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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 8 D+ R y, `0 Z* R
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一、厕所 ; s- j \: p8 p' m' h% b4 m
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 2 Y7 w) L- Y% J3 j& _% J! d" |2 E
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二、解小便 4 Y, j! i" E" i: b! C- v2 a
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 8 S2 ^0 G+ V& y* U3 T1 i
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
5 \# _, U* M+ {: n7 K Do you have trouble urinating? * G$ b. J' n1 z0 O
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) - U# i! i2 m2 Z
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此外,还有其他的说法: 3 c4 T. d! B0 _+ k! A" R2 v
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
8 t4 `) G1 a j& d! }# a @: k- ? * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
* b R* P: f9 J9 \. ^6 ` * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) % a" z6 C/ P& ^7 \0 E7 X
4 j; \( b. ^! C6 Y) m* P; z 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
3 ]5 w" K5 S: H: s% k * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
! W g1 h! i% \: \4 U& [: Z 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 9 L' {2 |' j& c. c9 e
0 y; Q7 X& J: p: Y* ? * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
" V2 S: I4 ~9 z( p$ L; v8 A* s 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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# |! o' p5 [0 [( o6 ~$ O * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. . j' H5 {: N/ l s X
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: + T: i7 b, I- ?9 X
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
- X1 j$ f! p1 l/ j; R: S) o * Do I need a urine test? 0 D5 D. p3 C, E0 t- F
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
. _) `4 {8 i- t; _ * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
( |' J7 H5 t. f) e( D/ E2 [ * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 6 e" D8 ]! b3 ^0 B
' L* S4 ?5 Y5 x' k 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
8 D% Z4 l5 O8 X) A * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 3 |& l! }$ j+ }/ Z# |
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 8 ^, S! w! ?9 `3 y! U
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) . Y+ _5 i0 x1 r8 Y
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) * |7 b% T, Z6 B8 x/ G
$ }7 m6 G q5 w# V 三、解大便
' t y) q [) C4 U 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
9 @1 |2 `) m- u/ r7 A9 [ to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
7 ~! v; E' {* ^( @5 z) G5 w% ~ =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
" |3 W2 _1 ]& @8 B$ D3 A * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) * B( `$ M% E" C% j) H9 Y: c9 Q
/ K$ i7 `4 l1 E 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
& U% P; I- r8 h1 q6 D9 H * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: Q7 D$ _& A4 x5 { V5 L+ }& i
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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9 B/ C5 \" W2 d) @ B( K 四、放屁
Z2 j* ~/ G" u- s: L6 S! z" W 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: , f" E' e( Z& o$ S1 o4 e
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
# z v5 U# |0 A% E8 ?9 |4 O) w- q 你放屁的次数很多吗?
) N# N+ I5 o4 N+ S * Is the gas expelled by belching? 2 f% b# @8 m; h
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
3 `; l+ L# R2 z; {) n7 A! U1 \ * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
' v o7 A2 g" x' D 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
$ w/ {& n; ^/ P& `, o; {4 H; m. [/ S * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. N7 d: G* Y* D! b$ u1 }, t' M
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
' W$ U1 _ P9 z' v' M- C" s' ~& k * Be careful not to fart in the public.
( r" a1 S0 c* u& K 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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6 }" ]- T7 D G' f, t: C3 Z 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
5 |6 o1 e7 y3 J/ }( H5 @) K * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
+ p1 B& G% ?) o# ]" W& R; k = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
& L6 y7 G& R* q% f1 O 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) z& S/ ~' ~" H+ S, G
+ x" F+ h9 Y! e; f+ l% K * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ' ~% S0 j. @$ F ?" o$ S
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 1 J. f; ~1 q' p/ M' f0 j
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 3 E* y) [5 K% ]6 r# |- C
他经常便秘。) 或
% B) U9 _. z( Y1 m& T1 A * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 }5 E* C. \, q3 N. E' i3 \
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 % T X& o" \( v# q% w
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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( V4 r) r3 c# T * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 9 F! S9 R" [9 f0 f7 v
他拉了一阵肚子。 ' N: p0 K6 V& k* ~$ f1 P
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
, ^( ], Y$ N0 X% v( j# D$ M9 \7 t7 @ 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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