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How to figure a home's fundamental value
1 J" h2 j0 O1 N$ zLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.: `7 d3 h1 x1 m1 H3 T
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:# y7 E$ a7 E5 d+ ], K; y ?
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: ~& e- d4 M0 J- @! j" NIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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! ]# d! T: `' }San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
! g( c: C8 Z+ [& T( QSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
1 l, Y+ V+ a; E3 [New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
! g, S d/ n+ g( s4 z1 k/ DYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. ! r, ^5 W7 a. z4 F& W5 w
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.4 T' @! u' z: Y t: @
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
/ ?2 c R' h, J' D Avg. 1988-2000 2001 # P5 x8 h' Q8 [& @1 X' a% ^
Boston 20.5 30.2 ; ^" R* h" z) T' @
San Diego 22.8 29.7 # l& g0 O* h" r
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
+ I4 w, P) N4 W8 a E6 G- zLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
; B- T8 a$ o+ h* Z. n) ^) _" K NSeattle 20.4 25
, {7 B2 |8 ^. R- sDenver 17.7 23.7 ( d/ D% M. j$ K, A7 \
New York 21.2 22.5
1 G- e/ {/ d5 [( yChicago 17.2 20.8
8 b' V6 }. N/ P9 c0 M# ]# O2 KWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 * m) g2 L5 _ e: q
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: s) }$ |2 C" u- y' j/ [# oIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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! |; P3 u9 J% F- F1 hFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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