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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! " o0 c! X4 ?" S3 ~9 I. n
6 M0 d$ O' o$ y4 t- G 一、厕所 + b# y, T( G5 N% P7 E2 b
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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! M H8 o5 |. x 二、解小便
! c8 P9 ?# A. ?) G 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
% |- m! \) D8 @: g3 }* z/ s Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
) h8 r, `) A# x& M) I' N Do you have trouble urinating?
. ~9 `: l. P! y4 c =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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$ i# W' H7 Z0 F: D: R# e) u, H, } 此外,还有其他的说法:
3 w+ v# }2 k! W$ y/ q to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 6 n' k6 e# s5 {
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
+ o- S6 o3 N3 R; }, X * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
' A! l3 l/ D) \' a * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 4 S- ^" d, t9 s8 S5 n
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
2 L7 j% ~2 ]% N: ?: u( o 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 & o: n5 d+ M% W9 ~" F
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. % O1 {- e1 Q! L, F4 }) g
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 / l* O6 z3 U6 l4 e {0 Y
4 D& f0 ^6 R& M" Z 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
) M" F8 Y8 D4 g * The boy needs to pee. , A5 L8 `6 e. l" k
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
1 Z( a& D: H d/ Q% ]5 {$ o * Do I need a urine test?
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& n* s+ s) }0 R& F 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
, n; R0 ?; n) h" c3 b T: U * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
! e3 Q$ K8 A0 j' W5 B * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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/ r+ ]- Z/ T4 H# y 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 1 Z( s. |% X7 n& x2 R9 D2 Z {
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
& G2 u8 E4 G! C4 e8 u( P, g1 O * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 8 z4 B! t# G3 W6 [# w' \/ e
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) p% n4 T! n7 b% {
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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. }" e$ _2 @6 m 三、解大便
7 f8 t z- X N3 N 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: - S. M& _: y' U5 a! v4 ]
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 1 S$ W0 X/ Z7 E
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
f3 J/ q9 [4 o2 l, C * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
0 u: b- b# p& V7 y& i V5 g5 M! p' y * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) + N" |* K$ k. Q+ D4 t4 I" I
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: , ~9 y/ B0 U) r
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
4 a& [2 a% g7 s2 T4 h, d 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
2 ?0 l3 C' d* F How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
2 z- F5 r9 _0 W, l* Y. F- ? 你放屁的次数很多吗?
2 x) r+ [- Q) ?/ J% j * Is the gas expelled by belching? : I7 T; }5 C# s, a
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) % h- K# Y& L. W& |/ U* j) l
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
6 E5 }% J% V. o) K) N0 n1 z( U 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
) o( l) t, u8 @1 N+ p! D# d' s- G4 { * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
3 O' c; o! k% n9 a L 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 : T9 I2 F4 G, ^6 \- o+ @5 L
* Be careful not to fart in the public. $ R- @1 i. {) g- {
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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~3 Z) I1 C4 } 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
% x8 P& @+ \1 y) {" a; q# { * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
7 I; K( S0 U- q: B3 {7 v = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
7 K* R4 u% g' n3 m* ]4 k 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
$ y5 Q* Y! [5 x w 胃不舒服有两星期了。) & h7 v* R% \2 z7 J% B
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
# z6 {3 S' d) j- M0 c 他经常便秘。) 或
- r# @! O9 `! g% D+ Q% c# w * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
) X% _8 d, C8 u; \. J& \ * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
F' O1 b9 s. _1 D3 E7 ~ * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. F8 y5 i8 E0 M( u( h6 `: Z- e
7 I" d# Y$ ~/ s- p" W( B * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. , X( i$ ~9 g9 ~/ g ^4 R
他拉了一阵肚子。 7 X W u* r! p% Z5 ^8 X
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
6 H& ?9 F7 f" @ 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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