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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 ! k: [) g& }9 P( j9 a) e
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( y9 V1 W$ |& jCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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8 c, y( o1 [; T& p9 q* e- w, G$ ?Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.( _( z8 Q7 e( p5 C
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.2 I4 v3 y9 h ^6 h1 {- G- Y0 i
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
9 m2 Y i6 S* v" c; h7 rCurrently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts." ^$ j6 Y: E2 y) ^$ H9 z
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
. r* q+ z. S; a. W4 Z0 l& A- gThe country codes used are :1 j; z* Y* R$ H/ v+ a; }
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CODE \COUNTRY
$ B5 B9 d3 F" [( B1 d00-13 USA & Canada
9 S4 O! |- m& ^20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)* P6 V4 x% N" t0 s
30-37 France
5 D- x- W# z5 H. T1 W) i% K+ ?380 Bulgaria
0 J# D* g- a, n* i383 Slovenia8 s1 _( U9 r$ W K; k
385 Croatia' q# H0 Z# u! t: N% n$ X8 a: L
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina$ v! W+ Q" S. Y0 t4 M ]) q
400-440 Germany
( ~: W G3 _6 Z- \ q6 s0 F45 Japan3 |. F1 x5 E2 z$ ~# Z' ^, d2 m, e
46 Russian Federation
9 B# F4 _; q2 y, P& x& _( }! t, q+ i g. }471 Taiwan2 ~& a+ A( \: S
474 Estonia
# N$ ?* L* e" d7 l( Q, @) }/ H: X475 Latvia
( X; a" c1 l5 I; g% T" y+ J476 Azerbaijan
( V) n6 u, G! f/ h! U- x0 y/ ~477 Lithuania
8 X( S( F/ u* }. X; w4 q478 Uzbekistan* x) {% b! R" s
479 Sri Lanka* s- c) C( k/ B& p6 q
480 Philippines
% b. m" T# L, b; [# B- E. c481 Belarus
& L: n0 u+ h: l6 U1 P0 q# ]4 J, D5 z482 Ukraine
8 L, s2 v/ s1 w- a) F8 L( g2 n484 Moldova; l4 M8 o$ ?( c
485 Armenia. c. J$ x. Q$ F7 X, R- i; ?
486 Georgia
- l4 m2 r# J+ ^3 p- G1 h487 Kazakhstan+ d/ F* }! E6 _( q( J- I
489 Hong Kong+ B% E4 V4 c2 K+ N2 j$ D0 U/ N9 [
49 Japan- n9 V" g+ z6 i* k' D+ J' `5 A
50 UK
9 K& Z! y; A/ t1 ^) v2 d520 Greece3 x: o* h9 a& \
528 Lebanon, q4 \+ R3 n; S" Q! m
529 Cyprus
% [# a/ @6 Y6 `6 W" `5 Z7 m1 `531 Macedonia
9 b) V! y g H7 A" c6 p8 m" E* K2 r535 Malta' l* ~# H8 a! W
539 Ireland! M- b6 p* Q9 w* G* k' K$ r
54 Belgium & Luxembourg2 {* c X: l4 e7 Y. u: t( V( v3 {) D G
560 Portugal
/ o4 n. {) B- u+ M& v( A6 m* F, Q569 Iceland# A* P& |, x3 T& s
57 Denmark+ C7 }" z) h T* \5 u
590 Poland8 Z: n+ Z& x0 c; I T" [2 X# `% z
594 Romania
4 S0 Q% C* H8 y) G7 k599 Hungary
