 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
" f5 S8 r% I6 R' BInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the5 ]% r7 F5 L. G! Q1 V `
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,1 `% k& V4 W1 Q: Q3 S
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
$ ?# D2 X2 r$ u# x0 M(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of N( d( M! e; G4 D; l
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).. a% I# u0 p8 Q% o: E# I
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
. H1 V5 X N. X. ~" W[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]9 g, [( W3 t& w9 Q5 d0 L" c# H
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving3 A: r2 o$ a6 {5 l+ k
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
1 J- v, x H3 _ S2 z7 o* R# c; \8 Upossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
% m5 P* L! f2 B(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two% S' L9 D- I3 H
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
/ ^4 x/ j1 N4 l8 h+ ~7 Y: F$ ssemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.+ Z. E! z: J3 D; _- R
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In) {9 b$ r# x! {: q1 U$ }
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,( K: b2 g7 U4 }7 K E
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
% E( x: E/ _) ^5 d+ F+ T0 p; o5 b7 y' ?: Q8 V
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
. v* s* O# U8 p& R9 @and American speakers of English, |
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