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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 4 `) o2 D* b/ y% o! h
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一、厕所 2 ~ i. p1 Z$ K; u! h" ]
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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( N# u- ]+ ?- v6 N: y0 h$ S 二、解小便
0 b n* N. A+ i; f 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ( u2 {" d7 r4 S/ K
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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6 v$ s5 A! \9 w8 p. A" I 医生或许也会问:
' b# E& A0 G* \% q" m0 \% Q8 s Do you have trouble urinating? + F/ I. V, @ U8 X5 }: p! m! x9 r
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
+ ~ C7 k5 g' [* a8 Z+ p to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
( o2 m4 L! v. F2 \' L * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. ) ]7 r8 a- ]" z/ ]1 S
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 6 d$ M" |8 t' |7 y9 y- |, v
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
% E; U5 N- \2 \& t' F * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
8 t- o/ t5 z+ ]' E 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 6 u/ F6 c$ J: r9 p; l
1 m. z# k4 V. A0 ]# y. I. \4 [$ | * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 7 {. i, A* V4 }' C
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. / A4 e* ^% N8 w$ g: E9 i
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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u) B0 p. M: B. e6 u- h) F 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: , h& {- K% F- o$ d
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
, I Z: a; F& O/ N/ T * Do I need a urine test? 3 C6 M' a- R( }! R7 R/ t
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 5 ]- K. c f* V: g2 d2 i a% Q
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
: G3 [# M6 s* r/ [. y1 N * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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! |$ H/ D) j2 C. J' L" b 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
! q& B6 g* w0 Z2 @2 l) q7 b: p * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 2 W" o, e8 l. F
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) : Y0 i6 ^. G. V9 h
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 2 D, l' e: W. ?
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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) t4 C% e. r2 _9 [. G0 n 三、解大便
- I, u# y- C: A7 }' z2 X1 K/ \# W) ` 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ( U! b8 w/ z. y* r3 a
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ! A) z4 M0 a; @
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
5 Y. g- f* l( s s * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ( d$ R% L0 }0 a/ S8 h" o. P! C. s3 @
! l9 C. n& D4 e$ T+ e 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: + `8 W2 n/ [8 Z9 B
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 8 \! W& [7 B) E& H
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
2 P) f- D7 ^" ~5 }$ ]8 r * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 3 N5 R7 B) x1 |1 h1 R! k
7 a$ b/ H, M& Z$ ]% ^ 四、放屁
7 i4 o4 ^, b# i# r 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: % h; _0 I& Z6 f( F0 L2 Z1 v- z
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
- c1 e; Q, ~7 [& A4 H5 y 你放屁的次数很多吗? ; U7 ?5 K+ A4 r# V/ w' h
* Is the gas expelled by belching? / ]! E% E: @9 e' F1 C3 N: @
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) + Z/ h% v, Q- [/ \
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. ! o4 { E, C- u& `5 t
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
5 M# v7 ?' H. o ^0 G * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
8 l3 }7 a- `" V k9 L. R 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
0 Y# u: E* b0 @ * Be careful not to fart in the public. 8 U1 _9 B* W, b7 `& [2 D
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 5 H4 v$ O+ u: @7 F: C! I
8 j% x4 G, {; M1 {# G: }3 } 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
7 _* @7 e: K; f- s1 b1 B * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
) L& t/ H6 {! _2 H. m0 o = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. " z8 ?1 n1 w3 P( T/ m
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
9 n. F. R6 o# G+ \1 n 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 1 m# @% x! ~' L* n
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
& A0 P1 b4 m5 d 他经常便秘。) 或 , i0 N" R( G' ?* O0 b. K( ^/ {: W2 S _
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
8 T- A6 f" A& P * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
$ w5 Z% I. U6 x6 S- t * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. + L7 U: v# L* A+ D& ^6 Y
, R+ b/ a1 Z7 \+ h * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. * @( [2 M+ d3 ?5 b
他拉了一阵肚子。
, j% K/ y( h" q w- ^. ?6 z" ` * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
& s$ e& J! Y0 l- y# `0 l- y t 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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