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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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# S4 x' x% m5 U( U- Q- B$ C 一、厕所
8 N; v% y0 w1 W% @, |& K5 ]) b( k7 x 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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% m' ]4 W, j* L$ X+ Y. F 二、解小便
# p8 y. a. v% `$ L, q# d 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
, j) i+ o& i& [8 O3 j; K6 x, \ Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 4 ^/ R4 i" _" ^, I
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医生或许也会问: ) F, S4 h! X" m# n/ c
Do you have trouble urinating?
$ o" C4 S- Y: n B =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) % ^1 r( b+ P) U- `1 y+ x) `
& V! c$ n' S: m/ K 此外,还有其他的说法: ) A; ?6 }6 e, |. u1 E) n5 ~
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
! J. @$ Y* w# i * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 8 G' Q* H, Y; G2 `( k$ d, S
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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: y4 t, Q k: J3 d* T 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 7 D! d5 i& [1 @' s3 U
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
3 J5 P/ P* L% c) F 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 0 ?9 s% X% i' s- s& z$ O+ h
+ @; p8 {- J+ ]0 m * He went to the john a few minutes ago. ( c* } ?! [6 ^4 r
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 6 r: w5 M( v6 r& D8 ?! ]* m+ U6 a
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
/ U: |$ y% s- s8 C1 Z 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
. p- s6 A& U9 H* A8 X8 V * The boy needs to pee.
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. m8 w/ T$ i: u7 g- n# L" V* o 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: / B* [. u5 i1 _0 K, E' g- y
* Do I need a urine test?
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, _2 G& F. z8 `/ u' d4 a0 l 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
! r; B7 U/ i3 n+ J9 p * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
1 w: @, { K) |! X * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) : C6 g. q/ B& T3 C/ o& _
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: & k s4 m' i' {& N, O, e0 s5 }/ M# a
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
; S$ e2 J$ k5 q# l* z/ g( }$ ? * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 7 ~, X* N: D$ M- o. I9 N) r
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
, T' o# _4 c) e) E! [) U * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
7 a# v% q' ~. @' i3 G 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: * ]; `! X, P/ o: `% N3 v' |
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
. h, G- [& Y s( ] =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 3 Q- I1 v6 M( r6 @
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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& D" R, }6 U7 F. i 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
0 i) R) k; {: ~, r$ p0 ~4 Q * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 7 H( Q0 Q7 I$ M; N+ k5 W
2 s3 F, t& D, p) x, } 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
) c. R) D* @, d * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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+ S% w$ _" S7 b* [" P 四、放屁
z& s# P* w/ c6 a; F+ r 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: : C. P- H! O: K8 c* W
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
! ^ W: a5 K( w5 Y 你放屁的次数很多吗? $ ?9 H. ^& c1 V2 ?
* Is the gas expelled by belching? , h j% k" z5 [: U( A; E
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
) f( R# \5 l) w * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
) g" ~9 _& W. @; D/ C" P) \7 U 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 ; D3 K4 J3 L; r: i. g1 O: |6 F0 ]
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
9 T5 q& i- ]6 [9 s K9 l9 G- ], L6 f% } 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 / g) u# b/ W# e
* Be careful not to fart in the public. . z" N4 X o3 L% _6 {9 v
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 , p; w5 W- ^, {! M; }
& {/ q( M3 i: g2 A4 R3 n 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 8 N8 [+ e4 G' E9 \8 Z
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) * E! [4 W+ J5 j8 D q! H
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
& y8 G: i5 ?. _ 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) : W1 j0 M8 y6 U0 m/ F8 O
: c- N: M& J# z2 a1 ^: e * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
3 O" Y0 l/ x" P ~* j6 t; S 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
) v7 U* X8 f! F; M0 N, @: M * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
3 ~/ F! f! U8 s6 h+ g 他经常便秘。) 或
$ G% K5 p3 |+ w, Y8 m. ] * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
& W1 I) H6 T: ^1 e8 _& J * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 + m( W- {& Z# I$ ?0 [
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. . |9 X9 g% T. J. q7 p, D
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 8 k4 g. t l. _" r8 P
他拉了一阵肚子。 ) Y( q7 V8 @1 `
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
& I# M% G a- A 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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