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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:
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1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)
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- Y/ x! m% R+ GWealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)4 h: Z ^, T2 h
/ d m4 W) M( |2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》) ) I. r! B! P( U0 ~2 H7 `
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It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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1 c0 y) {! E- |6 Z' @# l* [# W4 cWho says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)7 R. a% t, K% n9 l
9 \0 V) m/ ?* Y5 j4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》)
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" N7 {0 O! g& \( u6 RShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)
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5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)
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% `' B2 C1 E' j6 GMy meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)" }% Y: F, {+ G: k
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6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)1 t' E# I" E% f2 p
0 ^2 z- ~1 m1 q- v/ W! c1 }But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)2 ~ e4 g9 a( j" W
7 W6 ]! L) c1 A+ O# R2 ~/ iYou are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me4 H: b0 N8 t* G- [- h
* h- R `8 w- ^* C2 x8 Ysuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)
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8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》)8 G+ F& Y8 Y2 ]$ i- L/ l" Z8 P7 ]
, U- v' A- a( A3 J {Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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) l" m) d+ \: n* ^with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。+ o7 r' m' n h5 t& o* n
3 f' `2 l% b" ^* v然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:& v! u! {6 O/ _" [" F$ R
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。3 i* S1 Z4 X8 ]) i/ x) `
; G- k0 h6 v& M, ]% ~2 J+ AYour talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.; P" O) t( P: P0 R* q
4 U% D+ p5 I- W' X1 c, u不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:, {9 A" `" h# I/ R3 ]2 O
9 N* t" C& O# ^+ u8 d7 S11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?; X8 n& O- O+ J1 x* N/ i% r
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This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems: D, w: b0 y. E: ^
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that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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