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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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Proof: 2 V3 p. J( z9 C/ |
Let n >1 be an integer
V" ^/ y9 N2 p, d5 {5 DBasis: (n=2)
$ ?) l" E+ F. G7 ? 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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, l- ^3 W* K( F7 fInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
; H I% _4 G$ \- w# x K^3 – K can by divided by 3.# {6 U5 I4 N7 f5 ~! q. i
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3+ `1 l' R+ O& X9 _7 m. ]
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
+ e E; Y9 |8 o* p3 U8 Z7 C* d6 d3 B7 SThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
$ ?& P( A3 F2 D# ] t4 ? = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
* H* V* P2 f" E8 O! s = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
6 p+ o- b$ L! _5 N% J' j8 S = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)8 F7 r' D* @4 m; R7 P5 l
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0. K$ A2 I/ I. q( `' u% F
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
A& s" [" }4 P9 v = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
1 d: L; J! W! N } = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3& L8 q P4 ]% v7 }( @ h) s
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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