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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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" W/ _6 d4 n) q- u# Q 一、厕所
4 L1 E' r$ S& J" T 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 6 P( A. E# F0 t1 M5 x3 N; h
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二、解小便
, L. U7 a/ X! b/ R' t6 [* @ 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: * y7 ?2 w% n5 g% O+ ` |
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
' r% n" ?. t) q9 ~* V# j8 K Do you have trouble urinating? ! J$ h& a# c; _! J* x/ n
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: ; z6 C/ g2 K7 w* T0 c* O2 t6 y
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
, G& x% r& W# v- O3 [, M2 w& ^ R * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
( L! ~$ g+ i: z$ [, D/ T* R * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: . O/ D9 x; i- M+ t1 F) }, ` [" e
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
. S2 N6 H4 F! M, D! d 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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5 z6 ~9 j( X4 ]! S% b& U * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
9 l6 n D4 N- b+ O F 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 4 e3 X7 Y, ^: b; Z% P' \' a) h- A
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. " P8 Z: m$ W. N: s
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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! V/ _5 Y7 U2 W P% { 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
1 i+ ]* ~/ P. Y' _7 {" m6 W * The boy needs to pee. ( F) z, i5 }% |6 u( Z. H- a# N
3 C, m% N9 l+ F: I q3 f3 v 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: + Z# e9 d# {7 v/ i% q4 Q# d
* Do I need a urine test? ( c% u& n( b% t) k/ i
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 2 L' Y4 b9 Z! J, }
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
7 x) P" K# o: E S9 ~ * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 0 U3 }. W+ O8 d8 O3 D
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
, P6 K; S5 A1 T& w4 k! K' v * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) , B B2 l Q, a1 k' w( |" B
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) : f- S4 ~7 F; o- b Z. g m
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 # a- O+ @: z1 C: G( Y& s2 H
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
! v1 J0 I" n2 Z9 E3 w- I' [ to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 2 ]% r! [" [( s# e
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
3 r$ k( y+ Z+ g7 F- a% F3 g * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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. [4 \( L% r% `' ^3 b% `+ f# k 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: : U- r2 P }' r1 a9 {
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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0 i" R1 G: Q2 T1 H4 U3 l/ R3 S 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 2 r# b% ]8 H' k1 m3 u( `4 n- g
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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% J( \5 F% g! C 四、放屁
- ~' m) X2 e7 ?4 E: N( I" \5 a4 x; w 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 8 }. n5 w' j5 u0 _$ K
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
+ t0 M; O% [/ Z: O9 o 你放屁的次数很多吗? 3 a4 g# A. s% `7 b9 q
* Is the gas expelled by belching? / w/ [: K3 P/ i$ A" v8 R, h) m
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) " `" [5 y% R' H
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. # k' z6 ?& m; v( y2 Q) e& v$ ]
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
9 `0 x7 J. g1 W8 j( r. G$ p * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
1 H* H1 \% g) m+ `+ W 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 5 K( I* w1 C9 m( ?4 V" N
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
0 O1 P: i- c$ ]1 u9 [ 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 " r, X8 Y( J7 v
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 5 I2 c& R% g! p8 t- f: F
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
+ M- X8 v) _+ E% c3 N = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. - P# G5 ^. b4 u
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) " @9 C1 m4 @& f+ A
1 v& p1 n1 S; j v1 Y( `- ]- _ * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
% t% f$ B6 V; A" q 胃不舒服有两星期了。) , H5 Y- U- o6 K% o% b
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
/ z/ Q' V* |( j, m0 Y7 t4 F: L! S1 H: V 他经常便秘。) 或 3 u& J) G; E2 o' f3 v, A
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
( {5 i$ P; h& z; G * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
+ `! j* G/ d6 y/ P * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
4 Q/ z* n0 e5 l$ v6 y; c8 C, f 他拉了一阵肚子。 7 H, c4 O! A6 m+ p% O. {5 g
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
6 k* s% K) a+ e- N2 _9 E- |" K J; | 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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