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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 # u2 d4 e, Q; M6 h
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
2 Y4 I* v+ X- ]- O( [3 s. ]5 lBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum." c/ ^( q$ C0 G2 G; I9 A3 u
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.' i2 H! ^9 |% V
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
7 g. C. ^- q' z, O1 I8 YThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.6 p* ?. l6 E8 p6 O8 u( A
The country codes used are :
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( B: X6 [$ @% ]1 YCODE \COUNTRY( F9 C6 {1 U2 d4 `2 N; p
00-13 USA & Canada
$ z5 ^$ A9 T+ @1 F( |' i$ L20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
3 E+ c6 w( p" b2 r. }30-37 France& D: j6 X; k5 ^& X$ q# X$ @
380 Bulgaria
7 P" n1 K3 n6 b$ }) s; I1 Q; a383 Slovenia
3 E2 \; @- b! z385 Croatia) R. Q% o& I& _) G) H- z1 @
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
2 L7 E! k- R; A$ w! K+ B! y400-440 Germany9 L- B/ ^; B$ Z1 l" l' n3 c" J
45 Japan! t& z1 `: x2 v. N- g
46 Russian Federation7 r, B6 B, d) Z3 p' M7 P% l
471 Taiwan
% v+ p S |9 F5 \, r6 H0 T474 Estonia0 N( j; W. t3 P+ r' i
475 Latvia
0 O* R; N6 ]4 y476 Azerbaijan
. M$ r, A2 G% f' n0 {; R1 M477 Lithuania5 e$ G. X" J# a: ^" ~! u
478 Uzbekistan
( T: |! C* c" a; V2 U4 N+ D; s/ Z479 Sri Lanka
" M: L' y9 p) }9 x480 Philippines
$ ^: H7 u7 t; a481 Belarus$ N7 v" H7 x, }# x- u# j! _
482 Ukraine
, G# n% O2 Q# J' j# G1 z484 Moldova
C/ p% k4 L+ q2 x8 \485 Armenia, x& v6 }. a6 Q! @ Z, u
486 Georgia
9 ~6 O2 k0 Q( J' t487 Kazakhstan
; J4 p' b3 c$ y* B' u% ?/ x( E7 ^489 Hong Kong
% r/ R l4 @' d4 }7 @" U" \/ ~49 Japan
" v+ z4 f* y" j* \9 \50 UK! M9 G# P6 o( ]/ G+ o% m1 Z
520 Greece4 J4 w* g% `1 d p- j4 l% R
528 Lebanon
; H7 P% e r& x529 Cyprus
$ [0 e5 H! \! ~4 t6 N7 R$ E: M% C% ^531 Macedonia
$ f/ L/ G- s: Z" G. L0 U8 e535 Malta
" O) v0 q7 Z2 j2 F/ N5 H* ~539 Ireland( P i5 ^, r8 p+ G' |% j- H# E
54 Belgium & Luxembourg" j. G9 ~ a* ^( G3 I& B
560 Portugal1 P! M/ E: L% D
569 Iceland
3 `+ w, R/ s- C; n57 Denmark
- m+ W( D8 d5 c8 e590 Poland* O% {8 p9 a! i! j& v1 [8 R
594 Romania/ ]2 ]' V# d% H% T8 O0 S
599 Hungary) Z+ h* a4 z! e t& N
600-601 South Africa% |, g- H' W5 R* |% W
609 Mauritius f* X D! J. S- ^+ W" {" |& @6 x
611 Morocco
1 D: y& X" u7 M g( ?613 Algeria
# t& S2 Y7 O8 t# j+ c619 Tunisia0 Z. D- F7 r5 |+ L* w- p! `
621 Syria6 t$ D7 ^4 |/ t0 Q
622 Egypt5 Y) p( x# i& G$ f9 t
624 Libya& k, b2 M& a" M+ p: T
625 Jordan
; r$ }& V0 A3 C626 Iran
7 Q; j/ S% E4 w1 _9 w* ^! u5 l( @627 Kuwait3 d8 N `/ q9 T# O
628 Saudi Arabia
& A1 \) c7 n9 o629 United Arab Emirates
( x6 a* y9 `" B9 K0 ]& h: l( w9 }64 Finland
6 Q" A8 O: r( ^690-692 China* P( Z3 S2 f$ I+ x+ \
70 Norway9 |- \7 v% Q, K) k
729 Israel6 Y8 T+ E& U$ v8 U6 e( n
73 Sweden
) Q6 s- y5 X$ n2 E) H( L( N740 Guatemala
2 G; a8 j+ @" p% x! W2 h9 O( q741 El Salvador
& J' f. {0 Z+ q ]; o( ]; R# k742 Honduras
+ O/ v0 K6 X2 w W: x7 x0 z743 Nicaragua/ d/ S+ e4 r2 C8 ^9 z
744 Costa Rica8 o/ n. \4 ^4 F( X% n
745 Panama
9 ?# D: x* n, B/ k3 M746 Dominican Republic# t( y+ p1 ]. d8 p1 O
750 Mexico
6 x- D& |" I6 I! o: C# b; E759 Venezuela
' }! k" B# h" z76 Switzerland$ k7 G) |, r1 r/ c5 } p, O4 H
770 Colombia5 F2 C% T; X3 e( k, |4 d
773 Uruguay
' Z3 g: B& d8 n1 b3 B# s775 Peru9 H* T+ s1 A8 S4 w- e
777 Bolivia7 F+ A* Q. z3 T4 A6 }8 A: H
779 Argentina P2 }( ~; \6 E" }
780 Chile
4 m" J7 O4 @% M k) K784 Paraguay( a: W; [7 K4 C; E9 P* n/ {2 }
785 Peru
; b5 H3 d9 i! E786 Ecuador
% ~1 l6 i |6 d" W: r789 Brazil3 T" r% {- C) D* c) H
80-83 Italy
6 v F# h6 Q t3 o; b. J" h7 a; n9 v84 Spain
/ |& p( G; U! j6 _, \1 h8 d- t850 Cuba3 I8 `( u! i( O9 y, j3 R; \
858 Slovakia+ v: n$ E4 ?! E5 B# }2 x
859 Czech Republic& J5 d. l5 S, j6 a; i2 L
860 Serbia & Montenegro
! q7 _/ {" G+ Y" I% a& C1 a869 Turkey
! t* q9 n* U8 ?: x( `87 Netherlands# M) O; b& s& v& F3 M% Y3 F" ~ l
880 South Korea
1 }. ~) G& o+ i" y- h l; o" q4 o885 Thailand8 Y7 C7 y8 V, L6 M- ^
888 Singapore
* `! a( E; M9 i" \ j2 v, ?890 India: n0 F! s% w( I, i' G. a0 x8 X
893 Vietnam' e, A0 W1 w! j& _
899 Indonesia( V, r% G8 Y( Y3 q) \# V4 `% J
90 -91 Austria
/ |9 i8 i9 A6 y7 k7 @93 Australia
x' h) r0 N' `& _6 K94 New Zealand
, |2 ?! ^) ^" k( W! u3 J" A955 Malaysia
3 Y% z% l! `9 r4 _$ A9 ^* E& [6 m! X958 Macau
6 D" x0 A& r0 Y; _977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
, y! L4 C; `5 Q6 {; U) U8 v978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)0 z- s9 [4 `- t6 a! G/ ~
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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2 @9 P' u! |# ?3 l% V. m( BMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm- b. Z5 |) `4 e3 a. w
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