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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! % D Y: }6 @1 M# S
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一、厕所 * U. Q# }$ F0 M9 {6 i! H1 \
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 / d" |& Y" C Y6 K9 y8 M( ~
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二、解小便
$ A5 b1 i! ~1 r& i 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
5 D% j" o: n+ j3 o$ P Will (could) you urinate in this cup? # O) n4 \5 W: [" o
4 k4 _( G0 T* J( g4 B9 H( _: r0 g 医生或许也会问: 9 a: ~4 T, ?5 F5 e
Do you have trouble urinating? 6 j2 c# {2 D' K
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 0 B, J6 J) ?4 `8 j7 [+ a( d
4 e" C7 A( ^% D; ?- C6 k, i: P0 m 此外,还有其他的说法: % D [ w' F) ^1 y1 t D
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: ; K% t( ^% V, e0 }+ _- h
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
|# h5 |: c- Q8 j4 c8 K2 `4 f. M * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
! S4 |$ i( s* Z, y3 l * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ) M* _3 ?# l$ B/ a4 Z& r% f6 A
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ) J% m; I {* _& `- N, P
' h- H5 e5 V' S' w* D: V * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
' j3 C: W, j9 g, A 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. @" o/ M. M7 u! ~. D
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 . X1 B+ ~+ A: a0 ]0 ~ h
6 U% } c) B+ H4 ?, k( E/ r 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
$ C# T3 H* k5 Y2 ^* ]& }" r * The boy needs to pee.
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. E5 z5 M/ T' y) U5 D G+ v5 D- G 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: ' ~+ b2 u) m, Z8 z8 C; E3 r
* Do I need a urine test? 9 n# U2 B1 p) A0 `
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
! g8 _ S/ a. s5 o, j+ s * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 7 [4 f+ ~# ]# D' x% z4 h1 w6 E
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: , _' l; E- ]# X# W- v% \
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
* \4 m2 z+ g# b# }5 P: b1 k1 F: F * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
7 J' @9 U1 p% T/ E( h% p * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
$ M% W5 ^+ {$ `1 ?5 S * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) / G. B+ W$ L$ F
0 x% b' A' `8 W- I9 } 三、解大便
( K6 n# _' h0 L! y |( v 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
6 `; N8 Z! R1 O8 n2 L% W, p2 Q to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
7 H) [4 b' ^3 `3 J1 p3 g =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: : ~+ R& J( H, y3 N. ~; z
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 5 L% {; b0 \- ?7 Q0 `6 P) F
8 f: y/ k$ [9 h8 {$ c5 A Y 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
7 ?) A0 \2 p7 v: r0 B- R * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 9 S0 s6 D% G* N h/ d2 g/ q0 a' [3 c- z
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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0 P, f5 d& H4 z: C6 b1 t! \8 @ 四、放屁 3 U, y5 q/ k# @9 ^* W
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
5 O4 R4 {* O1 S9 P How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
8 c( [1 t, D: Z* N6 `, Q+ y 你放屁的次数很多吗? ; `" g* ]2 h/ ~- ^, c* ~
* Is the gas expelled by belching? ' l q% X0 q) I d3 x+ o
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
0 W4 e% A- f+ c$ }1 W3 y * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
# D9 N! x% o+ U6 ]1 I+ b3 U: F 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 . G" y0 l7 }7 p( b: @: F" W
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 4 ]/ B, {# Z$ Y4 w1 t0 \( M
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 & D3 M* n- k- O; s
* Be careful not to fart in the public. # G0 n8 Y* ? ]9 `1 s
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 ) ~" m; o# K9 l( L1 N
& N, F5 w5 c, m. G; s- S 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
% m; F, S) X( _ * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) + H. V) y# K2 a
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. ' `' J7 E3 j! P
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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$ r4 I$ u: b. W9 }; d1 ~3 o * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ! w' m/ c% u/ `5 R
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
! e2 Y7 r$ g0 }) e; L3 R2 D * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 2 M( s: j& [. N
他经常便秘。) 或 8 i- w+ K; u8 E
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 ! r3 ]" J6 l+ A$ d$ I5 d. U
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
w6 T$ `; Q0 D * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 5 a- v" D+ ^* Q% }! t
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
9 g) N! {. V( \6 m" F7 R; X' f5 D7 y 他拉了一阵肚子。 & G. G1 c7 L7 _, ^$ J9 f' y
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
* e3 D) [/ [7 C o+ v 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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