$ I5 l- R6 M3 |
Tianhe-1A(China) M 2010 100e6 262e6 2.67e96 _/ K( a7 c2 a4 u3 U) l0 R7 I
iPad-2 P 2011 500 512 1600
: g( T/ q; Y' siMac_21_i5_2.5x4 M 2011 1200 4096 40000
( i2 M# n7 c! ]! E4 y/ Z! k+ F" yMacBook_Pro_15_2.2x4 M 2011 1200 4096 51000
* a% V$ @2 l% @. WFujitsu_K_Computer M 2012 1e9 1e9 10e9
+ k6 L5 b! c/ J: fRaspberry_Pi P 2012 25 256 1000; m. Z; c8 n5 ~. g5 T8 s$ E
iPad-2012 M 2012 600 1024 4150$ x/ U1 e0 U( y- O7 B u
iPhone-5C M 2013 500 1024 9210
/ N% z; z/ X" k1 i5 S, }- e* t: r# MiPhone-5S M 2013 600 1024 18200
9 W/ Z8 g% a6 U# NMacBookAir-11(2013) M 2013 1100 4096 58240
4 M S/ G/ J7 ^9 Z, F9 _2 zMacBookAir-11(2014) M 2014 900 4096 62153
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> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS1 V) V3 B# p& L% t* n5 I3 c5 l3 O+ H
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