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How to figure a home's fundamental value
7 I3 Y) K0 J2 M2 G$ U* f: v! o. XLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.9 s) I" a/ q( u& ?
$ q' s4 B* F1 N" F5 z3 K2 y+ hNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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% Y* d" r" r. H) D) ]+ mLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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, ^' s& Y! d5 x# Q5 i v4 g* s, ZTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found: x( n8 T6 v0 X+ {
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988. c$ P% \+ j: j1 }3 F5 K3 J, z
1 Q# N/ B+ w! ^6 A! qSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
) O9 }! L% t) }( J$ y$ c0 U# sSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
" o0 y7 r h3 i0 s5 G5 b9 y5 mNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.) R2 C$ _; c8 y% H( A' i# `
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. : {* y: L/ p* Q
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.6 h ^# ?( B [
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable. ?% U1 ~( @9 Z7 s
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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/ O) l/ p2 x# v( eBoston 20.5 30.2 $ s ]; L3 T( J
San Diego 22.8 29.7
( b3 Y1 {2 u& O/ d* @# C+ n' KSan Francisco 23.8 27.2
: c# v b; M" Q( \2 {Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 9 W; ^. X j: X: F
Seattle 20.4 25
% Q. ^' Z9 g& J+ S! xDenver 17.7 23.7 + ?4 \! S0 ?( N' n; c/ ?' O
New York 21.2 22.5 7 h& U2 c1 `) @$ o
Chicago 17.2 20.8 5 A; z* w0 O0 t( T0 A
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 : o# |) Y4 Z9 { a: v& r" j" a
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live., m6 ?8 o& |. p
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7 ?# B) {" h& fFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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