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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! / v# }1 f/ m! U" D% A5 G3 {. l% Y
+ z7 n6 y0 }: s3 {4 I 一、厕所
. u$ B4 D2 F9 o2 ~: p 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 7 i- c+ s7 Z9 N) \# w1 b3 d
+ i1 w9 Z4 I& h# o2 b1 I/ r 二、解小便 - { n2 Z8 H9 L h' Z t* L% D
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
! b3 J5 s: [' W# v Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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* O* ^3 X1 Q* I, z, f 医生或许也会问:
# }+ Y' {8 Q' I% _/ c- U Do you have trouble urinating?
& |$ W- b6 m: O& a$ f6 r( i q =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 1 @: d' ?( a9 n" o+ U+ @
' l+ @: K- n# O0 y9 h9 N3 E7 q 此外,还有其他的说法:
* l$ h7 r2 ?% a4 X& G to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: ( e* C1 \* Q" Z- K$ Y; r
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
8 o6 _+ S! O' ~ @# e+ q8 C * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) * z% o6 x$ K9 ]
8 u5 _% `8 n. P; o4 R5 x 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
1 K' e( c8 Q5 s. H; d2 Q2 V * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
* ?, {' ~ N% |# n* \1 l 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 4 R$ f% b( A& c0 O8 ^; M7 }
& @) }8 I$ P4 g- V+ i2 D$ l * He went to the john a few minutes ago. , s7 J7 c; D& g9 h |. K
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
9 D9 I8 ?0 v; e1 A 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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3 i, m2 l; `2 y& q1 E* h! d 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
' ~8 H! M5 ^5 n- `4 D$ v7 Z * The boy needs to pee. 9 t7 N- @! P1 L
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: : ~/ m* M, ?1 d3 |! M0 J
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 7 H# s; i- F( O9 R
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
4 d3 k% m( z3 V2 j! s * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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+ u; l) f! l: y 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
6 ^. _+ z* n* G$ G: Z4 i! | * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) + q) A6 P5 t! c; M- M, J3 C/ ~
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
' y' G! ?4 g7 v# X% }, [ * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
# s# ?# `& B# n8 Q! S2 z * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 + f! @9 K' ~ J7 |+ z
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 6 o. c* k u1 Z7 L& G! [- N
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
{' n8 ~6 ?& Y! l/ k =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
) l) T: w4 T$ E6 h * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 8 p( l( l" v% i9 i" U4 N5 L
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) |- F& a6 V. R' h& k
& [, G" E# m; [6 \, R4 x% T 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 4 T! W/ g- P6 z4 D' B1 \
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) b+ Q9 @; H2 W* R& ]- V# G2 N9 v6 c% u
4 e, k/ a, g0 L+ M2 i& Y 四、放屁 * N# t: f* t' U
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
$ P/ Y) G4 I1 {% s$ z How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
, S5 I- ?' k/ }+ Q j$ H 你放屁的次数很多吗? ( f R7 V! R7 }' k
* Is the gas expelled by belching? $ q; `% g8 ^! `9 t9 j
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
+ ^- t' p+ g& B * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
8 B* T1 L9 [3 ?7 ] L$ }. M: P7 F 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
* U8 z" @! {2 `# C( g* A * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. ! f/ @* L2 L3 R- S: a
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 & ^% H# _* ~2 Z2 j
* Be careful not to fart in the public. " R$ ]$ y$ D; l6 \8 Z$ T
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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* |( }9 t! U( C4 t 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
$ _' o) y0 x) Q% g+ { * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
/ D1 ?- C) R" z* b( S( Q2 F4 b = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 7 U/ {* L/ E3 x5 Q+ c& _* v" {
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) , i/ s0 R3 V, c; B5 ]& g# @* n
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
+ a/ Y+ U6 k# m, m( H 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
1 R, s9 C, G& L7 K$ {) B3 b" Y* W' U * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 0 m; I1 K+ y" Q
他经常便秘。) 或 - @9 Z" M: f) o" y8 n% V- q& N( T
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 ; M% J9 B O$ |5 D
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
. ^& `1 B' D0 a * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 2 Y* A& u) a; P6 y `& Z: G, D
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 5 h: \) F* g, C5 ~
他拉了一阵肚子。 + s* o; J% f% i% t
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
# ]4 T" D! P" L1 b4 j 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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