 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The8 n' p3 ~5 N/ M4 T+ ?# A7 `- M0 U
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the2 k" c2 P5 Y# u
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,/ k% A4 [% J9 }$ j G
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
6 \- m7 R* p% L# @1 ^(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
1 ^6 r/ T* T: O' Y0 Pretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
% l. q$ `# H, w+ c( |A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
M6 U5 v; {4 U1 b4 U: M[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
% b; J5 [+ X) A( n9 j(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving# O, k/ M5 y% i( a* p/ z o8 u
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
9 C+ f' ]3 U* epossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
2 d. K0 t$ E, r: I3 \8 A( N) T(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two. \, o# M$ Z% r9 y3 _' a( ?
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
2 p, N b3 k8 n! h) p: q! V# Ksemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
- [3 S0 O. b$ J+ M+ N! r" T1 r! Uend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In8 ~4 F1 P5 ]2 y, t) S4 i
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
/ F, `. f, L. Pthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..0 w2 G& h4 R3 s0 z: w$ K( M
+ [" G. S- _7 S8 C3 v# C(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)2 V' G" |% O$ q3 G
and American speakers of English, |
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