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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:5 F) w9 g4 l5 ]2 g# i
2 N0 W; ^% H& }& \$ g/ h1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)% z( n; x- _) o6 P7 ?' K
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Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)) H7 l2 K# F2 e& {3 O/ t: X
9 n% c. m- E& p( h3 ~2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》) L6 j' B# q. ^+ B
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It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译) c$ j: E/ t+ m
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3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)# a5 H1 l) c/ p
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Who says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)
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4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》)
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+ b% g& j0 C# N- v% e G! x' S4 L( FShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)0 v9 }+ q4 |9 _+ P) d$ K
) ?# `9 m; J* y+ [* @5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)$ d" x' r v, {: B- Q6 E
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My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)
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' A* y% ^% X: u1 x9 j: B* ~- i6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译). D+ t% A1 L- b
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)
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+ G6 B+ }' S& U# lYou are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me9 j8 z* _# \ N6 r }$ w8 W8 m; q
! e" Y% W; O% K$ ~1 Z4 A! Gsuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)
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Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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2 ]. a% V4 ~$ ~; Gwith you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。" K" V# S9 {6 q2 O
/ L8 ]8 f8 C5 I, a然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
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5 W2 X' z ~3 T2 q) w8 n, R9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。
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4 g# h4 L, ]+ d5 E3 S, {' ]Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:
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0 T! ~# ^" e1 ^; A; K( o11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?0 A3 H& F% a0 l* q! Q
k; Z% l( b0 O4 j3 FThis is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems U/ B f- g# W3 h; g+ {
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that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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