) H7 C0 Y, m7 y0 M2 t& X600-601 South Africa9 P* A$ C1 ~. Y3 a
609 Mauritius6 S3 W% Q8 l+ Y& I/ W0 N; I/ C
611 Morocco# @ C* Y2 a3 a: R% |
613 Algeria9 I# e/ R+ Z5 x/ R% M% q
619 Tunisia
, G4 o) i+ t# y& L4 T3 m0 B, o621 Syria
1 R8 D5 @1 i0 U. E$ R3 E, o. ?1 b622 Egypt
/ ]" |1 t, A& E624 Libya
, Q: \: a, H( f9 E1 q625 Jordan+ g' M( ]- \, Y0 @. E p* v
626 Iran0 J) s/ ?* M# s2 R3 y9 m
627 Kuwait9 s' T( s. S3 F1 C4 L
628 Saudi Arabia
1 I; @8 e4 v: x% [* `% x7 Q629 United Arab Emirates+ X [1 ~7 R9 ]: D, @
64 Finland3 {9 r4 Y+ L7 j! A1 R: J8 ]
690-692 China
8 x: K$ S ?( F70 Norway
2 P0 Y/ @" Z, T% o& ]729 Israel4 g5 m9 \ O3 H) W. ]
73 Sweden' _- v3 _4 [7 A n& ~# Z
740 Guatemala
8 A4 ]# X5 {0 F5 p" u& z9 r741 El Salvador
4 t7 k9 h& [# w( P; n742 Honduras
" |% l" ]7 K+ u+ O* G5 Q; w743 Nicaragua+ j: P6 H& I/ ]7 V6 A4 Y. R
744 Costa Rica
, \6 _2 j0 _# ]! s$ i6 A7 V+ m1 Y745 Panama1 Z1 m+ \' ^4 T0 ]" X8 t
746 Dominican Republic- S2 J. G& K4 r, B
750 Mexico" n- R; B& B- `4 q/ J
759 Venezuela
0 H+ g* V, I# A3 Y76 Switzerland
$ a& Y3 H# @1 @+ k3 y4 d770 Colombia
. U; z& w, I5 ^# e773 Uruguay0 _( B5 ^, I4 W. D% l: H9 Q
775 Peru
* K0 k% s2 v# N4 l2 t* E: s9 H777 Bolivia) _0 J. `" M0 m
779 Argentina8 Q# h2 _" t" G5 w9 y
780 Chile) B/ w$ D. n( H& T% C7 k$ m
784 Paraguay& S. a0 w& y# Q# e+ P: i
785 Peru6 J: c" Y6 a6 s
786 Ecuador
* z2 `' b* v5 j: U a' n* V789 Brazil; M8 S! @7 {8 k
80-83 Italy' Z, O n7 F& H; F& ?. W' b
84 Spain- c7 o4 ?2 l6 v' t' Y+ B
850 Cuba
) H1 Y; I% \0 G& G. U, K858 Slovakia% B7 E g9 ^! [+ ^
859 Czech Republic3 q( J; G4 w; q0 ]7 w! A$ l
860 Serbia & Montenegro! n. A* p- B: v3 D
869 Turkey
# S9 S4 o8 n7 _' l: W1 ^) }87 Netherlands
7 E- N/ i6 _9 T; h5 X$ F# B( ]880 South Korea
# F# t; H6 [* C/ E k) b# y885 Thailand4 a, |1 V/ } Y6 s. T; |* ]
888 Singapore, r- n/ @' H5 r/ m
890 India+ I8 E: A, {, v/ p/ e
893 Vietnam; N2 H# A9 @0 v5 f# g f
899 Indonesia$ E) D; D9 D/ z. x# a, B7 m. K
90 -91 Austria- ^: J* M" Q8 {) H: G
93 Australia1 ]. y- c! x: ^% G \& a: [/ {
94 New Zealand) L" l/ t$ W {7 S; P4 s
955 Malaysia3 {4 Y: l# j7 v, j! L7 O- b& t
958 Macau
' N0 [2 N; ^" }1 W. E. K977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)5 R9 `8 a; g2 ~- t2 b& O
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number); c9 q/ c; K' E6 U% @: x$ n4 j, K
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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8 _; G3 C& n) x% i- [1 ?" KMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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