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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 ; F. \' s @! u& D2 F6 k+ z
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o3 ^, g* t) s+ h' d! v, r3 TCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?4 D/ t2 D( U4 e: a. b. j6 z
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.& ]% t* V/ D' g M+ p; k+ _
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.5 c. a# b- v; _. ]
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
1 I0 }2 }1 w! |' _; S* n4 ~+ ?+ gCurrently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
|% J) X4 f: p0 t* O3 N% \, H% CThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.! Q! f, u: r: V6 Y
The country codes used are :5 ?/ f- Z9 y/ V5 A4 c
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CODE \COUNTRY
4 ^" e( t. [6 c+ H, J$ ?% X00-13 USA & Canada
* M: n* F6 O) v6 }9 Y5 D20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)$ N3 C3 o; C/ f+ D
30-37 France) ^: |) b% w: c$ o! ^
380 Bulgaria( T1 A8 J6 X$ e4 S
383 Slovenia
( R C+ T k# v p8 i/ b7 A3 e7 T385 Croatia
, h7 d# b+ E( }) G387 Bosnia-Herzegovina6 K N6 z# [7 g5 I |) T, j3 ~
400-440 Germany
r: ?& P3 O0 Q Y/ R, K45 Japan
9 l! x2 T! i( R- L; }46 Russian Federation
$ A2 l5 b+ J; S; c# d8 C F" N471 Taiwan; \# E l9 z5 r( S- u
474 Estonia9 {) X2 l& N1 r) q# n( E( X
475 Latvia _; }! A" j9 {0 K7 N
476 Azerbaijan
% c2 ]9 h! N) h; a. Q8 N6 g477 Lithuania. r9 u% L# F( Q/ g) K. k
478 Uzbekistan5 l7 a9 N: J5 i- t
479 Sri Lanka' q8 A% `4 r$ m/ k! j* e: r, A
480 Philippines
/ B8 c5 G4 N( z- H- w481 Belarus4 S! R+ Z# s/ |( C" ~
482 Ukraine
! m& `2 L) O, o3 `- U484 Moldova0 @, L( f' X& j/ y
485 Armenia8 _' j( t; g& z& U7 `1 r; i
486 Georgia7 d8 L0 s0 [, |( v
487 Kazakhstan# o/ k7 M2 m! Q
489 Hong Kong
" o1 F2 n4 S, y2 _49 Japan
" H9 [8 [6 n3 |+ u% _& u50 UK% b3 |3 I# K- @
520 Greece" x! {3 o, `' Q% [. T) h
528 Lebanon' O0 i4 [1 `1 J4 P* [5 B9 r
529 Cyprus+ B. B7 V, |3 O2 c) k1 P! q4 U
531 Macedonia9 _" w9 M8 b8 T$ v D6 ?2 E1 C! @4 E1 A
535 Malta
/ \( N* i* H3 a4 r# U8 p% W/ {. s! w539 Ireland
( { f$ o% L" N2 Y2 ^8 N54 Belgium & Luxembourg' |8 h1 }- G0 c* V
560 Portugal
6 E$ h/ \+ U* p5 Z$ W! u569 Iceland
8 ~/ [* @& d9 b1 J' c$ d k57 Denmark1 y# p# H0 H/ n# g Q* \
590 Poland
i. t4 ~: M/ w4 ~$ e% S594 Romania8 z+ I$ E9 i# A. G E" T
599 Hungary' p( e1 {4 ^# [# K& ?& o% d; k# {
600-601 South Africa8 }+ o: h7 K4 ^' P7 E
609 Mauritius
O6 J! s b* q611 Morocco
4 q( q& g3 b L: R3 I613 Algeria
; u+ { y4 S; N619 Tunisia% H9 s& Y" z h- U" D
621 Syria' n. n9 H( a( V& [# g) d" l
622 Egypt0 h) c1 L+ @% O% W1 E
624 Libya+ e7 d+ S2 J5 N9 k, {" Q
625 Jordan2 [$ @% J* B1 \/ W& K. J1 i+ H, h
626 Iran
$ T( \# l4 e4 A) t3 F6 x8 Z627 Kuwait% q+ I7 W4 R0 O+ D$ E! h5 b
628 Saudi Arabia; Y( w1 Z3 V4 d. x, ~
629 United Arab Emirates6 P2 K, j$ Z0 ?1 s
64 Finland
& m4 B1 e6 z f) C) H9 D690-692 China9 S5 |0 S' r! {- Q" V) A% b
70 Norway/ o9 T/ Z$ A" `, C
729 Israel
* O7 U% {& J" X8 P+ U( J73 Sweden! b' R* g! q; b) o7 C" K
740 Guatemala; `( E; ]7 R$ m0 T5 \
741 El Salvador
: E, X2 J/ `6 W; n0 k- c; z742 Honduras
! r$ a. T- D- g743 Nicaragua" l, L" \& p& K ]/ i
744 Costa Rica& z1 M$ ~% h4 T
745 Panama# L9 V4 a8 i: N, C1 ?
746 Dominican Republic/ _' ^: {0 n. T
750 Mexico
. O, V( a* B0 T, V* i6 E3 V1 y759 Venezuela) {+ b2 ^& h6 d, {4 r9 v
76 Switzerland
$ ?& m/ M* F/ v' \6 G5 w% y770 Colombia8 a4 d, j: H5 e# }; {% r2 X
773 Uruguay) C3 C, O( m$ |" i, d7 f5 C* v' D/ m
775 Peru
8 f0 b9 E P$ ?0 [3 L9 H777 Bolivia! R v3 C- a& j' q1 L6 d# l
779 Argentina% Q6 y+ {. w9 q n7 L5 @. @0 k
780 Chile
4 \8 @8 A) s/ D* V/ ^" U0 W784 Paraguay4 P- y% {3 z; l+ o
785 Peru
1 }$ p, Q2 r* f" @ p3 ?786 Ecuador5 p+ i" F& ~2 z* C2 n% A% J
789 Brazil
+ I* T+ I+ m, J7 P E% d80-83 Italy" ]7 m) N% a, E* l' j9 d
84 Spain
, P6 h) Z- z0 i) O* g* a850 Cuba( d7 Y8 u7 Z. B. a1 I
858 Slovakia3 Y- t9 F: i( x" I
859 Czech Republic5 P5 s* Y, G! ?
860 Serbia & Montenegro
6 ]+ `, u* Y) n# J- S869 Turkey
% i! ]7 K) F4 Z0 p, c$ s. m* u87 Netherlands8 F4 E9 g, ?- {1 q! n: K" S
880 South Korea
7 }- f/ @( W2 O# w5 S N3 Z885 Thailand2 o; [: b- }" a: \$ ~
888 Singapore
7 E, W7 P' x* m! l) v890 India6 o/ N6 f" ] v f( e2 H2 p
893 Vietnam& x4 r7 ^1 r0 E9 i f0 w% Y
899 Indonesia
; {+ W h* [, t% F90 -91 Austria+ |9 C; o8 o! k! u' O5 i
93 Australia S3 ~+ f) m7 F, s2 h- H0 o- |+ i
94 New Zealand+ e( Q; D" L: ^, q7 S! X, R
955 Malaysia+ M. i) s) d4 B7 M& t4 c4 X7 \
958 Macau+ W& E. S: C3 N8 o5 Q: M2 {
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
6 P( }" d D4 B978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)# R' T7 k0 g6 I3 i! Y( s! l6 s
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)( i4 n @. d; S0 Y8 b
- ]8 J; c5 b/ l8 {% w/ k" l5 nMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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