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How to figure a home's fundamental value! h5 c, e. J' p0 R. n# L8 a& s q
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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# Y7 h1 z) U+ U. k! F fNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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) I7 V1 D2 G3 |; sSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
# |0 r- l: K: G1 LSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
, X K, j; a; j$ o3 D5 L6 pNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.. O% d; Q/ e' `
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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& P4 O @. M& X* z2 a! z; f- ^0 gIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.7 L+ h3 X3 \( |' N1 }3 W
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.* b) T9 o# d/ {! I
3 U5 ^- y* X! b6 p: K. b1 j Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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1 N2 t1 j. i$ E8 j, D! lBoston 20.5 30.2 0 x+ m, }# x$ l# z9 u
San Diego 22.8 29.7 Y$ G7 W4 ]9 X. Q
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
7 T* }* M$ n' D# G0 a3 k& j* MLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
0 ^0 V% Z* h# m+ aSeattle 20.4 25
" I8 I0 q2 o! O7 O& A5 ?Denver 17.7 23.7 ; e& i. W$ A1 S. k6 I. _0 j. o
New York 21.2 22.5 : V C& ^5 V3 N
Chicago 17.2 20.8 * y6 u3 b9 A' s: v4 E1 P c* d
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 1 O* I( B& |* w
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) v4 S3 I+ y2 k- N! @' HIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.+ c* L" c6 U* V
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% _6 {$ [8 F+ q( iFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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