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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 " F5 L! Q% u1 F
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M& n0 T6 _5 {4 eCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?0 y+ H( t( S- ^/ l: Y7 U
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
0 p% R1 E- G0 f8 b4 X+ mBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
" l- ]$ D# P) W5 R& H7 rThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.- z& N) U/ e5 _' l' G* O
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
/ U% e% e/ }! u( |# z" f! sThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.2 F* ]. V- t/ n/ f. J6 g; `6 H
The country codes used are :
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n& }3 |% e5 A) p$ I- i9 H5 C wCODE \COUNTRY
0 r2 a; p0 d+ O; H$ t5 E: y! z/ Z) }00-13 USA & Canada0 X3 E3 X2 W* {/ ?: j& v/ I
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)$ |3 g' {* I# `/ N! B
30-37 France
( u# E1 Z4 ^' R, k380 Bulgaria
4 L2 g; T4 l+ j8 l/ }383 Slovenia
2 Q7 {$ Z9 k6 L% b385 Croatia. \! i6 Q6 h& u/ f( {
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina' S: r+ X! H q5 i% _
400-440 Germany4 c( o5 d9 U, W8 O3 ~
45 Japan8 E9 g3 C# h0 c, ]7 _6 G6 R e& K
46 Russian Federation
- Z: y/ s6 C; R) u9 v7 ]471 Taiwan
" q2 r+ L) a5 T5 d( l7 ?: L474 Estonia6 G1 b7 ^0 t/ W: |% B
475 Latvia- ]& q$ o3 Q! J# v4 H6 U! l
476 Azerbaijan4 I3 j2 ~: [. r D+ f4 s
477 Lithuania G. l6 V$ t% {' T
478 Uzbekistan* t1 }2 G2 P* {3 X& g/ z
479 Sri Lanka
( A6 w- s) H( w0 R480 Philippines+ U4 C. F/ J* `) V8 h/ e
481 Belarus" V: t: l; N9 h2 n8 `: c
482 Ukraine
$ y, Z2 I) C; g484 Moldova
) L' @5 l6 k5 e- i# E. x, z485 Armenia/ P; O- w0 N" a) |& ^( }' ]( `
486 Georgia
0 O( }( J1 x! u487 Kazakhstan
6 y. B0 u! R8 q) x: V. X0 G' t: `489 Hong Kong
7 \4 N/ @( J0 g! ?- {, k$ F% p49 Japan) f! `" N5 K" {1 D
50 UK! g5 a+ [2 T2 E1 ]
520 Greece
9 x3 ]( T* ]$ z- F528 Lebanon7 X& k- J9 q7 j2 x- @5 c/ h
529 Cyprus i: e1 p2 a; z- j
531 Macedonia
/ m, Q1 i* S1 X7 ~# ^3 c- U535 Malta) @( ~) A a' l0 e: L
539 Ireland! W {9 M3 r; R) R0 D2 @
54 Belgium & Luxembourg
% v. B7 N& y5 t2 ^* V$ T/ r, K) x560 Portugal4 P2 [$ h+ ~, Q
569 Iceland/ O8 }8 N. _0 J8 l% [) Z8 \
57 Denmark ?1 U$ ?, x3 n4 }
590 Poland
& R- G9 L; L ], H. A594 Romania" }3 S: C/ M) W/ T
599 Hungary
9 C, Q$ b! }" H. Z& f6 A5 t; g0 N600-601 South Africa1 r( n3 d+ i. s$ Q$ a& A7 f2 k
609 Mauritius
% H! ~: C! U9 P611 Morocco- `. u4 k& ~) U, Q& ~
613 Algeria
1 y! P; D1 b$ ]/ n2 {7 r619 Tunisia
) E# Q% `0 B4 ?0 `- i8 l0 G# }2 I621 Syria" H: N" _0 E: @3 y8 \6 F9 c3 {$ ?
622 Egypt
1 c$ R- m- M, J5 a. S2 F624 Libya+ X" y& R+ _0 \1 k$ g0 b
625 Jordan
) a! O( R9 c/ l+ O; F, Q626 Iran
$ b; ~3 v1 |3 \4 ]627 Kuwait
& Q2 F3 A# h* l) _6 h3 @628 Saudi Arabia
- t4 E4 W" |$ K! {1 C0 M629 United Arab Emirates* E* ?! R" j. H- Q, x
64 Finland
2 z& A! T# k2 k' w& j690-692 China
, w" M3 c1 f4 @& ~70 Norway
3 V8 q6 W) A4 S729 Israel1 |2 ?9 B, G( b) s, S
73 Sweden
3 p2 p2 P4 R4 t( I Y740 Guatemala
. v. T2 `: d7 c! |/ n741 El Salvador0 i0 J6 w6 |* I
742 Honduras, v: _$ d9 J" B3 D
743 Nicaragua2 ~( n. i* W% U1 a
744 Costa Rica' {2 f: v2 o$ W/ k
745 Panama
) s+ p. r! }- m0 G0 t% w( q746 Dominican Republic5 k# \; \3 V* ~; z8 P1 C: s
750 Mexico S: c6 K4 W. F& N& x% R
759 Venezuela$ W' c" k6 g: R; ?
76 Switzerland
9 Z# V; S0 U4 ]( Y' B/ i" o& `770 Colombia6 ^- t( ~* I# u
773 Uruguay
& A" b" O. S* F$ J' c775 Peru
% A% r. N3 r4 O% f: C2 o! r. L1 g777 Bolivia6 A0 ?' M* ~, Z4 y. }2 b4 z
779 Argentina8 b, l! m, b+ x& O9 \& p
780 Chile; x0 r; N: g. L. u, y- V9 e: u0 r
784 Paraguay
3 u! d+ d5 Y) A3 z785 Peru3 G! M$ R0 R, _. O6 Q u
786 Ecuador
* ^5 K" D" U1 n8 {; }789 Brazil* d: r! {- l: d
80-83 Italy Y; r* G7 O$ a; K" B
84 Spain4 M8 ?6 E* p/ ]' J) f
850 Cuba/ U7 s7 G: C4 Y3 r
858 Slovakia
9 b. I$ I% ]4 m* ~) }& b+ y859 Czech Republic
5 B/ F; B X" w- b& i' V9 ]860 Serbia & Montenegro
. I5 h/ Q$ m- z; u& o869 Turkey
v: [0 u5 A- S+ Y( e m6 D87 Netherlands9 H2 M* A: d+ R+ p% H: m- J1 C
880 South Korea
4 e: X3 c" p& e) p% E0 p885 Thailand2 Y* W) X0 Z8 f
888 Singapore
# k7 o0 g1 x: P7 Z- l% r3 e! w890 India( t/ g9 h \& t; ?' b3 t5 \# ^" `
893 Vietnam
1 ]8 z# Y) q/ W2 h7 N899 Indonesia& A E! a5 |" H' v$ f
90 -91 Austria
0 e0 }3 q' ^4 h6 ?93 Australia
+ r2 A, \) U: ~8 o# _2 F' h94 New Zealand; L- j' m# C( T3 s) h6 l% w
955 Malaysia A$ B, t- i; `( @
958 Macau
3 ] z7 r9 S% ^" l977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals): h9 I0 W; q8 r. ]
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
! S) d8 P( e: h! G z979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)- P5 C: `/ z1 x! ]2 [
; T1 ], E. D& N2 y8 }More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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