 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The. c& V7 p* \. r. a* f, S3 V1 C
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the5 E" u: Q) {- U
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,- c0 G# o; W. ?' a8 J
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial: w1 I/ I B- g+ L. o, U! N
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of) O$ r& e# h, e. F( ?+ Y4 T3 b1 p1 ?/ h
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
' Z( L8 I3 a7 ]4 Z) \% o& HA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
: V1 F% u y* s, u6 R$ D[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
5 G. e4 m0 ?9 f(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
+ u* Y( x6 p' @6 W, R0 c" Tretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on4 u( g, B ]: O( X! {' h
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
. F/ l1 `" q. _$ x( b(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two) b, i; v: g7 m
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
# S W% J6 D* B5 xsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
6 N- L; h) n4 X% Kend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
! ]- n1 D$ g0 j: R) v, z' [, v& Ocompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
& l& y! L, Z7 H1 a$ F8 u6 x6 F0 cthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
4 q1 r" k8 }5 E2 y6 q4 W+ V
( ^0 O m( [9 W+ W O* `(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)$ h: w7 E( p0 I
and American speakers of English, |
|