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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。 ! E% F" J" p5 @6 a% Z; n) [% y
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
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A：I like apples. 0 `, D: ^2 g9 {3 b: a, d+ g2 N6 c
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B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
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这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。 6 m6 N% f. E( b5 l
' L9 A9 B7 p4 r7 s- j5 V本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。 * T( O- \# o4 d4 S1 ?
. n5 h5 _2 [2 q! ^; [ b1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he. + ]+ \! C/ v- {, Y' e
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2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。 6 i6 t7 K% x( k" }, f
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又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
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3 {' E2 P1 @! ~3 S! G" e第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is) ( m: ^0 w, A2 D8 c+ E
7 C5 Z3 \5 f+ E) E6 U: |, W2 `# x第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 ! a9 m+ M% r B" l D5 c
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3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. , e) q e d% F# d' K. |1 l _
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4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构 1 f8 f* _1 F( l/ V( T# ?& Y8 M* r$ p4 u
) w! c2 l. ^, g! {3 S- p如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more! b1 W- w- f! c# z! {; h6 {
5 @+ m0 N9 M6 o+ O0 L% S: [& u---Nor it is! $ |, S! b6 y8 g# R* b
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This cup hasn't got a handle! 1 n, }+ T! p1 h1 ]7 M
. {; s7 p. o) e3 `. f& n---Nor it has! % S; m- M7 h4 B- v" u4 F1 Z4 \
, X/ z3 Q6 x o, g( x( Q6 a, Y四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
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Derothy: Look it's raining!
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2 J2 F$ u. K4 P- w! K+ ^2 Y1 uDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
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Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know. : D1 e1 K. V% l; g- Z
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Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
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Derothy: So we can. * z1 ]5 @+ R) Q
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Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
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" u0 k, D$ i6 rDerothy: So there is! Shall we go? 8 S( w+ m5 c$ W- `3 C
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Denald: Yes, let's. ; c: Z, s3 }" }" d/ z& X, o
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Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
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. U$ z/ A2 o1 m0 Q8 ADenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too. . l& n* e$ r6 E& S, L5 K$ C
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Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
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Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more. + [$ E3 Z+ n1 ^0 R1 L' H; d5 }
2 ]3 a1 {6 f6 ^% S! sDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk. ' A6 d& x+ p- w" d& A0 `
& N) a; a2 D S E9 w9 xDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
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1 [6 {" u/ J6 f+ S4 FDorothy: It's the postman. ! z; [. ]0 i6 t" K6 ^5 j2 s
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Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
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Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us. ' m( t' l: x4 _$ W1 w
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Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills! . S ?! Y6 k& L, J7 u, d# w
5 m+ g$ W/ h4 ]9 t% m4 F, ^; rDorothy: Nor do I!
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Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
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Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it. 9 ?/ H3 `0 S8 g8 E
+ q' k# ~8 x+ Z5 f) T3 ODonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
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Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby! 0 {4 @% P, Z$ ?( x
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Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
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& ?4 E" J6 C/ b0 r' w4 r$ N. ODorothy: There's no letter in the parcel. 6 |& R) y9 A% X. a
3 d3 b, @ o3 I6 y2 m2 w1 oDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange. % C. B( Z4 H: ~9 ^
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Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
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发表于 2006-4-18 18:28
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