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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 ! L. S( ~0 b5 ?5 j" j" p5 I! a
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' ~: c, `; P* L/ K% V# w- iCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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+ `2 \8 y8 V/ F5 WBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.6 Y& o$ A7 X+ U
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.) P. h+ K, }5 m1 {
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.) n2 O2 @5 }& ?: i. z/ f$ Q
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.% T" j7 A, M4 p% z- x, L, D
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
5 z, g% A% J9 V0 W1 @! UThe country codes used are :
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1 B$ `; o3 D$ n2 x7 }( X6 UCODE \COUNTRY
; W* U0 k7 V; e00-13 USA & Canada! |" W+ s V6 l
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
3 z' ?3 o0 l9 q' K30-37 France2 o0 {& X" `, S7 m5 s+ s- I
380 Bulgaria1 o( x" e# K4 B9 u# ^1 M0 r% r
383 Slovenia1 b5 U9 k7 p C5 ^5 |- G& F
385 Croatia
8 l( Q6 q/ B# O) E# I387 Bosnia-Herzegovina9 T' U) H: I: \. b2 v- p0 a) L
400-440 Germany
% O5 o' Q+ ^0 e% v* B45 Japan
( j" @2 F* u0 q% E. b2 C46 Russian Federation
9 n7 I, q- f+ N1 q5 V9 ~' G8 s# N471 Taiwan
; d5 |/ c3 O8 S6 m F474 Estonia- y7 N7 o9 L% R) [9 m
475 Latvia
8 z, `- D+ f+ w) c: w! p- G476 Azerbaijan
1 h( L. _' [8 p+ ]477 Lithuania
' ~: m7 g2 k8 O8 E478 Uzbekistan1 e$ G+ S) S9 Q4 p
479 Sri Lanka4 A. a1 I- E8 m
480 Philippines
- r; a3 b$ ^8 Z2 k% R/ q481 Belarus: N' t' p* S* Z2 m. M; P$ W& }
482 Ukraine
# v: q" |, Y I' L5 t484 Moldova
' A! ]# i# G* n. R! B485 Armenia
* E4 y$ g0 {7 [* R$ O9 ^$ U486 Georgia
' h" W. O& N- {& u7 U+ O# y487 Kazakhstan
# `% @6 u2 B2 X/ P6 E; A& d489 Hong Kong2 b" R" {3 t5 r) w, l0 ? ], f& m! P
49 Japan9 W+ [; t( b; l1 S+ A0 U5 q
50 UK
( u8 O" a! |. D% f% J" o520 Greece1 a' J& z' @3 H3 B6 s: a
528 Lebanon
2 a' x9 ?( Q2 @529 Cyprus3 G; K* n3 W5 o% O4 c/ S$ R4 U
531 Macedonia
1 T' b a# y1 M, l% W! [; J8 _535 Malta! _/ \0 k3 ]# ^0 S' D! ~- w) l: b2 d
539 Ireland* _& [. ?6 R: b. F8 B [: h
54 Belgium & Luxembourg, C9 v" h; K. p
560 Portugal& I" C- u0 B* H6 W" I+ ?$ W
569 Iceland
! j3 e: f$ ]- {. P3 c. u57 Denmark
+ |6 m( I6 O v( l$ V2 L590 Poland. W5 N' V; G2 W5 w1 d7 k" n
594 Romania$ m) Y4 g+ J! A) t. o1 |9 y3 B8 l
599 Hungary ]7 P1 H+ Q; q) }
600-601 South Africa! s% D% \" ?1 G. {
609 Mauritius
7 P/ q1 ]6 N" ~: T611 Morocco
$ q) O( h. g5 l& `' N613 Algeria% l: @% V$ P" r' F% B/ Y: s
619 Tunisia
+ X1 m- G6 M6 o. H$ ]; D621 Syria j1 _: s6 ^+ J) C2 ?; l
622 Egypt1 R o7 J& W1 J+ J& }+ P
624 Libya& E4 |1 A; U' A# t; p" h* {1 w3 ?* X% C
625 Jordan* H5 K4 _- D8 ]6 N4 e
626 Iran# g# }7 }! D" h
627 Kuwait
5 K1 ]# T" l7 j- x0 ]$ D( V) I! ^628 Saudi Arabia4 e3 X) `+ T! @3 b( Y3 a1 _6 v
629 United Arab Emirates
0 s* r: {0 O/ X, a4 N6 p& Q2 K9 {64 Finland$ Q( ^' m! z4 ^8 }2 J
690-692 China0 C) B9 ~ {+ f7 Q6 O
70 Norway2 u' ]: H+ N8 R3 w# e% c" C
729 Israel
2 E, G" C' c! O( e0 c73 Sweden; |8 K5 n1 I/ s0 t1 t8 i6 B$ O8 ^; q
740 Guatemala
+ ?! x2 Y& q/ w6 t8 k741 El Salvador' Q3 G% G' ?5 Y* l
742 Honduras
# L O, }* V- v( t/ l6 Y3 v$ F1 V743 Nicaragua
: l- S) I. Z. S( r E/ E: a [744 Costa Rica
, R: j( ?1 C- P745 Panama
0 N7 ]6 _0 P' [2 J" Z8 `746 Dominican Republic
; \- ]& e }4 f; W5 q750 Mexico
0 w& W. x0 z; J) R; ?& e T759 Venezuela8 M6 K' f7 N4 |8 ?" q+ B1 j( @3 y
76 Switzerland, [$ O( L9 E% X9 T( @; a4 w. g
770 Colombia
/ |: n( \ a9 h, k' |0 `4 K& a773 Uruguay
3 `6 ?1 ^8 @ t( C; R775 Peru
4 {9 O( a( C- f& [777 Bolivia
' e, O5 p' q) C# m# L: [$ p779 Argentina9 B0 Q3 V9 p" O/ a) N" ^( p% {
780 Chile, N: ?! x0 l4 O3 z1 R# N) p
784 Paraguay
9 T/ e1 y0 O' `5 c# w785 Peru
2 E$ D( \% v1 u3 f8 o+ c! x9 Q786 Ecuador" r) g2 Z2 ^$ _' ^
789 Brazil
8 X6 s* |- Z) E: f7 ~8 G n- a% c80-83 Italy& \& P" o7 N4 ~' M0 g
84 Spain0 @* y& W; I: U7 d
850 Cuba
, C% R) J G O# g& r858 Slovakia
8 P0 I4 v; P. j& Z859 Czech Republic
0 w9 U! ~ A6 }0 x( p7 g2 q860 Serbia & Montenegro
4 [9 b& z; ~: u869 Turkey& L; j2 s* P& c
87 Netherlands: R0 \. f% s& d S9 {8 R
880 South Korea
3 @# l. m! T& ]$ g, n- b- r885 Thailand
, Z5 v% E4 u- S- y9 j) y0 ]888 Singapore% W; d5 E( E% o- H d s
890 India
5 S% f% u* b! q" x% C; w893 Vietnam4 N+ s/ O! F) t$ j2 B
899 Indonesia2 [( \$ z, F, k1 p( h/ Y
90 -91 Austria
1 c) D* D! `$ S" b( r93 Australia
" \ Y/ B; H- x2 q; i2 q& k* l94 New Zealand% u# N& F$ M# Q% Z/ G
955 Malaysia3 h) I3 M- v' z4 n, T7 N3 ?: Q
958 Macau+ s' T5 O$ R1 g7 Q" d
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
( v8 f; S! O8 `- }" c9 n! i978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)' N* C5 T, @9 Y+ z7 f
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)4 F, g2 T* T1 s
3 w- ^: c. V) `! }8 g8 LMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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