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发表于 2014-4-2 22:36
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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 9 _8 s* d0 h* f1 @+ p$ Z7 Z
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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; Z& N/ y) [* y& {5 n# `Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
8 i0 b w3 Q5 N+ U6 Z# f6 PBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
' E2 U) J2 l- x9 UThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.) ~0 R; _( |* f! Y" J, ~" Y
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
' d6 S5 u4 ~% |( z+ aThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
. B- Y6 [/ u8 s- dThe country codes used are :
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4 n4 G3 j4 S$ R; w+ CCODE \COUNTRY
( P! w6 P$ ]9 @$ m% ?6 { G7 `00-13 USA & Canada, K* ]7 l+ q2 A
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
0 v$ ~4 T! I6 f' D t30-37 France$ s3 F# ^2 _9 g' l& m$ r5 [
380 Bulgaria* s4 l% t$ T* N& J+ {7 X) W
383 Slovenia
2 h) I% h: T2 w# y y7 b385 Croatia) Z$ m' Q' H- A$ z2 ^6 O
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
0 D2 k9 C0 K, o! e: `400-440 Germany8 Z4 ~4 ]7 H' f& d& y# w; F# t- c
45 Japan
9 Q% c8 A) @7 i5 H46 Russian Federation+ |( C" N; i3 G( s q
471 Taiwan
3 d% }) z* v* y- j8 q! Q! b474 Estonia
3 D% I& t, Y# a5 C( @5 D- g475 Latvia9 T) U/ {( i6 k4 G5 q
476 Azerbaijan
4 U) a, {0 T8 {477 Lithuania$ G; f8 j9 Z6 n9 i) Q) w( y0 V/ ~
478 Uzbekistan
: B# ~6 N- l* E# n# A2 i# d4 n479 Sri Lanka
1 Q" p0 B2 y( p$ @, G) o480 Philippines
f4 [/ N% I4 |9 \+ B7 e* Q; f481 Belarus7 e( O& x. e" v1 K
482 Ukraine& \# R d* H. N, A% T7 I
484 Moldova
. |2 Z6 h; a4 X485 Armenia# R \& `, t/ p3 t1 F) \3 K- k
486 Georgia1 l. ^( T& ~: o: E3 s' ?& ?
487 Kazakhstan
. M+ ^/ F& g+ A' Y5 ^489 Hong Kong! W' L! c3 N. R' W z
49 Japan
/ l( b: S; X! h; a" o2 n4 k& o( P/ {7 O50 UK+ j6 b, s3 [. e, }% j& ], h+ o
520 Greece
* |: n; K5 K2 _' ^% E528 Lebanon4 A7 W; o. |0 P9 X0 X; }
529 Cyprus- q# k z4 X L& g! k/ _
531 Macedonia
, [' q0 Z/ ^* f! ]% H( ^535 Malta
% X0 q1 ~9 `) K$ Z8 e4 ^" Y- ~539 Ireland
6 L2 k! Z( a/ N" n5 M54 Belgium & Luxembourg
; O9 K2 B6 [. k; C560 Portugal
4 \' e/ O4 _1 |0 C8 }$ P569 Iceland
6 v8 t+ f9 M1 H. ^8 n57 Denmark
) D* N r, @$ }6 v. P+ d' R590 Poland# s* S V' y4 Y! {$ e6 v Q7 j
594 Romania
1 E# q9 [- T o599 Hungary
7 m# p) @( a6 n" K600-601 South Africa
$ Y2 ]% L$ M8 h# @% o9 o( X609 Mauritius# x, L$ j% E6 ?* G4 h) d
611 Morocco1 u8 n2 h! ~4 ^1 M+ Z
613 Algeria
5 z# r% U) M, k4 w" q$ m I8 {* J619 Tunisia) m/ Q* a! t7 \8 U( d8 e
621 Syria
) e6 y( e; X9 y& h1 G622 Egypt
+ |2 T. F# @* E' X/ m624 Libya% X3 f. h9 Z [% k) C& i* Y
625 Jordan0 h6 w$ ]: g0 `* j$ }. ?! b
626 Iran8 J5 e: c O# ~% b, S
627 Kuwait( J8 g# p" u. A" v, u
628 Saudi Arabia1 \. q0 G$ O$ V
629 United Arab Emirates
: k8 z5 d& Z: j, J64 Finland) Y! Q* g0 `+ \, W& ^
690-692 China
! \/ I$ W6 O, u8 {70 Norway- D8 C) L# D( j
729 Israel
- @$ n. p/ b ]" X& n) r2 K w73 Sweden9 k. U- c: m; B" r4 h
740 Guatemala9 g8 m* v9 u8 p
741 El Salvador
2 Y* f \# {9 j7 l Y6 G0 l- E742 Honduras
$ x: F+ c! P$ E, J! D9 ?743 Nicaragua
. t$ N, ]7 @4 e* _744 Costa Rica
6 ?) L0 v% W) K1 n$ @+ h; F745 Panama% a9 v! U) s5 Q# \( A, z" v. P& k Z
746 Dominican Republic. X# X& Y+ _1 z4 \9 `
750 Mexico- s" T& u4 s8 F; d& _- h7 ], N. u" Q; u
759 Venezuela
) Z) f' F0 K5 r- x. Q* I76 Switzerland' z) _; T2 m6 s0 o. E' T
770 Colombia
4 ], \% A, k! Q& o5 `. ~+ ^9 d) ^3 P773 Uruguay
" g& M$ Q( K5 t4 N }% C775 Peru% |4 R: |" ]7 A i$ F; y
777 Bolivia
' U" |3 P& W4 Y3 g: h( e o779 Argentina
0 m) Q$ P7 } X7 p9 I& k: t3 v780 Chile# }% I- Q& w/ m) U R; x
784 Paraguay6 b& v* h7 L% C/ G/ b' O$ G* F
785 Peru
0 f& p4 Y8 r0 \( E9 d: l% J9 c$ I786 Ecuador
8 m6 W9 J: D% N9 s4 ~7 S( B: Y789 Brazil
2 k2 [5 k( q& q$ V( v1 i" p80-83 Italy$ @# c# c Z0 r3 v m/ P
84 Spain- Y7 C/ j/ d5 m X
850 Cuba# @5 f0 ]# H9 W) {3 l4 F
858 Slovakia$ A# V& U- ~0 f& d8 i8 N
859 Czech Republic0 e+ d6 r) w% }
860 Serbia & Montenegro" {: _( I$ i& ^( e1 r
869 Turkey: ^; F6 `8 J: S$ Q% D
87 Netherlands8 j$ u2 Y5 T9 r' R% V
880 South Korea5 D) Z6 Z, M: n% z( U3 e
885 Thailand
6 Y$ U9 q& l5 b, g6 \888 Singapore
6 k1 `3 }* N5 `3 I, r+ O890 India# ?3 F6 O1 U3 H+ C
893 Vietnam
7 i5 r" x5 i( d9 q1 x9 t899 Indonesia
" G! }2 P T6 p/ y# |90 -91 Austria P; Z) f! }8 \; r- w
93 Australia% r- I5 M) z- F! d
94 New Zealand) f4 x" C% Y* a& S! l
955 Malaysia4 x" \$ L% \% u- y2 I4 V
958 Macau
8 E4 P" |8 a/ n+ h d977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)7 F- Z8 Z9 U m7 ]4 C' u0 E) C- ^
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
( A* o6 ]0 l {979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)- l3 ]) B% Q# Y; Q7 e* R2 a
7 |! t8 ^$ w8 w% b4 f4 o) eMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm4 ?% ^8 n" A J& g
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