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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 ) h) @8 C* ~1 \4 B" |1 `& z# g; [
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
$ `+ Q. I7 X4 }( m/ S/ l 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 3 B9 h7 h# U2 B& h- d9 k% ^- \
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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7 x/ c7 g* T- M9 V \6 T 医生或许也会问:
8 V8 Q- l) L$ i; P" } Do you have trouble urinating?
$ X L6 Q. N* | =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
s* L) i9 y8 Q* S; K5 x to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
% Q: P' s9 T. ?1 `; { * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
' X0 |! J* \7 p Q+ u' b * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 0 m0 [) C1 u+ A5 ~/ ~/ Q' H
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: * y6 ]* w9 a! x3 _
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ) }! J( I# d3 q \( p
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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' V, T/ X3 t! {' b. v! I9 ~ * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 6 p0 x. v4 g) A: ]$ L/ N2 c0 d- G
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
9 ~0 h1 ~4 f' @( E+ k 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
& I( A5 x8 q. ? A1 ], a * The boy needs to pee. & G5 v6 L4 V2 A
3 f& m& g6 K8 Y6 S 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
3 K! ^- i' V# _( w * Do I need a urine test? 2 I9 e7 _$ r& i& C) w7 G
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 7 H: B% F H' J+ F# S" z
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
4 t$ R+ k2 C ]6 ~8 H * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) ; T9 q- |2 @' Z4 @4 o: W
2 m" k; n+ m, M0 o2 z 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
" h0 Z) v: u C3 `) ?7 n * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
; Z' e1 E- {" V% N. J; N) l * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
: m$ A! k% q8 ~ * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
4 M- E2 Q! M$ R+ T/ W * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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. ]2 {3 W4 E& [# k 三、解大便
, o% L% _* v+ U6 i 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: . T1 z6 g |& w) T2 m9 b' R
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
; s1 G' W i' P: y4 O3 P( V0 U =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
( Z9 L6 ?0 L7 Y4 _& ~: ]/ I * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) / q' o5 l4 S8 R% ^ U
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: , n. @: p. U% @
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 8 I( R# p. ?1 I2 Z6 E
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) , @- o7 A/ m! }" m3 U+ ~) I: N- c5 h
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四、放屁
: O+ }3 l+ ~% }; E8 |6 {; f7 O 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: # u6 k$ \0 g* {; z
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
2 l- X) [0 O. ~ 你放屁的次数很多吗? + V T5 P" a2 P7 G. E+ |
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 8 S; u9 Y/ t" X4 P/ P
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
: A1 O+ \+ `- G7 ` * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. # U9 A& A1 r# v# {5 c0 i' `
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 . A/ H( Q7 X. C& B# Y& n
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. / B" v3 ?! t% y: S3 V
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
0 _9 m7 p+ I' ^* F6 i: { * Be careful not to fart in the public. 5 X" a/ S; b4 ^' G4 h0 H6 A
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
( d9 f/ a) B3 ?+ {6 [6 ? * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) : C8 Q" d6 ^9 t, c4 d, q
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
$ A& Y# I3 d0 W) P+ g 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. s; Z+ g- C/ ?/ s* l
胃不舒服有两星期了。) - l, C* D9 H% q" s
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) ) ^, n' f7 x$ O7 B* L
他经常便秘。) 或
# G5 u9 G4 k8 m0 x. [7 s+ | * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
; I# z0 ?0 t% I5 j' q+ L6 O" \ * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 2 p0 J4 |( f. d3 Z) N u
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. * M- N' k! ^: e- ?! B* G$ I9 N
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. , T Q/ o. r& `$ N% N
他拉了一阵肚子。 2 b! |. a1 ]' a/ ]/ _( y# D
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
b1 U" O9 ?6 d% r# @! F 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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