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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:" |9 \( U8 a. w
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1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)
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Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》) ) n& w8 p# K3 D& B4 O7 J0 [
- r0 e, r- G, w' ~It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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. z7 N* G. R P+ n; N! _1 o. v3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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& L5 E: [7 I2 I8 K- uWho says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)
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4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) $ I& N! u: L# |: V' J. v- A
- i# }: p3 ~, u/ h" @2 ~1 s# ?She lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)! B! c' `8 H& N: A3 ] |, D
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5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》): c7 G1 ?- b- A- @$ [; O/ l
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My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译); |7 l2 p( p, v
9 L& p- A& W* \7 d+ u! B9 b6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
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5 R- U/ U6 @5 P9 T3 p9 OBut I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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- F" L5 V) X4 ^9 o5 V7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)3 Y# l8 G- z- [2 ?8 e/ I/ }
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You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me
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, ]" [- P0 b. V6 fsuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》); P# e- F3 m4 F* E( G( Z I
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Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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+ N, r Y- @3 W+ C$ F( t4 Z( q7 Dwith you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。
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然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。2 V4 i2 J% ~9 W K
5 d+ W+ \3 o/ G* |& b* o. z8 bYour talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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) Z/ ~$ a4 V+ U不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:
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11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?6 g; O. {* |# l% }" C8 n
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This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems$ _ H7 U/ W' m- w6 f. _
& v2 B/ C7 \! h+ J+ `that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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