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( p# p3 j2 @* \. D% o0 ?http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China1 R' Y7 b, o/ v* g0 f( N6 c2 {' m
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
! }6 ~( V/ U3 }$ h: N* {! HFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China., Q5 J+ i5 M4 m7 O
: H" v2 o" s; oLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
4 k" m( S3 P+ z( c/ }. AFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China., C$ l) ]/ s/ g+ U3 O4 K
( a+ K9 ?6 f7 J, B9 u# bSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .) [ k6 P) c% p& G5 B
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
9 H# C" C+ y& }0 z! u* f5 H+ nPublished online 26 January 2018
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! ?9 p3 w9 x* Z; X" I* K5 F% _Abstract
2 [, g8 ~6 B2 l$ P/ e# ? K2 }" `6 _John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing4 f) l/ M8 G- q. M$ A/ ^
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
1 L S+ J) e$ w4 o! _& CTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
* J" [) a0 k" sengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not& H5 ~; s4 N4 m& Q: Z
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
( ^& j2 F6 N0 z4 Qworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly) O( j( Y0 s) w3 ~0 ?( k3 `
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
& ?6 I' H$ e3 T( ?, ftranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
: h$ e9 `7 J& d4 T [* Tscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
, z2 i: q; ^- z; b9 Land then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the. Y7 d0 Z: z0 @
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
$ t) |4 I# k p- M' Y' R" Hin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
; t$ O! c9 m1 ^1 a* m! Mhe established had helped greatly with the popularization( N& m6 D3 I1 a
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring9 O5 e6 G+ M/ T' g9 H& b
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
& Y: p4 g; y9 Y% A4 cfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
+ r; o6 c5 j, X0 I0 d3 Zthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
g: \* w0 w( _8 D: m% S& Sgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific3 V) U! \' Z) z4 k9 H# J; c
terminology.
, f( d R- A% m/ T! }Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
- t& T) S8 e% _* b; V1 e2 @) kStandardization of terminology translation* t9 d8 |8 ?" o. F- C0 s
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to% j! p* u, w% ` o
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
8 X' q& R, k& s" EChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
) o. ~1 P3 u6 ufrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213$ s% u& P/ w4 _2 I+ a5 z3 F
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213+ g, a1 V% I1 H, b: w
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/ d" J# j$ d8 i. _; TINTRODUCTION
4 T' Z$ P& [3 O1 s0 {$ zJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and6 u5 i9 A$ o3 C# K g9 t {
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).5 f' B: g2 `9 N5 U7 x. k( ?- u( Z9 i
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
1 a( k) s7 z1 l$ p5 |Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
; u! ~ \" d* N4 R' u# _* @/ z3 A9 jSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
1 e& b6 o2 x- u$ b7 i5 ]8 A5 `by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as/ E) c1 I7 u' O* d
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
& F5 T2 B) d4 E; u! \/ q' ?his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-% d% r: h: x) `# a+ h
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
% V" S* W# ^+ ^/ h; iworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,3 h% C6 @6 Y3 P E' j$ d; Q. N Z/ _) k
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.) A, O$ D9 F8 u0 h# `: t# ^$ o3 a
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
0 W- G1 A/ m# l; ]; ^. \$ uto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
5 k# s% u" I. |5 K8 Y& j p9 U6 d6 Jwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
# p# @, F6 u6 yrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,, ], V7 t& f! r) q( H* K" V
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
- t! P+ t" u6 M7 e, J6 |books that made him the most productive one among the( \+ [# t6 b& y' W" [1 y* l
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
) y w, }+ ^& \0 M. ctranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a% |5 O* T7 z2 b& C4 M: \# v( {
noble work which could help accelerate the process of% o" {1 t k8 S( [) W$ t! {! F. A
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).9 q/ f) k: {+ y
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
+ S$ @3 b: r$ a" f5 Dalso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western. x8 n7 @1 T6 K- J8 u8 J7 U2 W
science and the standardization of translated scientific" v8 N% L' h% \3 S
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific& \1 g3 X. q. X# r
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the8 H9 B. \ {& @ x; H
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another. \" c6 A5 c x' |! C
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
( Z( u) p2 f9 v- zof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
' v2 {8 u7 W! C3 F7 i8 m6 U5 ZModern China.8 h0 O/ M+ k- T
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published' Q/ @, K6 s, }7 w5 _' \2 x1 @
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
* {! _9 @6 \- a" Ztravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
! D& E& C$ x0 b- Q! Ra lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In$ ~" N Q4 j: |; I- @6 E1 L; p: m
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and( K0 a Q# I( y0 l/ N$ A, w6 s
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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