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How to figure a home's fundamental value
" m: x& H: B" i( W3 K1 bLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.8 |6 ^& g1 G4 F( V! i; f
1 O) ~ j2 ^& [/ VNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.: x9 j5 A3 m5 |2 p5 l- L$ y) G. O: v% o
" Q) ~; A1 D5 @0 ?3 E6 |Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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, ]! P% \& F' c) ~- Z( `* T `To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:6 F1 h7 v, C3 q. R8 y# Y4 [3 T
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.2 O' t9 n G, i0 q
* Q; r; g ]& p5 B& uSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.2 |5 y, o, I6 @! q( J$ R
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
* ]8 A# c' K5 V8 JNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.3 j$ i. ^0 B; l, y
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. # |/ ]0 E" E, C
& g: W2 t. w3 P1 `5 t, b% j# E: zIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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2 C9 t! S5 t+ D! ~7 c Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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Boston 20.5 30.2 $ V# q% w* W5 l2 Q
San Diego 22.8 29.7 # F% X8 p9 ], d6 {. i
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
! _0 v: v3 A) E$ W( RLos Angeles 21.3 25.6 7 G9 l, h9 w; J: T# L
Seattle 20.4 25 : U" y! Q7 j+ ]$ j6 G
Denver 17.7 23.7 , k4 ]* L8 ?% L& q+ Z1 C' N
New York 21.2 22.5
$ w4 V* ~! o. b0 p! l* p: a- i, WChicago 17.2 20.8
3 U) }$ G# w! w ~0 dWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 : X/ H$ w/ M! Q6 y/ l) H. B
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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