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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! n- o2 I) y6 X. G; S+ N
. ]7 F" G9 D! D" q0 B4 k 一、厕所 . c. g4 a- ~% t4 U7 _* I# |
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 " @3 `4 x; p3 u `! V! d' b
; l2 M# o( `% t0 e% T; d( g( X/ u 二、解小便
) x( B( f I0 t- f) ~2 p- A 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
5 f6 e! I* E3 ]' G8 p0 m+ R Will (could) you urinate in this cup? + t7 C$ ^# j( G5 Y
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医生或许也会问: $ \1 C8 t. J8 w
Do you have trouble urinating?
3 L7 ? U( t5 D =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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# O" c5 C6 o& F9 D; t2 I 此外,还有其他的说法:
0 x L' E% e. u" K1 p( [% f2 Q to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: % Q& d1 c* f/ I+ @' d9 g
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. * [" {) \, y" T: _% X. Q
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) / F: A2 R1 x) [, c8 g& d5 `
- o' t7 P3 v/ D$ b/ ]. W- X: l! c 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
1 d! F9 h9 D \# r/ c * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. $ h# v- W: l7 q# j! Q+ g7 `: i, q
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 2 d- S# C/ k, n9 H$ ~6 S& g+ f
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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2 k& P8 c1 q. _ z& A * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. - @. p, Z }1 J- y8 U x' a
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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/ E/ n Y* ~+ |( z) W* _6 ?, K' K 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
. W; \9 ^! G4 U4 \& X0 H * The boy needs to pee.
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8 s2 s @8 L7 _7 |% b4 I5 e 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: & w% ~2 d3 g! o9 E9 r
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ) p* D1 |' J( h6 D
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ( N2 f9 A) m4 u. y0 U7 H7 D
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) " q% h, M1 a0 R9 Y) q8 M" j
6 Q. o8 ~0 C! w% | 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ' D8 K& {# D1 u
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) * E( X8 Z/ n) p6 H4 p. h
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) . p9 @0 y" t3 C9 S- C
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
) |+ r, S5 ~1 ^' Y6 P * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) " p" ~% t$ h) G; b9 c
& R9 B* D$ d, V1 U( S 三、解大便
, H0 t8 h5 J4 ? 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: : [" a( a/ w1 t# T) Y
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
9 l" L( c K% z# f/ t =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: / ]; a) U: \" m, D' C
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: ( R( p4 g9 z) G0 L$ g
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) " D& b' Y* h1 r' ~) ]5 I5 O, N0 [
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: $ }0 d' P u' C2 F- S
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) / e' L$ Z$ G+ L1 R* o* Q' p
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四、放屁
2 O# U( T" {# ^! g4 B. [# s 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 0 v r. N8 L4 l% f. h
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? % G) p9 j8 _3 r( t4 {- a P# c
你放屁的次数很多吗? 8 [ f; {; }2 ]$ @% p7 {0 t9 l
* Is the gas expelled by belching? * z' S" c: @2 \4 X& Y4 Z* r; O
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ( ~ N0 \6 G1 z, e* K
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 9 R/ E$ M+ r* l4 Y7 n
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 2 Q" s7 M2 }/ R) i. g
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
8 ~8 p) Q+ U2 `% O. _ 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
: r1 J2 W4 {; S( {; T/ B3 {! X6 v * Be careful not to fart in the public. , C/ l V6 g6 C* ^ b! e3 _) W( m
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 8 }4 n6 O: v. q" z8 ]$ j
+ U/ i$ _6 |, l) n" N& l 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 3 D# Y( N% y* H; F" t9 @2 B
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
- Q7 E F! x) o( ]8 d" s7 M5 b = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
, j$ p" @) X/ s) m7 _+ ] 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
8 g( P/ s+ S, A 胃不舒服有两星期了。) ! y/ k* Y% L! F8 [
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) ) H/ d7 r" U( k" m
他经常便秘。) 或 9 W9 J+ U( Q5 o; N7 }% X. l. ]
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
& c9 W+ A2 l: k& ~4 z+ j- W6 X5 G * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
' w. p% n- J# D * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
' }" \. Z9 k' V- Y l$ K. f% s- E7 w 他拉了一阵肚子。
8 Y7 ?# v# E) A0 T3 s5 E * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) + @0 X q. I2 }1 o3 J
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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