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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! ! J: u% y' t7 f5 j, O9 U9 l9 }
; ]; a0 w! Y( q* g1 p8 f 一、厕所
, Y( o5 g* n# z2 Z3 } 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 1 Q3 l; H# S# Y- D
" g5 q0 k& Y1 G/ E 二、解小便 7 D# ]' I4 D& B3 M5 ], K- J
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: * F. x! p3 u/ r1 c5 x
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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! x0 M! B# [8 M) m" F; d. f: D 医生或许也会问: & K( i9 j( s4 P0 G% r4 t, @
Do you have trouble urinating?
* U; A+ Q1 |# S* S9 o =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
2 u* R( j3 B$ B0 T% |2 F1 }0 C to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
1 s& v8 C3 x) Q; a9 a * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
1 F' s* e7 S) P/ U* ? * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ; o x5 q6 v+ k) c
: U& t" L3 T" |: V 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
! K+ P7 p0 \% G0 [- G" P * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
& A; x4 l: N2 e+ W# g- J 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ' A _) s6 F A" w
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. ) f4 {8 E3 T. s
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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' |6 u, O7 X, z * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
- M5 _1 y, U9 s, x3 f# z( R" g 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
$ T. }' H( p j! T' M( u7 ? * The boy needs to pee.
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0 m$ E. S, [4 z9 Q 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
5 ~5 O: W% g# Y1 m7 w: b * Do I need a urine test? 7 d' l& t0 R3 j5 r
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ( |" f9 X& l9 X* ^7 H
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ! o: W9 F% u, m5 d' d) O4 a
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
( E8 c% v" L- L * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
2 j2 q# z, H l: }6 k * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) , N, w" [0 e9 `6 |+ J" y" ?* d1 f
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
6 i% m/ [0 N5 T O8 Z * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) & o& @2 O0 P- \9 _8 g
/ q" n9 U; j v5 s+ j& u 三、解大便 - V7 _% m v6 k p
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ' e1 J p; U; t$ i2 ^8 ~( |& `
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
5 R) q& B) W" K# M =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
, E' F; o- Y& ^ * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 2 S% o8 Z, N2 A, t
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: / h' h8 ^- @! L0 G% b- P7 L$ C
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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9 l% ?' c. L" h3 i1 q! C1 B 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
4 P" r' _# x0 X: q * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 ( p2 }, l5 \* S( v+ p7 T. f8 J
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
# j) V% |% V0 C5 @% E How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 7 g: [( ^+ _% O5 a) }
你放屁的次数很多吗?
# E' o- t$ Y& S% l& q * Is the gas expelled by belching? 5 q* s0 r; t4 Y& O
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 4 Y- l4 T/ f9 b9 x* I; ]3 c
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
( l- U3 h9 T, U0 L h 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
. \* K1 O( n G5 a4 [9 b9 M) s * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
$ O2 T. m; {9 c% l- u 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 ) E$ b; i, S }9 [% Z
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
# a$ T2 \: l, J3 C 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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- s A) N2 Q' K4 C7 O. }2 l 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ; R$ T* |! q2 _' g
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) , c# l, d# m7 ?# e l; F
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
! k% w' e( J0 Z/ p0 d 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 8 }8 {* R5 K- u
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
& p( H+ |& D$ d6 E$ X5 W2 j: m4 R 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
) B* @: m' B! Z3 {) o * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) . H- P9 H7 k% y
他经常便秘。) 或 3 t4 g: m3 h$ ~9 D2 R5 F) [
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 % N6 j- W1 P4 p; k6 L& Z4 n' u- n1 h
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
1 l" c4 J* d1 A; F* l0 ?/ }3 X * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 5 h- g; r! d* P
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
3 {- k2 ?: r" [* U6 ~( v* c& Z 他拉了一阵肚子。 8 w, C6 l/ @0 l" F% @$ d
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
: G1 J4 p8 @/ L1 } 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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