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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! ' v/ R4 _' o3 i) g5 J# d
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一、厕所 " c3 r6 F. P7 V; K
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 0 [! v/ g1 w. n$ K! I$ y* d. a
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二、解小便
8 y/ q x" R4 @+ Z* L 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 7 }& Z. W/ u; h8 Z$ j, p7 Y
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
( B5 f. {$ U) J6 f: k9 C( n Do you have trouble urinating?
& b" O* Q7 w% E3 }- [, H =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: & ]; R' ?8 j0 r; d3 g
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 8 w2 a9 P/ O3 {7 d! {9 o
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
' V+ G. s. ~0 g+ x4 k * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ! I+ w* X# M: Y% D
) Z/ F4 k) k( V 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 7 J# H4 v, P7 a# t! f% ]/ I. A
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. : {/ m$ a5 \( P. Z! v$ q2 G0 V; ]. D
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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; G6 L9 z8 V# {1 J * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
- w/ ]8 r; ?% i: U6 P8 Q 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
! z A) N/ ~$ c 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 5 d* c7 E7 l; i
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: " |, ~/ s2 s) p
* The boy needs to pee. + p4 k% Z1 u2 i$ [
" I; z( |, h+ O _- p 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
. Y: [/ A# x' y: k1 F: x5 C. E1 X * Do I need a urine test? : {) z% n. q4 f6 W4 W
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 5 p; q5 u: n$ F2 S
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 0 n8 B @7 `9 c: t
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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. S* p& G. b0 V" p K4 y 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 6 A' X& b! q; j5 R4 P2 g% X
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) / `5 e4 y e' B7 v1 L
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
+ K# t* }1 W% _1 @. ~1 T+ V * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) " b1 e' U( @6 u8 i# e1 p2 _' W7 \
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
) [* H6 I0 h4 w/ I0 D. } 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
' T7 U3 X/ c+ q) t1 L7 _9 i( B to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) , h) Z/ c1 i; y/ e a- S
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 1 n T, [7 R& q' A+ |) l2 ?' [' ?
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
2 S% f0 r( J* a7 m# z * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) ! {" ] u, x/ u7 Y5 h& W2 q
: \+ l$ h1 x; |. s 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 6 r( c* U* d( c2 U+ a' ]
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
/ i) L; ~( n/ d5 g6 d. q 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 1 I# c, p. Y) X' Q5 o U$ U1 ^
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 3 S, t" a* N7 ?& R
你放屁的次数很多吗? / c1 P# X9 o5 c0 p' O, s+ P7 z* x H, H
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
* Z2 v/ | J: W( d 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
2 w6 S n+ |' V; { * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
5 j! M# ?$ v! }% k 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 & h$ Z2 w( k7 o0 Z( w1 ~
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. $ t1 Q7 g! k& R! V9 s
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 4 X4 v3 k: Q6 z# t6 b
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
P' l' l/ V4 O 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 ; b9 y2 H; [5 `2 v B# b
5 V1 k9 O7 F) F7 D; W+ s: Y 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
+ P2 x( z) g% ~$ ]& b, Z * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
. K/ E' \8 L9 L% q; g7 q = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
% g3 V$ j, I* ` 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) / l N/ k/ C6 b7 N" y$ H
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. & k# U9 o6 w: `7 |3 ?4 f' f
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
; p/ W2 e0 }" p: m' ~. I. m- Y& [ * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
: ]; k* g& W$ x0 B: a, Y. V 他经常便秘。) 或
. f6 w! i0 @* Q# } * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 " D# x5 F' J/ c3 H" U; p. ~1 f$ x, E
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
# R% @( y. C* N, e * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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/ F" q- L }6 X * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 0 ~+ v9 u" C/ H7 e7 L# M4 c& j
他拉了一阵肚子。
/ A3 x+ O0 o: K- H/ b; \6 e * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
, c% J% _9 g( t* V 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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