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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 2 b2 f% \- X4 P7 @( \/ O+ M
) h; o- t4 W. V1 G 一、厕所 + t. i) k1 f# o' B/ v4 \ O( Y
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 2 _! \$ j4 a9 ?! _# k
) P9 {4 ^4 O4 [7 X- S; b 二、解小便
% h- c3 M7 j1 E$ {% R" e1 h8 T 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
6 O; `! A, O# @" R; P Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ( r& g9 u8 f/ C7 w$ t1 f# z
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医生或许也会问: 6 X- s0 I5 |5 d- w% c. J
Do you have trouble urinating? ) N, C- D7 M& p. }1 R
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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" o/ ]% z( C- D 此外,还有其他的说法:
. K7 E5 P% k0 @* T$ [' S; n1 f7 ~! | to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
) p7 |$ H( q# w7 ^# T. D * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. E: L a# N+ j3 o! a9 C8 G
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 5 i3 y" J; i4 V1 I0 x8 b% `8 ]8 x
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. N3 b' O H7 F! F6 e
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
* V5 T7 Z" d! N* w0 D5 C 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
+ `( g7 A- _ i+ ] 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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: X i2 G$ @& r4 E. c 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
0 }; w$ D! ^* W+ ` * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
* b: @* H5 o- M3 t * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
8 s# x3 z( j* N& S1 n& Q * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
7 R6 c# _2 ?7 z8 u( _ * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
+ I# a5 j5 @) B8 o9 L * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
) Q6 R8 _7 z& N# P * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) - R/ b! S% A( z t( Y% J
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) " p" _/ g" s# V$ _( D4 B B
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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/ Y" x7 Y2 `$ A) e+ G4 q/ k 三、解大便
% t) ?7 s. Y. w- f3 c 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
$ K R6 t! |+ W! g4 B s$ O$ H# _5 H to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
3 M7 v% [- [8 I# h' ]" e3 } =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
' O5 e4 H' i. d * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) g& F) ?8 ^7 H' v; N. n* {- Y
0 x+ ^+ N- I- E' U4 [# E 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 6 f3 l$ y |1 T0 |+ {
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: : H y; m/ I4 _! I0 k; R
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) & W* c5 r5 r( l9 Q6 o% b1 ?, M# N
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四、放屁 % ?2 O+ f0 l8 v X; q$ i
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
5 u: F7 h5 k' }4 y' X( L How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
& |' E! F2 k! |8 U& x Q8 A2 [ 你放屁的次数很多吗?
* c0 u0 e% H% l1 c! f+ E% Z * Is the gas expelled by belching?
2 P3 [8 p. M) c) _+ u' R/ v# i4 u 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
$ u v) T/ y4 ~" e * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
. w1 q8 l: S0 e# G 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 # _$ c% h4 V, H. t/ Y3 Q+ }
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. / G9 u" Q& T/ L' Z) t+ f
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
3 p+ [. c4 I% F * Be careful not to fart in the public.
( @. S) B% y ~4 R3 M 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 1 {( f& L% @6 n$ n8 m7 ~! E6 n% G
0 o3 O2 S3 v: Y0 A! ~ 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ) k: F# \: v2 R4 J" Q+ J9 b
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
9 ^- d/ t; y c = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
W0 V& D. c, |: _" Z3 [$ i6 h 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. $ F S: t6 c5 k' S& y
胃不舒服有两星期了。) " i! X% s$ x# N4 Q6 s; A( n" w
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
( Q$ X1 C7 L) w8 N5 q 他经常便秘。) 或
5 j( w+ ^; t9 y9 Y * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 ! g s* U1 Q# r. g
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
, h3 B' `# H9 r * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. , \( r* z; Y9 u# \
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
6 Q4 ^8 x- r9 e# K 他拉了一阵肚子。 A# _7 H. G( p. `4 ]
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
% c$ ^0 X1 z0 R* _: t3 G1 Y 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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