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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)5 k% g7 y+ n% T( h/ e
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Proof:
2 S0 \- \& G" KLet n >1 be an integer 9 N; t6 H8 f( N6 C# ~1 L( o: @' I+ j
Basis: (n=2)
9 G4 p4 n ^# O7 F6 i; u 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3/ T, `5 \9 K R9 Y9 G" \) w: Z
# a4 j g" u V2 C2 b$ PInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
# c; H3 k* J3 }9 F9 ^ K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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% g0 o: ~( B% h& I oNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
8 H5 B ]' b9 f9 Ksince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
$ p' r0 d, _3 p( n5 j; bThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)9 |# ]: @& K% z& _% h; k0 o
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K" o P+ Y0 K* H+ `& p
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K) c S$ L3 d/ [. n
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)2 w8 t% B! w" }% P5 R
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
8 M0 l" }- L4 K4 a4 l _; tSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)* P# F% h) g7 c# s- d9 g2 s
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
8 \. |: s9 H1 h# w% D1 _1 |8 r = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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0 D ?1 p: O& x. M[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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