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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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y5 Q. g: z3 T6 d7 ] 一、厕所
3 @( ]- v+ h0 @4 x" s0 ?+ _, D 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 ! _+ Q& R6 x: `' y0 {/ u% h
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二、解小便 3 L7 U# n3 `' Q2 I
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
5 B% j! Q, _4 h' L v Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
1 h% ]& c+ q+ o+ W3 P& F- C0 M Do you have trouble urinating?
1 z5 d* J s7 X6 [7 T+ X, c y: A =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) + P4 M5 P3 S& o6 W- y% i: k
0 Y0 m( c5 p) {4 c; b% @0 D$ w 此外,还有其他的说法:
' R, o- o; {! k to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: " Y- J0 d: j x/ ?7 ~
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 4 w- j' y6 a- z+ P
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ! m2 V$ l. E( P
! S' [9 r7 z* L5 H5 v 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
! B$ |' C Y5 w, T5 I1 h * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
' T( e: h0 R6 j# b 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 * a0 u2 o. N% {1 A* x
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
5 @5 Z5 w. P; x, O 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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, f( _4 V- a, w3 S* I5 j * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
: c/ O0 k% ]7 _2 G! k4 v) y% ?; W% a 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 5 w& @* ~% H2 X9 `4 z
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
( N# |! H) }6 h) Z * The boy needs to pee.
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! B# f1 x1 U. v 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
* R! Z( T2 }( ]4 A * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 1 y) A" c" d0 E0 G4 B6 }+ e q, \3 W+ s: `
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
& y- ~$ b( @* r+ a" o" `! |* U( c * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) * r/ u1 p8 p" C
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ! w& M# R+ j i5 H* A
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 1 p q! {6 M* t/ c3 R0 y8 v7 C
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
' A: t7 l; v0 n- \+ C% ~$ L# ^% l: D% Q * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
* q) |2 {+ k/ n0 W! k ] * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 0 s& \+ H+ Z) K% w
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
8 {3 F1 `9 S/ M+ K to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) $ w$ A0 C: I; e) ?
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 3 T1 k& H0 J# j4 v) \
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) % F1 F/ [" u' N# T
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
* D6 A1 g) x2 s' S R6 d * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 4 S6 Q$ A8 Z: _7 @
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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) }, o5 C+ H, C6 l( m 四、放屁
4 h6 E8 y, } y! ` y 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
% N6 U* A& r* _1 O( k How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
, L& ]" f7 z7 T! R& A 你放屁的次数很多吗? ; n1 C2 H# x3 Z6 ?1 h1 _0 a
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
0 n( _! T) `6 a/ ~. g3 E( _' d# B 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ! _- J; t6 X5 H! R) O* q. o
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 0 G! d6 a; |, K' r4 ?
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
# @$ Y' _% z* S; s. C * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 3 ]' k4 r- }& f3 [, p
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
6 h3 @2 k, X0 Z3 z& }! U, ^) { * Be careful not to fart in the public.
, ]4 ^( n/ X6 ?6 E 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 ) F) {% u3 t# H0 O4 f( e* Q
( k0 Q- P Y' _& N 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
# G; G$ q! _3 x" F! J$ E6 a * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
# A% W% ` u- W/ T. i' L, s = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 7 p8 o8 S( V$ V2 x
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 6 m* P! x+ F( ?0 w* j) N8 `9 u
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. . T4 A/ d8 L- U
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
4 S# V1 O8 \* u8 Q+ F * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 7 @1 }# r! b* }) K5 p, O
他经常便秘。) 或 ; y9 z" _8 l# ~
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
/ v7 p- `( g4 N+ X& | * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
7 z: c2 q4 W( g, C$ w * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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' Y8 r5 }, J* ^, \- B * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
& u2 C6 X2 S; A; L 他拉了一阵肚子。 $ a: y7 ^7 y" O7 B7 H0 }0 Y
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 1 C6 O& U' C/ L' T! _1 |$ B$ Y
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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