 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The# ^0 G' x" E# M+ U) j5 r
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the+ C6 w) l \0 @$ r; n1 d- v
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
4 N, _# _ K3 v2 _0 Xand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial; X+ l8 F6 X$ h+ s5 n+ @) G
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
0 h/ i6 w( q' Z8 Uretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).7 w( Z; D- n8 F5 o
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=) O- u& u) Z, S: O B1 z
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
# e1 }1 ^' Z& L$ S0 j; T0 i' t(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving; z/ e. I* ~! ]% A7 t
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
6 ]! W, r3 t c6 H0 B6 f$ k+ Tpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset& w% i. e, W. d/ s3 \: b3 S) \
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
! a/ _7 p2 k+ o+ W8 Hsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a+ N7 D; _. m4 b* s9 |7 E
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e. d5 }; p0 e& T( Q+ |
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In* m3 G8 `" f1 ?
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,5 o; v# f' B1 T9 ` b1 r z' Z4 y
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
Y8 e0 m+ W( b$ A) t$ Z
1 U' D% m$ x2 o7 k1 T N+ n(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
' Z6 G( c: M4 V7 R( xand American speakers of English, |
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