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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 1 A1 t5 R' Q0 d9 X! x
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一、厕所 ( R/ v( f+ V' ?: v
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 l% G9 a1 {* }- `
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二、解小便
5 Q' u3 Z5 z a9 P* ~2 I5 V 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
+ w4 I8 P3 }7 d; R# ?& m5 |7 ^ Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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$ d, d8 O6 y, K 医生或许也会问:
( F, I, D# f- P/ R( G: X& R; q Do you have trouble urinating?
6 V. G o; Y" q& e1 ~. s' l6 g% U =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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. f9 b- c9 D) Q 此外,还有其他的说法:
5 r9 g( f/ v3 b) _, h4 z to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 0 ]2 X& \7 d) k. N r& s& l
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 5 i1 F5 W' T' ?
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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8 u+ |! }8 [$ R# ? 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
, u' d4 B% \8 S [2 X * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 8 f( O) v) q# X+ O% A& I
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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6 Q. _; u8 J& M& k, @ * He went to the john a few minutes ago. ; R) B4 \" r! k
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
~: p$ x) ~/ t 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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+ ?2 _( O# k% c! {* l' r 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: & N T1 H+ v! L/ h
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 7 Z, {" ^% e- s6 W7 H; `7 r
* Do I need a urine test?
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5 A! |, a4 {( f6 Y) o 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 6 R! l" S1 f! {, B
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
! h0 K- M0 V8 E s6 {/ o& }. f * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) . Q8 p6 X5 V7 S4 s9 Z4 E8 {/ `
% d+ Z& E) ^9 M: I" g' \- J 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: " _! _# C. G. I! A- }6 T5 w9 c
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 3 M8 y) I- L( `! ]8 L# c
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 4 Z( Y8 L$ A' p$ w1 N) T) [: t
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
; P" f8 \6 N2 {3 n1 u * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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, p4 L2 [, Q' V6 U, A 三、解大便
- ^# ~8 A2 ]# _% z; A# i f 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
+ l% o3 ^/ D6 w to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 9 W5 f3 \, O3 a9 q/ k
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: w- C6 e4 {8 P4 {5 {* j5 m9 s8 V
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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) m o0 o2 a) J3 {) y0 m8 i& ~& b 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
; H# ^+ P; [7 x4 v9 V* W2 i" X * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) : f' j4 i, g u! e9 ]
! y% s% q% u( ?2 O 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: : Y p' y5 O9 V4 a
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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# D$ x0 A% h; Y2 S9 H5 B6 @. u 四、放屁
4 J- z8 B8 t: }1 l3 _! g5 Q 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
+ J M2 A# |, n9 R g) p' _ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
# e7 e3 G" n7 L- W2 n6 y( B4 w 你放屁的次数很多吗?
+ n& n, W$ f9 i1 K * Is the gas expelled by belching?
1 w" c, N3 ~7 p* O" p6 Q( z 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ; ]( i# f# Y* c5 a4 x T
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. / S8 J0 e& z: Q4 N U$ W
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
( b, ]( J- a1 f * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
0 i0 Q. \' s& [6 f {$ `& V 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
, n. | k0 r, o; W2 v; e( X * Be careful not to fart in the public. + {4 ` j& y8 k4 P
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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+ T$ n( E, R( j% N- w" a( Y 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ; M/ h% ]/ w A7 q
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 3 h/ [$ ^$ u" c! S* O
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
6 X. y, \8 [( @. Q' n 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. , y9 d8 B' U4 j* [5 Q# M6 [" v
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 8 k! m0 k# V( |/ _/ C$ p# @
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 0 q) Z N( j, Z4 W" J7 u" x' r# i: V
他经常便秘。) 或
+ }2 K0 D) p& E& N7 m * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
' U6 B* n8 C" A% A * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 $ J" v( ]+ e- J- d
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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+ p+ O- h2 v7 M" P! a: l * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
. }. |' t E T8 ?: r! |5 x 他拉了一阵肚子。 * L2 G6 h6 O4 R R
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
3 s$ I1 A8 ]8 \2 W7 l( } 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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