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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688* B2 _! c$ \9 Y1 M. y2 B
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
4 n- R1 ~2 F/ {, V# iYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of5 S4 g8 ] e6 B2 |# a. ?
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.6 y; |, S1 Y) r0 @
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
: o: z9 M; ^! ~# l& T! eFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.0 ~2 v7 {8 W" C8 X' O
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
2 r" ^8 l, V# b$ [Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20185 E! ^, m+ Y$ | N
Published online 26 January 20187 n8 @ [2 D) `' Z* k( m6 s
+ @0 k( a3 ]5 H8 N5 O2 [) }
1 J9 z6 l/ X1 i$ }Abstract% f. v8 O; Z" C- r' p" T" B
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing" _1 ^4 ~$ I. u' b
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The4 P4 H+ V$ c. S5 o$ C- `' @
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
8 {: u9 q8 S. p: z2 Hengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not" T- F: E/ t H" C
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific" [7 X) D! ~! |* ]
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly+ M0 @& ^, J! ?- J
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
+ i& P- x) U! x# X, \translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
) [, m* b) ~# uscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
0 \5 o9 l; L a1 A; a- vand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
' ]& u9 [5 p% @. l: N5 z1 T: istandardization of the scientific terminology translation6 k" s! b# l8 y; i2 M
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
6 l/ ] `9 \; ~; h8 p! Y# Uhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
. _# P1 i) z- g7 Y% t: Hof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
4 g0 n0 e1 a3 Lthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
' j! F- q: E. ]4 Z) @, B, [for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
* O; _. T; U; dthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
# S6 d J9 c6 w4 V; ngreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
# k4 c }/ n2 f fterminology.
4 N) ?" C8 i# j! JKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;, D4 m* Y s: [& |9 N
Standardization of terminology translation
! G; X2 r2 @; L0 b5 l; C6 |; hYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to, b, H9 w; Y7 G1 @! K: Z
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern" }7 F, l7 A* p
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
2 n' o/ n" A) w. ~/ S- O6 D2 b4 v" ?" ~from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213" U) B& \7 J o; f6 o! }9 X
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213! v2 i5 R$ x* S7 ~
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INTRODUCTION
4 W- ?' g$ d2 q @2 v- M7 J& W0 oJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and4 d4 s7 S9 K. A2 o, u: K6 X/ ?
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
, y1 I6 X( |! l9 U. xDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
" `" d1 N- n+ q) s5 v: Q& aHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
( c/ |" ]3 Z) L: uSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
% d. F$ `/ ^* Y6 Oby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
/ ?7 i6 |0 q' Q2 K# q2 dan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on( t; t6 C# V [/ u
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
" O2 w3 [! S1 A4 r1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific* s8 J5 E6 N3 m b& x q" D
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,7 M/ c5 u. A$ M) b, k8 J$ B
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.1 \3 H- ~/ o* M
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
# L- d7 H. e+ k. ato him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant% e9 N* ]1 u" l6 X8 ]' J
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
' O3 _, d1 D: Q6 N2 e+ ~6 {revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,$ f& A1 I0 W4 a, H% F6 b) E5 S
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
7 f! j8 F4 p. v, mbooks that made him the most productive one among the
$ P# N( x6 z/ ~5 k s7 `foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,8 R! G, O1 y, O
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a7 d# E* o# D- F& G; b
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
* i. \2 }8 T9 i$ g+ D) Lpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
, m& [8 ~' T- ?! L! |/ }! f$ F0 AIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer! w+ a5 Z+ o& p w! m L
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
; f; M7 ^) q9 S* V/ c2 I) t1 Tscience and the standardization of translated scientific4 v I# T- [* l( ^' J6 a
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
& j. q& b3 e/ I) e5 Nmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the4 E" J0 r5 f/ i% M
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
- v% _2 N9 I+ b& f- L' mcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series; f6 j" J6 l( S1 D" w9 X* g( r
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
9 K% x9 A( {2 r+ O0 o# ^& OModern China.
3 N$ L( F+ v4 J4 V- dAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published4 C# |* A5 @8 n
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
% y" e" O) r/ s) atravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing1 Y) U- B% `3 H" Q1 h
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
1 B& b+ ?6 r, H2 C9 _: v- y* FJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
$ d) u% c" a$ V- R) y2 \* kTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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